Cited by 583Sleep and Wakefulness ResearchVisual perception and processing mechanismsNeural dynamics and brain function

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 41 of the 41 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Effects of sleep and arousal on the processing of visual information in the cat

Livingstone, Margaret S., Hubel, David H.·1981·Nature

Open this paper in CoChat — free account

Abstract

Single units in the cat lateral geniculate nucleus and primary visual cortex show changes in both spontaneous and visually evoked firing as a function of the state of wakefulness. On arousal spontaneous firing is smoother and often reduced, whereas evoked responses are usually enhanced; the result is an increase in the signal-to-noise ratio. Single- and double-label 2-deoxyglucose autoradiographs show further that slow-wave sleep differentially depresses visually evoked activity in the deeper layers of the visual cortex.

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1038/291554a0

Cites

41 of 41 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Recomputing p-values needs the paper’s full text.

Claims the paper makes

This paper’s full text isn’t openly available, so its claims and self-check weren’t run. The registry and citation checks still apply.

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

Receptive fields, binocular interaction and functional architecture in the cat’s visual cortex
Hubel, D. H., & Wiesel, T. N. (1962) · The Journal of Physiology · doi:10.1113/jphysiol.1962.sp006837 · Cited by 13,680
Self-citation
Receptive fields and functional architecture of monkey striate cortex
Hubel, D. H., & Wiesel, T. N. (1968) · The Journal of Physiology · doi:10.1113/jphysiol.1968.sp008455 · Cited by 6,685
Self-citation
THE [ 14 C]DEOXYGLUCOSE METHOD FOR THE MEASUREMENT OF LOCAL CEREBRAL GLUCOSE UTILIZATION: THEORY, PROCEDURE, AND NORMAL VALUES IN THE CONSCIOUS AND ANESTHETIZED ALBINO RAT 1
Sokoloff, L., Reivich, M., Kennedy, C., Rosiers, M. H. D., Patlak, C. S., Pettigrew, K. D., Sakurada, O., & Shinohara, M. (1977) · Journal of Neurochemistry · doi:10.1111/j.1471-4159.1977.tb10649.x · Cited by 6,000
RECEPTIVE FIELDS AND FUNCTIONAL ARCHITECTURE IN TWO NONSTRIATE VISUAL AREAS (18 AND 19) OF THE CAT
Hubel, D. H., & Wiesel, T. N. (1965) · Journal of Neurophysiology · doi:10.1152/jn.1965.28.2.229 · Cited by 2,615
Self-citation
DISCHARGE PATTERNS AND FUNCTIONAL ORGANIZATION OF MAMMALIAN RETINA
Kuffler, S. W. (1953) · Journal of Neurophysiology · doi:10.1152/jn.1953.16.1.37 · Cited by 2,609
Visual properties of neurons in inferotemporal cortex of the Macaque.
Gross, C. G., Rocha‐Miranda, C. E., & Bender, D. B. (1972) · Journal of Neurophysiology · doi:10.1152/jn.1972.35.1.96 · Cited by 1,488
Central Catecholamine Neuron Systems: Anatomy and Physiology of the Norepinephrine and Epinephrine Systems
Moore, R. Y., & Bloom, F. E. (1979) · Annual Review of Neuroscience · doi:10.1146/annurev.ne.02.030179.000553 · Cited by 1,378
Summation and inhibition in the frog's retina
Barlow, H. B. (1953) · The Journal of Physiology · doi:10.1113/jphysiol.1953.sp004829 · Cited by 912
Dorsal raphe neurons: depression of firing during sleep in cats
McGinty, D., & Harper, R. M. (1976) · Brain Research · doi:10.1016/0006-8993(76)90480-7 · Cited by 900
Impulse activity of locus coeruleus neurons in awake rats and monkeys is a function of sensory stimulation and arousal
Foote, S. L., Aston-Jones, G., & Bloom, F. E. (1980) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.77.5.3033 · Cited by 857

Flagged first, then by citations

Show all 41 references

Research works printed but not linked: 7

Maffei, L. & Rizzolatti, C. T. Arch. ital. Biol. 103, 609–622 (1965).
Murata, K. & Kameda, K. Arch. ital. Biol. 101, 306–331 (1963).
Akimoto, H., Saito, Y. & Nakamura, Y. Neurophysiologie und Psychophysik des visuellen Systems (eds Jung, R. & Kornhuber, H.) 363–374 (Springer, Berlin, 1961).
Evarts, E. V. in Colloque International sur les Aspects Anatomo-fonctionnels de la Physiologie du Sommeil, 189–212 (Éditions du Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Paris, 1965).
Mollica, A., Moruzzi, G. & Naquet, R. EEG J. 5, 571–584 (1953).
Schlag, J. L'activité Spontanée des Cellules du Système Nerveux Central (Editions Arscia, Bruxelles, 1959).
Beniot, O. J. Physiol., Paris 56, 259–262 (1964).

