The emerging family of CULLIN3-RING ubiquitin ligases (CRL3s): cellular functions and disease implications
Open accessAbstract
Protein ubiquitylation is a post-translational modification that controls all aspects of eukaryotic cell functionality, and its defective regulation is manifested in various human diseases. The ubiquitylation process requires a set of enzymes, of which the ubiquitin ligases (E3s) are the substrate recognition components. Modular CULLIN-RING ubiquitin ligases (CRLs) are the most prevalent class of E3s, comprising hundreds of distinct CRL complexes with the potential to recruit as many and even more protein substrates. Best understood at both structural and functional levels are CRL1 or SCF (SKP1/CUL1/F-box protein) complexes, representing the founding member of this class of multimeric E3s. Another CRL subfamily, called CRL3, is composed of the molecular scaffold CULLIN3 and the RING protein RBX1, in combination with one of numerous BTB domain proteins acting as substrate adaptors. Recent work has firmly established CRL3s as major regulators of different cellular and developmental processes as well as stress responses in both metazoans and higher plants. In humans, functional alterations of CRL3s have been associated with various pathologies, including metabolic disorders, muscle, and nerve degeneration, as well as cancer. In this review, we summarize recent discoveries on the function of CRL3s in both metazoans and plants, and discuss their mode of regulation and specificities.
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Self-citationCSN- and CAND1-dependent remodelling of the budding yeast SCF complex
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A Dual E3 Mechanism for Rub1 Ligation to Cdc53
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Microtubule-associated protein 1B
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CAND1-Mediated Substrate Adaptor Recycling Is Required for Efficient Repression of Nrf2 by Keap1
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Molecular and functional characterization of Arabidopsis Cullin 3A
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Self-citationLarge-scale detection of ubiquitination substrates using cell extracts and protein microarrays
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Pcif1 modulates Pdx1 protein stability and pancreatic β cell function and survival in mice
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Kelch-like homologue 9 mutation is associated with an early onset autosomal dominant distal myopathy
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Selective proteolysis sets the tempo of the cell cycle
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Arabidopsis <i>CUL3A</i> and <i>CUL3B</i> genes are essential for normal embryogenesis
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Self-citationThe Cullin7 E3 ubiquitin ligase: A novel player in growth control
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Cullin-3 regulates late endosome maturation
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Phototropism: Mechanism and Outcomes
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Thu, K. L., Pikor, L. A., Chari, R., Wilson, I. M., MacAulay, C. E., English, J. C., Tsao, M., Gazdar, A. F., Lam, S. C., Lam, W. L., et al. (2011) · Journal of Thoracic Oncology · doi:10.1097/jto.0b013e3182289479 · Cited by 60 · see citing works
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A Role for Saccharomyces cerevisiae Cul8 Ubiquitin Ligase in Proper Anaphase Progression
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Molecular organization of the cullin E3 ligase adaptor KCTD11
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Cyclin D–CDK4 kinase destabilizes PD-L1 via cullin 3–SPOP to control cancer immune surveillance
Zhang, J., Bu, X., Wang, H., Zhu, Y., Geng, Y., Nihira, N. T., Tan, Y., Ci, Y., Wu, F., Dai, X., et al. (2018) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature25015 · Cited by 1,013 · see citing works
RETRACTED ARTICLE: A mechanism for the suppression of homologous recombination in G1 cells
Orthwein, A., Noordermeer, S. M., Wilson, M. D., Landry, S., Enchev, R. I., Sherker, A., Munro, M., Pinder, J., Salsman, J., Dellaire, G., et al. (2015) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature16142 · Cited by 471 · see citing works
RetractedBuilding and remodelling Cullin–RING E3 ubiquitin ligases
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Yan, Z., & Rein, B. (2022) · Molecular Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/s41380-021-01092-3 · Cited by 300 · see citing works
“Another identi fi ed high-risk factor for autism is the Cullin 3 ( Cul3 ) gene [141], which encodes a core component of the E3 ubiquitin ligase complex that mediates proteasomal degradation [149].”
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16p11.2 Copy Number Variations and Neurodevelopmental Disorders
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Harnessing the E3 Ligase KEAP1 for Targeted Protein Degradation
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Regulation of the CUL3 Ubiquitin Ligase by a Calcium-Dependent Co-adaptor
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KLHL39 suppresses colon cancer metastasis by blocking KLHL20-mediated PML and DAPK ubiquitination
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Structural Basis for Recruitment of DAPK1 to the KLHL20 E3 Ligase
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Cullin 3, a cellular scripter of the non-proteolytic ubiquitin code
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Self-citationArabidopsis ROOT PHOTOTROPISM2 Is a Light-Dependent Dynamic Modulator of Phototropin1
Kimura, T., Tsuchida-Mayama, T., Imai, H., Okajima, K., Ito, K., & Sakai, T. (2020) · The Plant Cell · doi:10.1105/tpc.19.00926 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
- Authors
- Genschik, P., Sumara, I., & Lechner, E.
- Affiliations
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (FR)
- Institut de génétique et de biologie moléculaire et cellulaire (FR)
- Corresponding author
- Genschik, Pascal
- Venue
- The EMBO Journal
- Published
- 2013-08-02
- Volume
- 32
- Issue
- 17
- Pages
- 2307-2320
- ISSN
- 0261-4189 (ISSN-L)
- 1460-2075
- PMC
- PMC3770339
- OpenAlex
- W2002098580
- Cited by
- 278
- References
- 132
- Citations by year
- 2026: 14 · 2025: 16 · 2024: 18 · 2023: 21 · 2022: 16 · 2021: 33 · 2020: 28 · 2019: 23 · 2018: 21 · 2017: 24 · 2016: 22 · 2015: 22 · 2014: 16 · 2013: 4
- FWCI
- 2.01
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Licence
- Locations
- The EMBO Journal (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- HAL (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale
- Fondation ARC pour la Recherche sur le Cancer
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Ubiquitin and proteasome pathways
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Protein Degradation and Inhibitors
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Genetic Neurodegenerative Diseases
- Keywords
- CUL3, E3 ubiquitin ligase, protein ubiquitylation, BTB domain proteins, RBX1, substrate recognition, cancer, muscle degeneration, nerve degeneration, metabolic disorders, stress response
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Carrier Proteins, Humans, Metabolic Diseases, Neoplasms, Nerve Degeneration, Plant Growth Regulators, Plant Proteins, Protein Processing, Post-Translational, Stress, Physiological, Signal Transduction, Protein Structure, Tertiary, Protein Transport, Ubiquitin-Protein Ligases, Cullin Proteins, SKP Cullin F-Box Protein Ligases
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
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