RPT2: A Signal Transducer of the Phototropic Response in Arabidopsis
Open accessAbstract
The blue light receptor NPH1 (for nonphototropic hypocotyl) has been considered to be the only UV-A/blue light receptor that induces a phototropic response by the hypocotyl and root of Arabidopsis. By analysis of root phototropism (rpt) mutants, we show, however, the involvement of another blue light receptor as well as the existence of two separate signaling pathways working downstream of these receptors in the phototropic response. A newly isolated gene, RPT2, controls one of these pathways. The RPT2 gene is light inducible; encodes a novel protein with putative phosphorylation sites, a nuclear localization signal, a BTB/POZ domain, and a coiled-coil domain; and belongs to a large gene family that includes the recently isolated NPH3 gene. From genetic, physiological, and biochemical evidence, we propose a genetic model of the signaling pathways that induce the phototropic response in Arabidopsis.
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In etiolated Arabidopsis seedlings, phytochromes and cryptochromes mediate red- and blue light-induced RPT2 expression, respectively, and affect phototropism by regulating RPT2 expression.
“In etiolated Arabidopsis seedlings, phytochromes and cryptochromes mediate red- and blue light-induced RPT2 expression, respectively, and affect phototropism by regulating RPT2 expression (Sakai et al., 2000; Tsuchida-Mayama et al., 2010).”
From The action of enhancing weak light capture via phototropic growth and chloroplast movement in plants (2022) · cites this paper as Sakai et al., 2000
The RNA Gel Blot Analysis of RPT2 Expression section (page not available) reports that red and blue light induce RPT2 in etiolated seedlings. The Light Inducibility section and discussion of phytochrome (pages not available) do not establish that phytochromes and cryptochromes respectively mediate that induction or affect phototropism by regulating RPT2 expression; the latter is presented only as a possibility. (LLM, conf=0.87)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredAlthough NPH3 and RPT2 are involved in PHOT2-mediated phototropism under high-fluence blue light, RPT2 does not interact with PHOT2 in vivo.
“Although NPH3 and RPT2 are involved in PHOT2-mediated phototropism under high-fluence blue light, RPT2 does not interact with PHOT2 in vivo, and the regulatory mechanism remains unclear (Sakai et al., 2000; Lariguet et al., 2006; Zhao et al., 2013; Zhu et al., 2021a).”
From The action of enhancing weak light capture via phototropic growth and chloroplast movement in plants (2022) · cites this paper as Sakai et al., 2000
The Discussion (page unavailable) says a second photoreceptor contributes to phototropism at high blue-light fluence and describes RPT2 and NPH3 as signaling modulators. It does not identify that receptor as PHOT2 or report an in vivo test showing that RPT2 does not interact with PHOT2. The Introduction (page unavailable) also says the signaling pathways had not been elucidated. (LLM, conf=0.88)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredLow-fluence blue light can induce phototropism in rpt2 mutants but the phototropism gradually weakens with increasing blue light, indicating that RPT2 promotes phototropism in Arabidopsis under blue light.
“Low-fluence blue light can induce phototropism in rpt2 mutants but the phototropism gradually weakens with increasing blue light, indicating that RPT2 promotes phototropism in Arabidopsis under blue light (Sakai et al., 2000; Inada et al., 2004).”
From The action of enhancing weak light capture via phototropic growth and chloroplast movement in plants (2022) · cites this paper as Sakai et al., 2000
RPT2 is homologous to NPH3, and mutation in RPT2 causes Arabidopsis to lose root negative phototropism but still exhibit phototropism under low-fluence blue light.
“RPT2 is homologous to NPH3, and mutation in RPT2 causes Arabidopsis lose root negative phototropism but still exhibit phototropism under low-fluence blue light (Sakai et al., 2000).”