Sorted by citations

The locus coeruleus–noradrenergic system: modulation of behavioral state and state-dependent cognitive processes
Berridge, C. W., & Waterhouse, B. D. (2003) · Brain Research Reviews · doi:10.1016/s0165-0173(03)00143-7 · Cited by 2,529
Nucleus locus ceruleus: new evidence of anatomical and physiological specificity
Foote, S. L., Bloom, F. E., & Aston-Jones, G. (1983) · Physiological Reviews · doi:10.1152/physrev.1983.63.3.844 · Cited by 1,901
Neural correlates of consciousness: progress and problems
Koch, C., Massimini, M., Boly, M., & Tononi, G. (2016) · Nature Reviews Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nrn.2016.22 · Cited by 1,600
Sleep and arousal: thalamocortical mechanisms
McCormick, D. A., & Bal, T. (1997) · Annual Review of Neuroscience · doi:10.1146/annurev.neuro.20.1.185 · Cited by 1,267
Neurotransmitter actions in the thalamus and cerebral cortex and their role in neuromodulation of thalamocortical activity
McCormick, D. A. (1992) · Progress in Neurobiology · doi:10.1016/0301-0082(92)90012-4 · Cited by 1,117
Properties of a hyperpolarization‐activated cation current and its role in rhythmic oscillation in thalamic relay neurones.
McCormick, D. A., & Pape, H. (1990) · The Journal of Physiology · doi:10.1113/jphysiol.1990.sp018331 · Cited by 1,140
Visual routines
Ullman, S. (1984) · Cognition · doi:10.1016/0010-0277(84)90023-4 · Cited by 1,045
The statistical reliability of signals in single neurons in cat and monkey visual cortex
Tolhurst, D. J., Movshon, J. A., & Dean, A. F. (1983) · Vision Research · doi:10.1016/0042-6989(83)90200-6 · Cited by 1,002
Arousal and Locomotion Make Distinct Contributions to Cortical Activity Patterns and Visual Encoding
Vinck, M., Batista-Brito, R., Knoblich, U., & Cardin, J. A. (2015) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2015.03.028 · Cited by 819
Waking state: rapid variations modulate neural and behavioral responses
McGinley, M. J., Vinck, M., Reimer, J., Batista-Brito, R., Zagha, E., Cadwell, C. R., Tolias, A. S., Cardin, J. A., & McCormick, D. A. (2015) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2015.09.012 · Cited by 801
“The degradation of sensory responses by slow wave sleep and anesthesia, in comparison to waking, are well known (e.g. (Livingstone and Hubel, 1981; Marguet and Harris, 2011)).”
Influential
The thalamus as a neuronal oscillator
Steriade, M., & Deschênes, M. (1984) · Brain Research Reviews · doi:10.1016/0165-0173(84)90017-1 · Cited by 916
Vigilance, alertness, or sustained attention: physiological basis and measurement
Oken, B. S., Salinsky, M. C., & Elsas, S. M. (2006) · Clinical Neurophysiology · doi:10.1016/j.clinph.2006.01.017 · Cited by 887
Restoration of brain energy metabolism as the function of sleep
Benington, J. H., & Heller, H. C. (1995) · Progress in Neurobiology · doi:10.1016/0301-0082(94)00057-o · Cited by 828
Corticothalamic resonance, states of vigilance and mentation
Steriade, M. (2000) · Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/s0306-4522(00)00353-5 · Cited by 836
Increased Attention Enhances Both Behavioral and Neuronal Performance
Spitzer, H., Desimone, R., & Moran, J. (1988) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.3353728 · Cited by 815
Neuronal activities in brain-stem cholinergic nuclei related to tonic activation processes in thalamocortical systems
Steriade, M., Datta, S., Paré, D., Oakson, G., & Dossi, R. C. (1990) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.10-08-02541.1990 · Cited by 775
Sensorimotor mismatch signals in primary visual cortex of the behaving mouse
Keller, G. B., Bonhoeffer, T., & Hübener, M. (2012) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2012.03.040 · Cited by 668
“Activity in visual cortex of anesthetized (Hubel and Wiesel, 1962, 1968; Niell and Stryker, 2008), awake paralyzed (Livingstone and Hubel, 1981), and awake fixating (Wurtz, 1969) animals has been shown to closely reflect the visual stimuli presented to the animal.”
A Network Model of Catecholamine Effects: Gain, Signal-to-Noise Ratio, and Behavior
Servan‐Schreiber, D., Printz, H., & Cohen, J. D. (1990) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.2392679 · Cited by 783
Functional organization of thalamocortical relays
Sherman, S. M., & Guillery, R. W. (1996) · Journal of Neurophysiology · doi:10.1152/jn.1996.76.3.1367 · Cited by 762
“…as responsive to states of arousal, wakefulness, and sleep, modifying its outputs to the cerebral cortex in accordance with states of consciousness (Livingstone and Hubel 1981; McCarley et al. 1983; Steriade 1992; Steriade and Contreras 1995; Steriade and McCarley 1990; Steriade et al. 1993 ) .”
