Cited by 94Light effects on plantsPlant Molecular Biology ResearchPlant Parasitism and Resistance

Phytochrome Kinase Substrate 4 is phosphorylated by the phototropin 1 photoreceptor

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Demarsy, Emilie, Schepens, Isabelle, Okajima, Koji, Hersch, Micha, Bergmann, Sven, Christie, John, Shimazaki, Ken‐ichiro, Tokutomi, Satoru +1 more·2012·The EMBO Journal

Abstract

Phototropism allows plants to redirect their growth towards the light to optimize photosynthesis under reduced light conditions. Phototropin 1 (phot1) is the primary low blue light-sensing receptor triggering phototropism in Arabidopsis. Light-induced autophosphorylation of phot1, an AGC-class protein kinase, constitutes an essential step for phototropism. However, apart from the receptor itself, substrates of phot1 kinase activity are less clearly established. Phototropism is also influenced by the cryptochromes and phytochromes photoreceptors that do not provide directional information but influence the process through incompletely characterized mechanisms. Here, we show that Phytochrome Kinase Substrate 4 (PKS4), a known element of phot1 signalling, is a substrate of phot1 kinase activity in vitro that is phosphorylated in a phot1-dependent manner in vivo. PKS4 phosphorylation is transient and regulated by a type 2-protein phosphatase. Moreover, phytochromes repress the accumulation of the light-induced phosphorylated form of PKS4 showing a convergence of photoreceptor activity on this signalling element. Our physiological analyses suggest that PKS4 phosphorylation is not essential for phototropism but is part of a negative feedback mechanism.

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Crossref · 10.1038/emboj.2012.186

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  • Blue light-activated phototropin can phosphorylate ABCB19 and PKS4 to inhibit their activity and enhance phototropism.

    “Blue light-activated phototropin can phosphorylate ABCB19 and PKS4 to inhibit their activity and enhance phototropism (Christie et al., 2011; Demarsy et al., 2012).”

    From The action of enhancing weak light capture via phototropic growth and chloroplast movement in plants (2022) · cites this paper as Demarsy et al., 2012

    The Abstract reports that blue-light receptor phot1 phosphorylates PKS4. But the section “Phosphorylation of PKS4 negatively regulates phototropism” says phosphorylated PKS4 is a negative regulator, not that its phosphorylation enhances phototropism; it also does not establish inhibition of PKS4’s activity. ABCB19 is associated with the separate Christie et al. citation. (LLM, conf=0.90)

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  • Blue light can activate PHOT1 and convert PKS4 into phosphorylated PKS4L, and phytochrome can promote dephosphorylation of PKS4L; PKS4L can inhibit phototropism; therefore, phytochrome-promoted dephosphorylation of PKS4L may enhance phototropism.

    “Blue light can activate PHOT1 and convert PKS4 into phosphorylated PKS4L, and phytochrome can promote dephosphorylation of PKS4L. PKS4L can inhibit phototropism; therefore, phytochrome-promoted dephosphorylation of PKS4L may enhance phototropism (Fig. 1B) (Demarsy et al., 2012).”

    From The action of enhancing weak light capture via phototropic growth and chloroplast movement in plants (2022) · cites this paper as Demarsy et al., 2012

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  • Only two substrates have been identified for phototropin kinases: ABCB19 and PKS4 involved in regulating hypocotyl phototropism.

    “Currently, only two substrates have been identified for phototropin kinases: ATP-binding cassette B19 (ABCB19) and PHYTOCHROME KINASE SUBSTRATE 4 (PKS4) involved in regulating hypocotyl phototropism (Christie et al., 2011; Demarsy et al., 2012).”

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Authors
Demarsy, E., Schepens, I., Okajima, K., Hersch, M., Bergmann, S., Christie, J., Shimazaki, K., Tokutomi, S., & Fankhauser, C.
Affiliations
  • University of Lausanne (CH)
  • Osaka Prefecture University (JP)
  • SIB Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics (CH)
  • University of Glasgow (GB)
  • Kyushu University (JP)
Corresponding author
Fankhauser, Christian
Venue
The EMBO Journal
Published
2012-07-10
Volume
31
Issue
16
Pages
3457-3467
ISSN
  • 0261-4189 (ISSN-L)
  • 1460-2075
OpenAlex
W2126646286
Cited by
94
References
65
Citations by year
2026: 4 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 7 · 2022: 7 · 2021: 8 · 2020: 4 · 2019: 7 · 2018: 5 · 2017: 7 · 2016: 10 · 2015: 9 · 2014: 7 · 2013: 10 · 2012: 3
FWCI
10.57
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • The EMBO Journal (publishedVersion)
  • Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • SERVAL (Université de Lausanne) (acceptedVersion, other-oa)
  • IRIS (submittedVersion)
  • ENLIGHTEN (Jurnal Bimbingan dan Konseling Islam) (submittedVersion)
Funders
  • National Science Foundation
  • Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (22120005)
  • Schweizerischer Nationalfonds zur Förderung der Wissenschaftlichen Forschung (3100A0, 112638)
  • Université de Lausanne
Topics
  • Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Plant Science › Light effects on plants
  • Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Plant Science › Plant Molecular Biology Research
  • Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Plant Science › Plant Parasitism and Resistance
Keywords
phototropism, phototropin 1, protein phosphorylation, AGC protein kinases, phytochrome, cryptochrome, negative feedback, Arabidopsis thaliana
MeSH terms
Phosphoproteins, Phosphorylation, Protein Processing, Post-Translational, Signal Transduction, Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases, Arabidopsis, Arabidopsis Proteins, Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins, Phototrophic Processes

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