From The action of enhancing weak light capture via phototropic growth and chloroplast movement in plants (2022) · cites this paper as Sakai et al., 2000
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Cites
Current protocols in molecular biology
Dudley, R. K. (1988) · FEBS Letters · doi:10.1016/0014-5793(88)80264-3 · Cited by 6,037 · see citing works
Current protocols in molecular biology
(1988) · Trends in Biochemical Sciences · doi:10.1016/0968-0004(88)90131-4 · Cited by 4,234 · see citing works
Hypervariability of simple sequences as a general source for polymorphic DNA markers
Tautz, D. (1989) · Nucleic Acids Research · doi:10.1093/nar/17.16.6463 · Cited by 2,317 · see citing works
In planta Agrobacterium mediated gene transfer by infiltration of adult Arabidopsis thaliana plants
Bechtold, N., Baquero, M., Bonhomme, S., Ferault, M., Horlow, C., Laroche, L., Migdal, M., Mollier, P., Montoro, P., Roux, D., et al. (1993) · HAL · Cited by 1,774 · see citing works
A procedure for mapping Arabidopsis mutations using co‐dominant ecotype‐specific PCR‐based markers
Konieczny, A., & Ausubel, F. M. (1993) · The Plant Journal · doi:10.1046/j.1365-313x.1993.04020403.x · Cited by 1,586 · see citing works
Cao, H., Glazebrook, J., Clarke, J. D., Volko, S. M., & Dong, X. (1997) · Cell · doi:10.1016/s0092-8674(00)81858-9 · Cited by 1,572 · see citing works
The 'Power of movement in plants.'--1880.
Darwin, C. R., & Darwin, F. (1880) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/cbo9780511693670 · Cited by 1,544 · see citing works
Coiled coils: new structures and new functions.
Lupas, A. (1996) · TIBS -Trends in Biochemical Sciences. Regular ed · doi:10.1016/s0968-0004(96)10052-9 · Cited by 1,191 · see citing works
Coiled coils: new structures and new functions
Lupas, A. N. (1996) · Trends in Biochemical Sciences · doi:10.1016/0968-0004(96)10052-9 · Cited by 836 · see citing works
The POZ domain: a conserved protein-protein interaction motif.Preprint
Bardwell, V. J., & Treisman, R. (1994) · Genes & Development · doi:10.1101/gad.8.14.1664 · Cited by 749 · see citing works
Zhang, Y., Fan, W., Kinkema, M., Li, X., & Dong, X. (1999) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.96.11.6523 · Cited by 717 · see citing works
Arabidopsis NPH1: A Protein Kinase with a Putative Redox-Sensing Domain
Huala, E., Oeller, P. W., Emmanuel Liscum, A., Han, I., Larsen, E., & Briggs, W. R. (1997) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.278.5346.2120 · Cited by 706 · see citing works
Arabidopsis NPH1: A Flavoprotein with the Properties of a Photoreceptor for Phototropism
Christie, J. M., Reymond, P., Powell, G. K., Bernasconi, P., Raibekas, A. A., Emmanuel Liscum, A., & Briggs, W. R. (1998) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.282.5394.1698 · Cited by 589 · see citing works
Arabidopsis auxin-resistance gene AXR1 encodes a protein related to ubiquitin-activating enzyme E1
Leyser, O., Lincoln, C., Timpte, C., Lammer, D., Turner, J. C., & Estelle, M. A. (1993) · Nature · doi:10.1038/364161a0 · Cited by 531 · see citing works
Lin, C., Yang, H., Guo, H., Mockler, T. C., Chen, J., & Cashmore, A. R. (1998) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.95.5.2686 · Cited by 519 · see citing works
Mutations in the NPH1 Locus of Arabidopsis Disrupt the Perception of Phototropic Stimuli
Emmanuel Liscum, A., & Briggs, W. R. (1995) · The Plant Cell · doi:10.1105/tpc.7.4.473 · Cited by 426 · see citing works
Albagli, O., Dhordain, P., Deweindt, C., Lecocq, G., & Leprince, D. (1995) · PubMed · Cited by 377 · see citing works
<i>Arabidopsis</i> NPH3: A NPH1 Photoreceptor-Interacting Protein Essential for Phototropism
Motchoulski, A., & Liscum, E. (1999) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.286.5441.961 · Cited by 320 · see citing works
Ruegger, M. O., Dewey, E., Hobbie, L. J., Brown, D. C., Bernasconi, P., Turner, J. C., Muday, G. K., & Estelle, M. A. (1997) · The Plant Cell · doi:10.1105/tpc.9.5.745 · Cited by 307 · see citing works