Background
Effects of lesions to ascending noradrenergic neurones on performance of a 5-choice serial reaction task in rats; implications for theories of dorsal noradrenergic bundle function based on selective attention and arousal
Carli, M., Robbins, T. W., Evenden, J. L., & Everitt, B. J. (1983) · Behavioural Brain Research · doi:10.1016/0166-4328(83)90138-9 · Cited by 736
Tonic and burst firing: dual modes of thalamocortical relay.
Sherman, S. (2001) · Trends in Neurosciences · doi:10.1016/s0166-2236(00)01714-8 · Cited by 796
Cortical membrane potential signature of optimal states for sensory signal detection
McGinley, M. J., David, S. V., & McCormick, D. A. (2015) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2015.05.038 · Cited by 728
“Auditory Cortical and Thalamic Sound Responses are Optimal at Intermediate Arousal Given that sensory neural activity is known to be highly state dependent (Atiani et al., 2009; Fontanini and Katz, 2008; Issa and Wang, 2011; Livingstone and Hubel, 1981; Marguet and Harris, 2011; Niell and Stryker, 2010; Otazu et al.,…”
Background
Norepinephrine ignites local hotspots of neuronal excitation: How arousal amplifies selectivity in perception and memory
Mather, M., Clewett, D., Sakaki, M., & Harley, C. W. (2016) · Behavioral and Brain Sciences · doi:10.1017/s0140525x15000667 · Cited by 695
A model of the electrophysiological properties of thalamocortical relay neurons
McCormick, D. A., & Huguenard, J. R. (1992) · Journal of Neurophysiology · doi:10.1152/jn.1992.68.4.1384 · Cited by 648
The origins of cholinergic and other subcortical afferents to the thalamus in the rat
Hallanger, A. E., Levey, A. I., Lee, H. J., Rye, D. B., & Wainer, B. H. (1987) · The Journal of Comparative Neurology · doi:10.1002/cne.902620109 · Cited by 595
Noradrenaline blocks accommodation of pyramidal cell discharge in the hippocampus
Madison, D. V., & Nicoll, R. A. (1982) · Nature · doi:10.1038/299636a0 · Cited by 581
Cellular bases of neocortical activation: modulation of neural oscillations by the nucleus basalis and endogenous acetylcholine
Metherate, R., Cox, C. L., & Ashe, J. H. (1992) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.12-12-04701.1992 · Cited by 575
Form, function and intracortical projections of spiny neurones in the striate visual cortex of the cat.
Martin, K. A. C., & Whitteridge, D. (1984) · The Journal of Physiology · doi:10.1113/jphysiol.1984.sp015347 · Cited by 529
Sleep Enhances Plasticity in the Developing Visual Cortex
Frank, M. G., Issa, N. P., & Stryker, M. P. (2001) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/s0896-6273(01)00279-3 · Cited by 523
The control of retinogeniculate transmission in the mammalian lateral geniculate nucleus
Sherman, S. M., & Christof Koch, A. (1986) · Experimental Brain Research · doi:10.1007/bf00235642 · Cited by 513
“Livingstone and Hubel (1981) report that geniculate neurons exhibit increased spontaneous firing rates and enhanced responses to optimal visual stimuli during arousal (see also Coenen and Vendrik 1972; McCarley et al. 1983).”
Background
Regular patchy distribution of cytochrome oxidase staining in primary visual cortex of macaque monkey
Horton, J. C., & Hubel, D. H. (1981) · Nature · doi:10.1038/292762a0 · Cited by 503
Self-citation
Corticothalamic activation modulates thalamic firing through glutamate "metabotropic" receptors.
McCormick, D. A., & von Krosigk, M. (1992) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.89.7.2774 · Cited by 500
Cholinergic and noradrenergic modulation of thalamocortical processing
McCormick, D. A. (1989) · Trends in Neurosciences · doi:10.1016/0166-2236(89)90125-2 · Cited by 488
Cognitive and Perceptual Functions of the Visual Thalamus
Saalmann, Y. B., & Kästner, S. (2011) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2011.06.027 · Cited by 461
“Instead, burst firing was shown to be common during sleep (Livingstone and Hubel, 1981; Steriade et al., 1993) and thus a possible role for bursts during wakefulness was not apparent.”
State dependent activity in monkey visual cortex
Haenny, P. E., & Schiller, P. H. (1988) · Experimental Brain Research · doi:10.1007/bf00247569 · Cited by 451
“It has now been amply demonstrated that attentional factors play an important role in defining both behavioral threshold sensitivity and single cell responsivity in various parts of the visual system including the prelunate area (Fischer et al. 1981; Livingstone and Hubel 1981; Robinson et al. 1980).”
