Role of the phytochrome and cryptochrome signaling pathways in hypocotyl phototropism: Role of phy and cry in phototropism
Abstract
Unilateral blue-light irradiation activates phototropin (phot) photoreceptors, resulting in asymmetric distribution of the phytohormone auxin and induction of a phototropic response in higher plants. Other photoreceptors, including phytochrome (phy) and cryptochrome (cry), have been proposed as modulators of phototropic responses. We show here that either phy or cry is required for hypocotyl phototropism in Arabidopsis thaliana under high fluence rates of blue light, and that constitutive expression of ROOT PHOTOTROPISM 2 (RPT2) and treatment with the phytohormone gibberellin (GA) biosynthesis inhibitor paclobutrazol partially and independently complement the non-phototropic hypocotyl phenotype of the phyA cry1 cry2 mutant under high fluence rates of blue light. Our results indicate that induction of RPT2 and reduction in the GA are crucial for hypocotyl phototropic regulation by phy and cry. We also show that GA suppresses hypocotyl bending via destabilization of DELLA transcriptional regulators under darkness, but does not suppress the phototropic response in the presence of either phyA or cryptochromes, suggesting that these photoreceptors control not only the GA content but also the GA sensing and/or signaling that affects hypocotyl phototropism. The metabolic and signaling regulation of not only auxin but also GA by photoreceptors therefore appears to determine the hypocotyl growth pattern, including phototropic and gravitropic responses and inhibition of hypocotyl elongation, for adaptation to various light environments.
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In etiolated Arabidopsis seedlings, phytochromes and cryptochromes mediate red- and blue light-induced RPT2 expression, respectively, and affect phototropism by regulating RPT2 expression.
“In etiolated Arabidopsis seedlings, phytochromes and cryptochromes mediate red- and blue light-induced RPT2 expression, respectively, and affect phototropism by regulating RPT2 expression (Sakai et al., 2000; Tsuchida-Mayama et al., 2010).”
From The action of enhancing weak light capture via phototropic growth and chloroplast movement in plants (2022) · cites this paper as Tsuchida-Mayama et al., 2010
Mutating both phytochromes and cryptochromes in Arabidopsis resulted in severe phototropism loss, suggesting that, in addition to phototropin, phytochromes and cryptochromes are involved in regulating phototropism in plants.
“Mutating both phytochromes and cryptochromes in Arabidopsis resulted in severe phototropism loss (Ohgishi et al., 2004; Tsuchida-Mayama et al., 2010; Zhao et al., 2020), suggesting that, in addition to phototropin, phytochromes and cryptochromes are involved in regulating phototropism in plants.”
From The action of enhancing weak light capture via phototropic growth and chloroplast movement in plants (2022) · cites this paper as Tsuchida-Mayama et al., 2010
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“In etiolated Arabidopsis seedlings, phytochromes and cryptochromes mediate red- and blue light-induced RPT2 expression, respectively, and affect phototropism by regulating RPT2 expression (Sakai et al., 2000; Tsuchida-Mayama et al., 2010).”
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- Authors
- Tsuchida-Mayama, T., Sakai, T., Hanada, A., Uehara, Y., Asami, T., & Yamaguchi, S.
- Affiliations
- Japan Science and Technology Agency (JP)
- RIKEN (JP)
- The University of Tokyo (JP)
- Corresponding author
- Sakai, Tatsuya
- Venue
- The Plant Journal
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2010-02-24
- Volume
- 62
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 653-662
- ISSN
- 0960-7412 (ISSN-L)
- 1365-313X
- OpenAlex
- W2113138120
- Cited by
- 79
- References
- 50
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 5 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 5 · 2021: 5 · 2020: 7 · 2019: 3 · 2018: 5 · 2017: 3 · 2016: 3 · 2015: 3 · 2014: 6 · 2013: 8 · 2012: 8
- FWCI
- 9.62
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- The Plant Journal (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Arizona Biomedical Research Commission
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Plant Science › Light effects on plants
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Plant Science › Plant Molecular Biology Research
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Plant Science › Plant Parasitism and Resistance
- Keywords
- phytochrome, cryptochrome, photoreceptors, auxin, gibberellin, Rpt2, paclobutrazol, blue light, gravitropism, Arabidopsis thaliana
- MeSH terms
- Gibberellins, Phytochrome, Signal Transduction, Arabidopsis, Phototropism, Hypocotyl, Arabidopsis Proteins, Cryptochromes
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