Li, X., Zhang, Y., Clarke, J. D., Li, Y., & Dong, X. (1999) · Cell · doi:10.1016/s0092-8674(00)81962-5 · Cited by 262 · see citing works
Davis, S. J., Kurepa, J., & Vierstra, R. D. (1999) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.96.11.6541 · Cited by 235 · see citing works
The Transduction of Blue Light Signals in Higher Plants
Short, T. W., & Briggs, W. R. (1994) · Annual Review of Plant Physiology and Plant Molecular Biology · doi:10.1146/annurev.pp.45.060194.001043 · Cited by 199 · see citing works
Igarashi, K., Hoshino, H., Muto, A., Suwabe, N., Nishikawa, S., Nakauchi, H., & Yamamoto, M. P. (1998) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.273.19.11783 · Cited by 191 · see citing works
Aravind, L., & Koonin, E. V. (1999) · Journal of Molecular Biology · doi:10.1006/jmbi.1998.2394 · Cited by 172 · see citing works
Cryptochrome blue-light photoreceptors of Arabidopsis implicated in phototropism
Ahmad, M., Jarillo, J. A., Smirnova, O., & Cashmore, A. R. (1998) · Nature · doi:10.1038/33701 · Cited by 171 · see citing works
NPH4, a Conditional Modulator of Auxin-Dependent Differential Growth Responses in Arabidopsis
Stowe-Evans, E. L., Harper, R. M., Motchoulski, A., & Emmanuel Liscum, A. (1998) · PLANT PHYSIOLOGY · doi:10.1104/pp.118.4.1265 · Cited by 146 · see citing works
Liscum, E., & Briggs, W. R. (1996) · Plant Physiology · doi:10.1104/pp.112.1.291 · Cited by 140 · see citing works
Mutational Analysis of Root Gravitropism and Phototropism of Arabidopsis thaliana Seedlings
Okada, K., & Shimura, Y. (1992) · Australian Journal of Plant Physiology · doi:10.1071/pp9920439 · Cited by 130 · see citing works
Self-citationArabidopsis Contains at Least Four Independent Blue-Light-Activated Signal Transduction Pathways1
Lascève, G., Leymarie, J., Olney, M. A., Emmanuel Liscum, A., Christie, J. M., Vavasseur, A., & Briggs, W. R. (1999) · PLANT PHYSIOLOGY · doi:10.1104/pp.120.2.605 · Cited by 121 · see citing works
Watahiki, M. K., & Yamamoto, K. T. (1997) · PLANT PHYSIOLOGY · doi:10.1104/pp.115.2.419 · Cited by 116 · see citing works
The Phototropic Responses of Higher Plants
Briggs, W. R. (1963) · Annual Review of Plant Physiology · doi:10.1146/annurev.pp.14.060163.001523 · Cited by 112 · see citing works
The Electronic Plant Gene Register
Chen, C., Meyermans, H., Van Doorsselaere, J., Van Montagu, M., & Boerjan, W. (1998) · PLANT PHYSIOLOGY · doi:10.1104/pp.117.2.717 · Cited by 81 · see citing works
Mutations in the NPH1 Locus of Arabidopsis Disrupt the Perception of Phototropic Stimuli
Liscum, E., & Briggs, W. R. (1995) · The Plant Cell · doi:10.2307/3870084 · Cited by 75 · see citing works
Blue and Green Light-Induced Phototropism in Arabidopsis thaliana and Lactuca sativa L. Seedlings
Steinitz, B., Ren, Z., & Poff, K. L. (1985) · PLANT PHYSIOLOGY · doi:10.1104/pp.77.1.248 · Cited by 62 · see citing works
Characterization of Adaptation in Phototropism of Arabidopsis thaliana
Janoudi, A.-K., & Poff, K. L. (1991) · PLANT PHYSIOLOGY · doi:10.1104/pp.95.2.517 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
ACTION SPECTRUM FOR ENHANCEMENT OF PHOTOTROPISM BY Arabidopsis thaliana SEEDLINGS
Janoudi, A.-K., & Poff, K. L. (1992) · Photochemistry and Photobiology · doi:10.1111/j.1751-1097.1992.tb02218.x · Cited by 37 · see citing works
Ruegger, M. O., Dewey, E., Hobbie, L. J., et al. (1997) · The Plant Cell · doi:10.2307/3870429 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
Watahiki, M. K., Tatematsu, K., Fujihira, K., Yamamoto, M., & Yamamoto, K. T. (1999) · Planta · doi:10.1007/s004250050493 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
PHOTOSENSORY ADAPTATION IN ANEURAL ORGANISMS*
Galland, P. (1991) · Photochemistry and Photobiology · doi:10.1111/j.1751-1097.1991.tb02135.x · Cited by 32 · see citing works
Desensitization and Recovery of Phototropic Responsiveness in Arabidopsis thaliana
Janoudi, A.-K., & Poff, K. L. (1993) · PLANT PHYSIOLOGY · doi:10.1104/pp.101.4.1175 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Wagner, G. (1998) · Progress in botany · doi:10.1007/978-3-642-80446-5_15 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