Background
Rapid Neocortical Dynamics: Cellular and Network Mechanisms
Haider, B., & McCormick, D. A. (2009) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2009.04.008 · Cited by 441
Thalamus Modulates Consciousness via Layer-Specific Control of Cortex
Redinbaugh, M. J., Phillips, J. M., Kambi, N. A., Mohanta, S., Andryk, S., Dooley, G. L., Afrasiabi, M., Raz, A., & Saalmann, Y. B. (2020) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2020.01.005 · Cited by 391
Noradrenaline and serotonin selectively modulate thalamic burst firing by enhancing a hyperpolarization-activated cation current
Pape, H., & McCormick, D. A. (1989) · Nature · doi:10.1038/340715a0 · Cited by 429
Noradrenergic and serotonergic modulation of a hyperpolarization‐activated cation current in thalamic relay neurones.
McCormick, D. A., & Pape, H. (1990) · The Journal of Physiology · doi:10.1113/jphysiol.1990.sp018332 · Cited by 422
Sensory gating mechanisms of the thalamus
McCormick, D. A., & Bal, T. (1994) · Current Opinion in Neurobiology · doi:10.1016/0959-4388(94)90056-6 · Cited by 392
Noradrenergic and serotoninergic innervation of cortical, thalamic, and tectal visual structures in old and new world monkeys
Morrison, J. H., & Foote, S. L. (1986) · The Journal of Comparative Neurology · doi:10.1002/cne.902430110 · Cited by 392
Actions of noradrenaline recorded intracellularly in rat hippocampal CA1 pyramidal neurones, in vitro.
Madison, D. V., & Nicoll, R. A. (1986) · The Journal of Physiology · doi:10.1113/jphysiol.1986.sp016006 · Cited by 391
Cholinergic modulation of the functional organization of the cat visual cortex
Sillito, A. M., & Kemp, J. A. (1983) · Brain Research · doi:10.1016/0006-8993(83)90015-x · Cited by 387
Pulvinar-Cortex Interactions in Vision and Attention
Zhou, H., Schafer, R. J., & Desimone, R. (2016) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2015.11.034 · Cited by 384
“Baseline firing rates in V4 and IT were also higher following pulvinar deactivation, as has been reported in visual cortex during sleep (Livingstone and Hubel, 1981).”
How well do we understand the neural origins of the fMRI BOLD signal?
Arthurs, O. J., & Boniface, S. J. (2002) · Trends in Neurosciences · doi:10.1016/s0166-2236(00)01995-0 · Cited by 376
Actions of acetylcholine in the guinea‐pig and cat medial and lateral geniculate nuclei, in vitro.
McCormick, D. A., & Prince, D. A. (1987) · The Journal of Physiology · doi:10.1113/jphysiol.1987.sp016774 · Cited by 354
Intrathalamic rhythmicity studied in vitro: nominal T-current modulation causes robust antioscillatory effects
Huguenard, J., & Prince, D. A. (1994) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.14-09-05485.1994 · Cited by 347
Circulatory and Metabolic Correlates of Brain Function in Normal Humans
Raichle, M. E. (1987) · Comprehensive physiology · doi:10.1002/cphy.cp010516 · Cited by 333
Encoding of Visual Information by LGN Bursts
Reinagel, P., Godwin, D. W., Sherman, S. M., & Christof Koch, A. (1999) · Journal of Neurophysiology · doi:10.1152/jn.1999.81.5.2558 · Cited by 329
“Under some conditions, such as low arousal or sleep, LGN cells become uncoupled from retinal input (Coenen and Vendrik 1972; Fourment et al. 1984; Livingstone and Hubel 1981).”
Background
Subcortical Aphasia
Nadeau, S. E., & Crosson, B. (1997) · Brain and Language · doi:10.1006/brln.1997.1707 · Cited by 326
State-dependent architecture of thalamic reticular subnetworks
Halassa, M. M., Chen, Z., Wimmer, R. D., Brunetti, P. M., Zhao, S., Zikopoulos, B., Wang, F., Brown, E. N., & Wilson, M. A. (2014) · Cell · doi:10.1016/j.cell.2014.06.025 · Cited by 309
“…studies have delineated cortical mechanisms by which processing of sensory information is broadly suppressed during sleep (Issa and Wang, 2011; Livingstone and Hubel, 1981) but is enhanced in active waking (Livingstone and Hubel, 1981) and attentional states (Briggs et al., 2013; Desimone and…”
Beta activity: a carrier for visual attention
Wróbel, A. (2000) · Acta Neurobiologiae Experimentalis · doi:10.55782/ane-2000-1344 · Cited by 324
“1991 ) since all experiments were carried out on anesthetized animals and the cells in layer 6 become actiye only after waking up , as shown by Livingston and Hubel ( 1981 ) .”
Background
Mechanisms underlying gain modulation in the cortex
Ferguson, K. A., & Cardin, J. A. (2020) · Nature Reviews Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/s41583-019-0253-y · Cited by 327
