The prospective association between positive psychological well-being and diabetes
Open accessAbstract
OBJECTIVE: Positive psychological well-being has protective associations with cardiovascular outcomes, but no studies have considered its association with diabetes. This study investigated links between well-being and incident diabetes. METHODS: At study baseline (1991-1994), 7,800 middle-aged British men and women without diabetes indicated their life satisfaction, emotional vitality, and optimism. Diabetes status was determined by self-reported physician diagnosis and oral glucose tolerance test (screen detection) at baseline and through 2002-2004. Incident diabetes was defined by physician-diagnosed and screen-detected cases combined and separately. Logistic regression estimated the odds of developing diabetes controlling for relevant covariates (e.g., demographics, depressive symptoms). Models were also stratified by gender and weight status. RESULTS: There were 562 combined cases of incident diabetes during follow-up (up to 13 years). Well-being was not associated with incident diabetes for combined physician-diagnosed and screen-detected cases. However, when examining the 288 physician-diagnosed cases, life satisfaction and emotional vitality were associated with up to a 15% decrease in the odds of physician-diagnosed diabetes, controlling for demographics (results were similar with other covariates). Optimism was not associated with physician-diagnosed diabetes, and no well-being indicator was associated with screen-detected diabetes. Gender and weight status were not moderators. CONCLUSIONS: Life satisfaction and emotional vitality, but not optimism, were associated with reduced risk of physician-diagnosed diabetes. These findings suggest that well-being may contribute to reducing risk of a prevalent and burdensome condition, although intervention studies are needed to confirm this. It is unclear why findings differed for physician-diagnosed versus study-screened diabetes. (PsycINFO Database Record
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In the Whitehall II cohort, no association was found between optimism, life satisfaction or well-being and T2DM risk over 13 years of follow-up.
“An analysis of the Whitehall II cohort found no association between optimism, life satisfaction or well-being and T2DM risk over 13 years of follow-up 91”
From Type 2 diabetes mellitus and psychological stress — a modifiable risk factor (2017) · cites this paper as [91]
The Abstract Results and Discussion report no association between the three well-being measures and incident diabetes when physician-diagnosed and screen-detected cases were combined, over up to 13 years. But life satisfaction and emotional vitality were associated with lower odds of physician-diagnosed diabetes. The Discussion also says diagnoses did not distinguish type I from type II diabetes, so the finding cannot be stated specifically for T2DM. (LLM, conf=0.88)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredIn the Whitehall cohort (n=7800; 13-year mean follow-up), life satisfaction, emotional vitality, and optimism showed no associations in the overall sample; sub-analyses by diabetes mellitus type found people with high life satisfaction OR 0.85 (95% CI 0.76-0.95) and emotional vitality OR 0.86 (95% CI 0.77-0.97) were less likely...
“Whitehall cohort ( n = 7800; 13 year mean follow-up ) | • Life satisfaction measured by self- report satisfaction with seven life domains. • Emotional vitality measured using three items from the Short-form 36 • Optimism measured using one item 'Over the next 5-10 | ‡ No associations in overall sample. Sub- analyses by diabetes mellitus type (doctor diag”
From Type 2 diabetes mellitus and psychological stress — a modifiable risk factor (2017) · cites this paper as Boehm (2015) 85
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Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredA large epidemiological study found that greater emotional vitality and life satisfaction predict lower incidence of type 2 diabetes.
“Regarding diabetes, a large epidemiological study found that higher levels of emotional vitality and life satisfaction were associated prospectively with a lower risk of T2D [16].”
From Well-being interventions for individuals with diabetes: A systematic review (2019) · cites this paper as [16]
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- Authors
- Boehm, J. K., Trudel-Fitzgerald, C., Kivimaki, M., & Kubzansky, L. D.
- Affiliations
- Chapman University (US)
- Harvard University (US)
- Venue
- Health Psychology
- Published
- 2015-10
- Volume
- 34
- Issue
- 10
- Pages
- 1013-1021
- ISSN
- 0278-6133 (ISSN-L)
- 1930-7810
- PMC
- PMC5008848
- OpenAlex
- W2053602218
- Cited by
- 73
- References
- 51
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 6 · 2023: 11 · 2022: 5 · 2021: 7 · 2020: 7 · 2019: 7 · 2018: 8 · 2017: 6 · 2016: 7 · 2015: 2
- FWCI
- 12.47
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Locations
- Health Psychology (publishedVersion, other-oa)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Chapman University Digital Commons (Chapman University) (submittedVersion)
- UCL Discovery (University College London) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Robert Wood Johnson Foundation
- Economic and Social Research Council
- Canadian Institutes of Health Research
- Medical Research Council (K013351)
- National Institute on Aging (AG13196)
- National Heart Lung and Blood Institute (HL36310)
- British Heart Foundation
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Psychological Well-being and Life Satisfaction
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Applied Psychology › Optimism, Hope, and Well-being
- Health Sciences › Health Professions › General Health Professions › Health, psychology, and well-being
- Keywords
- positive psychological well-being, new-onset diabetes, life satisfaction, optimism, oral glucose tolerance test, diabetes screening, middle-aged adults, gender differences, weight status
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Aged, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2, Emotions, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Prospective Studies
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