25 Modulation of Root Growth by Physical StimuliPreprint
Okada, K., & Shimura, Y. (1994) · Cold Spring Harbor Monograph Archive · doi:10.1101/087969428.27.665 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Self-citationThe Transduction of Blue Light Signals in Higher Plants
Short, T. (1994) · Annual Review of Plant Physiology and Plant Molecular Biology · doi:10.1146/annurev.arplant.45.1.143 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Phototropin Blue-Light Receptors
Christie, J. M. (2007) · Annual Review of Plant Biology · doi:10.1146/annurev.arplant.58.032806.103951 · Cited by 937 · see citing works
Sakai, T., Kagawa, T., Kasahara, M., Swartz, T. E., Christie, J. M., Briggs, W. R., Wada, M., & Okada, K. (2001) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.101137598 · Cited by 715 · see citing works
Self-citationSequence and structural analysis of BTB domain proteins
Stogios, P. J., Downs, G. S., Jauhal, J. J., Nandra, S. K., & Privé, G. G. (2005) · Genome Biology · doi:10.1186/gb-2005-6-10-r82 · Cited by 694 · see citing works
Kagawa, T., Sakai, T., Suetsugu, N., Oikawa, K., Ishiguro, S., Kato, T., Tabata, S., Okada, K., & Wada, M. (2001) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.291.5511.2138 · Cited by 651 · see citing works
Self-citationGenschik, P., Sumara, I., & Lechner, E. (2013) · The EMBO Journal · doi:10.1038/emboj.2013.173 · Cited by 278 · see citing works
Phototropism: Growing towards an Understanding of Plant Movement
Liscum, E., Askinosie, S. K., Leuchtman, D. L., Morrow, J., Willenburg, K. T., & Coats, D. R. (2014) · The Plant Cell · doi:10.1105/tpc.113.119727 · Cited by 215 · see citing works
Inada, S., Ohgishi, M., Mayama, T., Okada, K., & Sakai, T. (2004) · The Plant Cell · doi:10.1105/tpc.019901 · Cited by 215 · see citing works
Self-citationPedmale, U. V., & Liscum, E. (2007) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.m702551200 · Cited by 169 · see citing works
Shoot phototropism in higher plants: New light through old concepts
Christie, J. M., & Murphy, A. S. (2013) · American Journal of Botany · doi:10.3732/ajb.1200340 · Cited by 152 · see citing works
Phototropism: Bending towards Enlightenment
Whippo, C. W., & Hangarter, R. P. (2006) · The Plant Cell · doi:10.1105/tpc.105.039669 · Cited by 154 · see citing works
Suetsugu, N., Kagawa, T., & Wada, M. (2005) · Plant Physiology · doi:10.1104/pp.105.067371 · Cited by 153 · see citing works
Blue light‐induced association of phototropin 2 with the Golgi apparatus
Kong, S., Suzuki, T., Tamura, K., Mochizuki, N., Hara‐Nishimura, I., & Nagatani, A. (2006) · The Plant Journal · doi:10.1111/j.1365-313x.2006.02667.x · Cited by 152 · see citing works
Roberts, D., Pedmale, U. V., Morrow, J., Sachdev, S., Lechner, E., Tang, X., Zheng, N., Hannink, M., Genschik, P., & Liscum, E. (2011) · The Plant Cell · doi:10.1105/tpc.111.087999 · Cited by 150 · see citing works
Phototropism: at the crossroads of light-signaling pathways
Goyal, A., Szarzynska, B., & Fankhauser, C. (2013) · Trends in Plant Science · doi:10.1016/j.tplants.2013.03.002 · Cited by 109 · see citing works
Lariguet, P., & Fankhauser, C. (2004) · The Plant Journal · doi:10.1111/j.1365-313x.2004.02256.x · Cited by 103 · see citing works
A Plant-Specific Protein Essential for Blue-Light-Induced Chloroplast Movements
DeBlasio, S. L., Luesse, D. L., & Hangarter, R. P. (2005) · Plant Physiology · doi:10.1104/pp.105.061887 · Cited by 102 · see citing works
Zhao, X., Wang, Y.-L., Qiao, X.-R., Wang, J., Wang, L.-D., Xu, C.-S., & Zhang, X. (2013) · Plant Physiology · doi:10.1104/pp.113.216556 · Cited by 84 · see citing works
Tsuchida-Mayama, T., Sakai, T., Hanada, A., Uehara, Y., Asami, T., & Yamaguchi, S. (2010) · The Plant Journal · doi:10.1111/j.1365-313x.2010.04180.x · Cited by 79 · see citing works
Self-citationShining Light on the Function of NPH3/RPT2-Like Proteins in Phototropin Signaling
Christie, J. M., Suetsugu, N., Sullivan, S., & Wada, M. (2018) · Plant Physiology · doi:10.1104/pp.17.00835 · Cited by 81 · see citing works