Functional implications of burst firing and single spike activity in lateral geniculate relay neurons
McCormick, D. A., & Feeser, H. R. (1990) · Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/0306-4522(90)90225-s · Cited by 321
The role of noradrenaline in tuning and dopamine in switching between signals in the CNS
Oades, R. D. (1985) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/0149-7634(85)90050-8 · Cited by 304
Response variability of neurons in primary visual cortex (V1) of alert monkeys
Gur, M., Beylin, A., & Snodderly, D. M. (1997) · The Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.17-08-02914.1997 · Cited by 277
“Uncontrolled fluctuations in responsiveness can be caused by sleep or anesthesia for neurons in the LGN (Maffei and Rizzolatti, 1965; Coenen and Vendric, 1972) and visual cortex (Bartlett and Doty, 1974; Ikeda and Wright, 1974; Livingstone and Hubel, 1981), and prolonged paralysis has similar effects (Mountcastle et a…”
Cerebral glucose utilization during sleep-wake cycle in man determined by positron emission tomography and [18F]2-fluoro-2-deoxy-d-glucose method
Maquet, P., Dive, D., Salmon, E., Sadzot, B., Franco, G., Poirrier, R., von Frenckell, R., & Franck, G. (1990) · Brain Research · doi:10.1016/0006-8993(90)91099-3 · Cited by 292
Subthreshold mechanisms underlying state-dependent modulation of visual responses
Bennett, C., Arroyo, S., & Hestrin, S. (2013) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2013.08.007 · Cited by 292
Lapsing during Sleep Deprivation Is Associated with Distributed Changes in Brain Activation
Chee, M. W. L., Tan, J. C., Zheng, H., Parimal, S., Weissman, D. H., Zagorodnov, V., & Dinges, D. F. (2008) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.0733-08.2008 · Cited by 293
“Against this, sensory processing is attenuated when one is sleep deprived (Oken et al., 2006), and the propagation of external sensory stimuli to the cortex is blocked during sleep (Livingstone and Hubel, 1981).”
Background
Modulation of neuronal firing mode in cat and guinea pig LGNd by histamine: possible cellular mechanisms of histaminergic control of arousal
McCormick, D. A., & Williamson, A. (1991) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.11-10-03188.1991 · Cited by 284
Regional cerebral glucose metabolic rate in human sleep assessed by positron emission tomography
Buchsbaum, M. S., Gillin, J. C., Wu, J. C., Hazlett, E. A., Sicotte, N. L., Dupont, R. M., & Bunney, W. E. (1989) · Life Sciences · doi:10.1016/0024-3205(89)90021-0 · Cited by 280
Sleep Neurobiology from a Clinical Perspective
España, R. A., & Scammell, T. E. (2011) · SLEEP · doi:10.5665/sleep.1112 · Cited by 294
Acetylcholine inhibits identified interneurons in the cat lateral geniculate nucleus
McCormick, D. A., & Pape, H.-C. (1988) · Nature · doi:10.1038/334246a0 · Cited by 274
Pka mediates the effects of monoamine transmitters on the K+ current underlying the slow spike frequency adaptation in hippocampal neurons
Pedarzani, P., & Storm, J. F. (1993) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/0896-6273(93)90216-e · Cited by 272
“…attention, arousal, and modulation of sensory perception, emotions, and cognitive functions (Chu and Bloom, 1973; Foote et al., 1980; Aston-Jones and Bloom, 1981; Livingstone and Hubel, 1981; Pollard and Schwartz, 1987; Steriade and LlinBs, 11988; McCormick, 1989; Steriade and McCarley, 1990).”
Effects of neuropeptide Y on the electrical properties of neurons
Colmers, W. F., & Bleakman, D. (1994) · Trends in Neurosciences · doi:10.1016/0166-2236(94)90046-9 · Cited by 264
The response of neurons in areas V1 and MT of the alert rhesus monkey to moving random dot patterns
Snowden, R. J., Treue, S., & Andersen, R. A. (1992) · Experimental Brain Research · doi:10.1007/bf02259114 · Cited by 263
“The use of anesthetics has been previously shown to reduce the activity of cells (Livingstone and Hubel 1981).”
Background
Neuronal Computations with Stochastic Network States
Alain Destexhe, A., & Contreras, D. (2006) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1127241 · Cited by 257
Neuronal Basis of Behavioral State Control
Hobson, J. A., & Steriade, M. (1986) · Comprehensive physiology · doi:10.1002/cphy.cp010414 · Cited by 256
Specificity and Strength of Retinogeniculate Connections
Usrey, W. M., Reppas, J. B., & Reid, R. C. (1999) · Journal of Neurophysiology · doi:10.1152/jn.1999.82.6.3527 · Cited by 254
Multiple output pathways of the basal forebrain: organization, chemical heterogeneity, and roles in vigilance
