phot1 Inhibition of ABCB19 Primes Lateral Auxin Fluxes in the Shoot Apex Required For Phototropism
Open accessAbstract
It is well accepted that lateral redistribution of the phytohormone auxin underlies the bending of plant organs towards light. In monocots, photoreception occurs at the shoot tip above the region of differential growth. Despite more than a century of research, it is still unresolved how light regulates auxin distribution and where this occurs in dicots. Here, we establish a system in Arabidopsis thaliana to study hypocotyl phototropism in the absence of developmental events associated with seedling photomorphogenesis. We show that auxin redistribution to the epidermal sites of action occurs at and above the hypocotyl apex, not at the elongation zone. Within this region, we identify the auxin efflux transporter ATP-BINDING CASSETTE B19 (ABCB19) as a substrate target for the photoreceptor kinase PHOTOTROPIN 1 (phot1). Heterologous expression and physiological analyses indicate that phosphorylation of ABCB19 by phot1 inhibits its efflux activity, thereby increasing auxin levels in and above the hypocotyl apex to halt vertical growth and prime lateral fluxes that are subsequently channeled to the elongation zone by PIN-FORMED 3 (PIN3). Together, these results provide new insights into the roles of ABCB19 and PIN3 in establishing phototropic curvatures and demonstrate that the proximity of light perception and differential phototropic growth is conserved in angiosperms.
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Only two substrates have been identified for phototropin kinases: ABCB19 and PKS4 involved in regulating hypocotyl phototropism.
“Currently, only two substrates have been identified for phototropin kinases: ATP-binding cassette B19 (ABCB19) and PHYTOCHROME KINASE SUBSTRATE 4 (PKS4) involved in regulating hypocotyl phototropism (Christie et al., 2011; Demarsy et al., 2012).”
From The action of enhancing weak light capture via phototropic growth and chloroplast movement in plants (2022) · cites this paper as Christie et al., 2011
The Results (‘phot1 Inhibits B19 Transporter Activity’; page not supplied) report increased ABCB19 phosphorylation in the presence of phot1, supporting ABCB19 as a likely substrate. The Discussion (‘Lateral Auxin Translocation Processes’; page not supplied) links the PKS family to phototropic curvature but does not identify PKS4 as a phototropin kinase substrate or establish that only two substrates had been identified. (LLM, conf=0.87)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredBlue light-activated phototropin can phosphorylate ABCB19 and PKS4 to inhibit their activity and enhance phototropism.
“Blue light-activated phototropin can phosphorylate ABCB19 and PKS4 to inhibit their activity and enhance phototropism (Christie et al., 2011; Demarsy et al., 2012).”
From The action of enhancing weak light capture via phototropic growth and chloroplast movement in plants (2022) · cites this paper as Christie et al., 2011
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The action of enhancing weak light capture via phototropic growth and chloroplast movement in plants
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- Authors
- Christie, J. M., Yang, H., Richter, G. L., Sullivan, S., Thomson, C. E., Lin, J., Titapiwatanakun, B., Ennis, M., Kaiserli, E., Lee, O. R., Adamec, J., Peer, W. A., & Murphy, A. S.
- Affiliations
- University of Glasgow (GB)
- Purdue University West Lafayette (US)
- Corresponding author
- Christie, John M.
- Murphy, Angus S.
- ORCID
- Venue
- PLoS Biology
- Publisher
- Public Library of Science (PLoS)
- Published
- 2011-06-07
- Volume
- 9
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- e1001076
- ISSN
- 1544-9173 (ISSN-L)
- 1545-7885
- PMC
- PMC3110179
- OpenAlex
- W2123651243
- Cited by
- 245
- References
- 45
- Citations by year
- 2026: 8 · 2025: 7 · 2024: 16 · 2023: 6 · 2022: 11 · 2021: 17 · 2020: 13 · 2019: 8 · 2018: 16 · 2017: 14 · 2016: 14 · 2015: 16 · 2014: 35 · 2013: 28 · 2012: 32
- FWCI
- 38.18
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Locations
- PLoS Biology (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- ENLIGHTEN (Jurnal Bimbingan dan Konseling Islam) (acceptedVersion)
- Lincoln (University of Nebraska) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Purdue e-Pubs (Purdue University System) (submittedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Figshare (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Funders
- National Science Foundation (0820648)
- U.S. Department of Energy (DE‐FG02‐, FG02-06ER15804)
- Royal Society
- Directorate for Biological Sciences
- Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (BB/C000366/1)
- Chemical Sciences, Geosciences, and Biosciences Division (DE-FG02)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Plant Science › Light effects on plants
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Plant Science › Plant Molecular Biology Research
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Plant Science › Plant Parasitism and Resistance
- Keywords
- phototropism, auxin efflux, ABCB19, phototropin 1, PIN3, hypocotyl, shoot apex, auxin redistribution, protein phosphorylation, light signaling, Arabidopsis thaliana, monocotyledons, differential growth
- MeSH terms
- Acclimatization, Biological Transport, Darkness, HeLa Cells, Humans, Indoleacetic Acids, Mutation, Phosphoproteins, Phosphorylation, Protein Binding, Recombinant Fusion Proteins, Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases, Arabidopsis, Plant Shoots, Phototropism, ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters, Hypocotyl, Arabidopsis Proteins, Green Fluorescent Proteins
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