Luesse, D. R., DeBlasio, S. L., & Hangarter, R. P. (2006) · Plant Physiology · doi:10.1104/pp.106.080333 · Cited by 74 · see citing works
Haga, K., Tsuchida-Mayama, T., Yamada, M., & Sakai, T. (2015) · The Plant Cell · doi:10.1105/tpc.15.00178 · Cited by 66 · see citing works
Self-citationMapping of the phosphorylation sites on the phototropic signal transducer, NPH3
Tsuchida-Mayama, T., Nakano, M., Uehara, Y., Sano, M., Fujisawa, N., Okada, K., & Sakai, T. (2008) · Plant Science · doi:10.1016/j.plantsci.2008.03.018 · Cited by 47 · see citing works
Self-citationDeetiolation Enhances Phototropism by Modulating NON-PHOTOTROPIC HYPOCOTYL3 Phosphorylation Status
Sullivan, S., Kharshiing, E., Laird, J., Sakai, T., & Christie, J. M. (2019) · Plant Physiology · doi:10.1104/pp.19.00206 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
Self-citationZhao, X., Zhao, Q., Xu, C., Wang, J., Zhu, J., Shang, B., & Zhang, X. (2018) · Journal of Integrative Plant Biology · doi:10.1111/jipb.12639 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
Zhao, Q., Zhu, J., Li, N., Wang, X., Zhao, X., & Zhang, X. (2020) · Journal of Integrative Plant Biology · doi:10.1111/jipb.12813 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Arabidopsis ROOT PHOTOTROPISM2 Is a Light-Dependent Dynamic Modulator of Phototropin1
Kimura, T., Tsuchida-Mayama, T., Imai, H., Okajima, K., Ito, K., & Sakai, T. (2020) · The Plant Cell · doi:10.1105/tpc.19.00926 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Self-citationThe action of enhancing weak light capture via phototropic growth and chloroplast movement in plants
Xin, G.-Y., Li, L.-P., Wang, P.-T., Li, X.-Y., Han, Y.-J., & Zhao, X. (2022) · Stress Biology · doi:10.1007/s44154-022-00066-x · Cited by 17 · see citing works
“PHOT1 mediates hypocotyl phototropism under high-intensity blue light depending on RPT2 protein (Sakai et al., 2000; Inada et al., 2004), but RPT2 facilitates the adaptation of PHOT1 to high-intensity”
BackgroundStone, B. B., Esmon, C. A., & Liscum, E. (2005) · Current Topics in Developmental Biology · doi:10.1016/s0070-2153(05)66007-3 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Suetsugu, N., & Wada, M. (2017) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms18071469 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
- Authors
- Sakai, T., Wada, T., Ishiguro, S., & Okada, K.
- Affiliations
- Kyoto University (JP)
- Venue
- The Plant Cell
- Publisher
- Oxford University Press (OUP)
- Published
- 2000-02
- Volume
- 12
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 225-236
- ISSN
- 1040-4651 (ISSN-L)
- 1532-298X
- PMC
- PMC139760
- OpenAlex
- W2030060797
- Cited by
- 253
- References
- 43
- Citations by year
- 2026: 4 · 2025: 7 · 2024: 9 · 2023: 5 · 2022: 6 · 2021: 9 · 2020: 7 · 2019: 4 · 2018: 5 · 2017: 7 · 2016: 9 · 2015: 4 · 2014: 11 · 2013: 11 · 2012: 15
- FWCI
- 21.24
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- The Plant Cell (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Mitsubishi Foundation
- Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (10182101, 06278103)
- Japan Science and Technology Agency
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Plant Science › Light effects on plants
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Plant Science › Plant Molecular Biology Research
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Plant Science › Plant Parasitism and Resistance
- Keywords
- Rpt2, blue light receptor, NPH3, signal transduction, Arabidopsis thaliana, BTB/POZ domain, coiled-coil domain, nuclear localization signal, phosphorylation sites, signaling pathways, gene family
- MeSH terms
- Amino Acid Sequence, Base Sequence, Cloning, Molecular, Light, Molecular Sequence Data, Mutation, Phosphorylation, Plant Proteins, Signal Transduction, Polymerase Chain Reaction, Arabidopsis, Sequence Homology, Amino Acid, DNA, Complementary, RNA, Plant, Arabidopsis Proteins
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