Semba, K. (2000) · Behavioural Brain Research · doi:10.1016/s0166-4328(00)00254-0 · Cited by 250
The Basal Forebrain Corticopetal System Revisited
Záborszky, L., Pang, K. C. H., Somogyi, J., Nádasdy, Z., & Kalló, I. (1999) · Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.1999.tb09276.x · Cited by 244
Interactions Between Membrane Conductances Underlying Thalamocortical Slow-Wave Oscillations
DESTEXHE, A., & SEJNOWSKI, T. J. (2003) · Physiological Reviews · doi:10.1152/physrev.00012.2003 · Cited by 241
Discharge rate and excitability of cortically projecting intralaminar thalamic neurons during waking and sleep states
Glenn, L. L., & Steriade, M. (1982) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.02-10-01387.1982 · Cited by 237
“…activities is essential because certain classes of cortical and thalamic neurons are known to diminish their discharge rate or even to cease firing altogether, while the antidromicahy or synaptically evoked firing is enhanced simultaneously (Steriade et al., 1974; Livingstone and Hubel, 1981).”
Background
Synchrony in the Interconnected Circuitry of the Thalamus and Cerebral Cortex
Jones, E. G. (2009) · Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.2009.04534.x · Cited by 234
Thalamic bursting in rats during different awake behavioral states
Fanselow, E. E., Sameshima, K., Baccalá, L. A., & Nicolelis, M. A. L. (2001) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.261273898 · Cited by 236
Behavioral State Modulation of Auditory Activity in a Vocal Motor System
Dave, A. S., Yu, A. C., & Margoliash, D. (1998) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.282.5397.2250 · Cited by 230
The response variability of striate cortical neurons in the behaving monkey
Vogels, R., Spileers, W., & Orban, G. A. (1989) · Experimental Brain Research · doi:10.1007/bf00275002 · Cited by 234
Somatic evoked high-frequency magnetic oscillations reflect activity of inhibitory interneurons in the human somatosensory cortex
Hashimoto, I., Mashiko, T., & Imada, T. (1996) · Electroencephalography and Clinical Neurophysiology/Evoked Potentials Section · doi:10.1016/0168-5597(95)00244-8 · Cited by 234
Sleep Spindles
Lüthi, A. (2013) · The Neuroscientist · doi:10.1177/1073858413500854 · Cited by 233
“Early in vivo studies, some of which carried out by the Nobel Prize winner David Hubel, demonstrated that the fidelity of retinogeniculate information transfer varied with the state of arousal, and is in particular degraded during periods of drowsiness and sleep (Livingstone and Hubel 1981), when TC neurons are hyperp…”
Synaptic responsiveness of cortical and thalamic neurones during various phases of slow sleep oscillation in cat.
Timofeev, I., Contreras, D., & Steriade, M. (1996) · The Journal of Physiology · doi:10.1113/jphysiol.1996.sp021489 · Cited by 231
Encoding of Natural Scene Movies by Tonic and Burst Spikes in the Lateral Geniculate Nucleus
Lesica, N. A., & Stanley, G. B. (2004) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.3059-04.2004 · Cited by 226
“LGN bursts were first reported as part of rhythmic firing during periods of sleep or low arousal (Livingstone and Hubel, 1981; Steriade et al., 1993).”
Background
Neuronal correlates of sleep, wakefulness and arousal in a diurnal insect
Kaiser, W., & Steiner-Kaiser, J. (1983) · Nature · doi:10.1038/301707a0 · Cited by 222
Role of Ca2+Ions in Nicotinic Facilitation of GABA Release in Mouse Thalamus
Léna, C., & Changeux, J. (1997) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.17-02-00576.1997 · Cited by 218
“Functional studies in the cat visual thalamus, however, have shown that the application of acetylcholine increased the signal-to-noise ratio observed during arousal (Livingstone and Hubel, 1981; Sillito et al., 1983; Eysel et al., 1986).”
Background
Long-Term Optical Imaging and Spectroscopy Reveal Mechanisms Underlying the Intrinsic Signal and Stability of Cortical Maps in V1 of Behaving Monkeys
Shtoyerman, E., Arieli, A., Slovin, H., Vanzetta, I., & Grinvald, A. (2000) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.20-21-08111.2000 · Cited by 213
“…from the evoked electrical activity, because the observed ratio of evoked electrical response to spontaneous electrical activity in the visual cortex of awake animals is not significantly different from the ratio in lightly anesthetized animals (Livingstone and Hubel, 1981; Lamme et al., 1998).”
Background
Actions of norepinephrine in the cerebral cortex and thalamus: implications for function of the central noradrenergic system
McCormick, D. A., Pape, H.-C., & Williamson, A. (1991) · Progress in Brain Research · doi:10.1016/s0079-6123(08)63817-0 · Cited by 209
Feedback inhibition controls spike transfer in hybrid thalamic circuits
Masson, G. L., Renaud, S., Debay, D., & Bal, T. (2002) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature00825 · Cited by 208
Contrast affects the transmission of visual information through the mammalian lateral geniculate nucleus.
Kaplan, E., Purpura, K. P., & Shapley, R. M. (1987) · The Journal of Physiology · doi:10.1113/jphysiol.1987.sp016737 · Cited by 207
Cellular mechanisms underlying cholinergic and noradrenergic modulation of neuronal firing mode in the cat and guinea pig dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus
McCormick, D. A. (1992) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.12-01-00278.1992 · Cited by 206
Nucleus basalis stimulation facilitates thalamocortical synaptic transmission in the rat auditory cortex
Metherate, R., & Ashe, J. H. (1993) · Synapse · doi:10.1002/syn.890140206 · Cited by 203
Electrophysiological properties of pedunculopontine neurons and their postsynaptic responses following stimulation of substantia nigra reticulata
Kang, Y., & Kitai, S. T. (1990) · Brain Research · doi:10.1016/0006-8993(90)91826-3 · Cited by 202
Mapping of odor-related neuronal activity in the olfactory bulb by high-resolution 2-deoxyglucose autoradiography.
Lancet, D., Greer, C. A., Kauer, J. S., & Shepherd, G. M. (1982) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.79.2.670 · Cited by 202
Thalamic Ca v 3.1 T-type Ca 2 + channel plays a crucial role in stabilizing sleep
Anderson, M. P., Mochizuki, T., Xie, J., Fischler, W., Manger, J. P., Talley, E. M., Scammell, T. E., & Tonegawa, S. (2005) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.0409644102 · Cited by 201
A Theory of Dopamine Function and Its Role in Cognitive Deficits in Schizophrenia
Cohen, J. D., & Servan‐Schreiber, D. (1993) · Schizophrenia Bulletin · doi:10.1093/schbul/19.1.85 · Cited by 197
“puts, such as a light bar moving in a certain direction and with a specific orientation (Livingstone and Hubel 1981; Kasamatu and Heggelund 1982).”
Background
Burst and Tonic Response Modes in Thalamic Neurons During Sleep and Wakefulness
Weyand, T. G., Boudreaux, M., & Guido, W. (2001) · Journal of Neurophysiology · doi:10.1152/jn.2001.85.3.1107 · Cited by 199
Burst and tonic firing in thalamic cells of unanesthetized, behaving monkeys
Ramcharan, E. J., Gnadt, J., & Sherman, S. M. (2000) · Visual Neuroscience · doi:10.1017/s0952523800171056 · Cited by 196
“Because of the prevalence of rhythmic bursting during non-awake states, it was suggested that this mode of firing acts to interrupt the thalamic relay of sensory signals ( Livingstone & Hubel, 1981; Steriade & Mc-Carley, 1990; Steriade et al., 1993; Steriade & Contreras, 1995).”
Background
Modulation of rat cortical area 17 neuronal responses to moving visual stimuli during norepinephrine and serotonin microiontophoresis
Waterhouse, B. D., Azizi, S. A., Burne, R. A., & Woodward, D. J. (1990) · Brain Research · doi:10.1016/0006-8993(90)91422-d · Cited by 194
Dual response modes in lateral geniculate neurons: Mechanisms and functions
Sherman, S. M. (1996) · Visual Neuroscience · doi:10.1017/s0952523800007446 · Cited by 191
“…when the animal entered certain phases of sleep, thalamic relay cells began to burst rhythmically, and such rhythmic bursting was not seen during awake, alert states (Livingstone & Hubel, 1981; McCarley et al., 1983; Steriade & McCarley, 1990; Steriade et al., 1993; Steriade & Contreras, 1995).”
Background
State-Dependent Sensory Gating in Olfactory Cortex
Murakami, M., Kashiwadani, H., Kirino, Y., & Mori, K. (2005) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2005.02.025 · Cited by 190
Functional Organization of Area V2 in the Alert Macaque
Peterhans, E., & von der Heydt, R. (1993) · European Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1111/j.1460-9568.1993.tb00517.x · Cited by 186
Dynamics of sensory thalamocortical synaptic networks during information processing states
Castro‐Alamancos, M. A. (2004) · Progress in Neurobiology · doi:10.1016/j.pneurobio.2004.09.002 · Cited by 184
“Moreover, corticothalamic cells may be sensitive to changes in arousal (Livingstone and Hubel, 1981; Swadlow and Weyand, 1987), and corticothalamic responses evoked by sensory stimuli are clearly observed in the thalamus in lightly anesthetized animals (Temereanca and Simons, 2004).”
Background

Authors: Livingstone, M. S., & Hubel, D. H.
Affiliations: Harvard University (US)
ORCID: Livingstone, Margaret S.
Venue: Nature
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Published: 1981-06
Volume: 291
Issue: 5816
Pages: 554-561
ISSN: 0028-0836 (ISSN-L)
1476-4687
DOI: 10.1038/291554a0
OpenAlex: W2029325913
Cited by: 583
References: 41
Citations by year: 2026: 6 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 15 · 2023: 9 · 2022: 6 · 2021: 5 · 2020: 6 · 2019: 8 · 2018: 5 · 2017: 12 · 2016: 12 · 2015: 18 · 2014: 9 · 2013: 12 · 2012: 5
FWCI: 10.34
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Licence: www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
Locations: Nature (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders: National Institutes of Health (5r01ns007848-19, 5r01ey000605-43)
Topics: Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Sleep and Wakefulness Research
Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Visual perception and processing mechanisms
Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural dynamics and brain function
Keywords: sleep, arousal, visual processing, lateral geniculate nucleus, primary visual cortex, single-unit activity, spontaneous firing, visual evoked potentials, signal-to-noise ratio, slow-wave sleep, 2-deoxyglucose autoradiography, cats
MeSH terms: Action Potentials, Animals, Arousal, Autoradiography, Axonal Transport, Carbon Radioisotopes, Cats, Deoxyglucose, Evoked Potentials, Geniculate Bodies, Sleep, Tritium, Vision, Ocular, Visual Cortex, Visual Perception

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review

Effects of sleep and arousal on the processing of visual information in the cat

Abstract

Overview

Integrity signals

Verification

Claims the paper makes

Claims other papers make about this one

Citations

Cites

Cited by

Related

Metadata

Record

About these checks