Epigenetics and gene expression
Open accessAbstract
Transcription, translation and subsequent protein modification represent the transfer of genetic information from the archival copy of DNA to the short-lived messenger RNA, usually with subsequent production of protein. Although all cells in an organism contain essentially the same DNA, cell types and functions differ because of qualitative and quantitative differences in their gene expression. Thus, control of gene expression is at the heart of differentiation and development. Epigenetic processes, including DNA methylation, histone modification and various RNA-mediated processes, are thought to influence gene expression chiefly at the level of transcription; however, other steps in the process (for example, translation) may also be regulated epigenetically. The following paper will outline the role epigenetics is believed to have in influencing gene expression.
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There are three main types of epigenetic modifications: DNA methylation, histone modifications, and various RNA-mediated processes.
“There are three main types of epigenetic modifications: DNA methylation, histone modifications, and various RNA-mediated processes (39, 40).”
From Epigenetic Modifications in Stress Response Genes Associated With Childhood Trauma (2019) · cites this paper as [40]
It is not sufficient to study only differences in single DNA methylation loci.
“As these modifications accumulate and interact with one-another to produce tightly regulated changes in gene expression, it is not sufficient to only study differences in single DNA methylation loci.9”
From The role of epigenetics in psychological resilience (2021) · cites this paper as [9]
Epigenetic modifications accumulate and interact with one another to produce tightly regulated changes in gene expression.
“As these modifications accumulate and interact with one-another to produce tightly regulated changes in gene expression, it is not sufficient to only study differences in single DNA methylation loci.9”
From The role of epigenetics in psychological resilience (2021) · cites this paper as [9]
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Epigenetic mechanisms and gastrointestinal development
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Quantitative changes in T cell DNA methylation occur during differentiation and ageing
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Key role of ERK pathway signaling in lupus
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Transcriptional control: Repression by local chromatin modification
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Ohkura, N., Hamaguchi, M., Morikawa, H., Sugimura, K., Tanaka, A., Ito, Y., Osaki, M., Tanaka, Y., Yamashita, R., Nakano, N., et al. (2012) · Immunity · doi:10.1016/j.immuni.2012.09.010 · Cited by 756 · see citing works
“It has been postulated that DNA methylation inhibits the recognition of DNA by some proteins (Prokhortchouk and Defossez, 2008), and is generally associated with gene repression (Gibney and Nolan, 2010).”
BackgroundDevelopment and Maintenance of Regulatory T cells
Ohkura, N., Kitagawa, Y., & Sakaguchi, S. (2013) · Immunity · doi:10.1016/j.immuni.2013.03.002 · Cited by 728 · see citing works
“Epigenetic Changes in Treg Cells Epigenetic modifications, which include histone modifications, DNA methylation, microRNAs, nucleosome positioning, chromatin interaction, and chromosome conformational changes, play indispensable roles in cell differentiation, especially for cell-lineage stabilization (Gibney and Nolan…”
BackgroundRönn, T., Volkov, P., Davegårdh, C., Dayeh, T., Hall, E., Olsson, A. H., Nilsson, E., Tornberg, Å. B., Nitert, M. D., Eriksson, K., et al. (2013) · PLoS Genetics · doi:10.1371/journal.pgen.1003572 · Cited by 619 · see citing works
“It should be noted that epigenetic processes are likely to influence more aspects of gene expression, including accessibility of the gene, posttranscriptional RNA processing and stability, splicing and also translation [49].”
Karimi, M., Sahandi Zangabad, P., Ghasemi, A., Amiri, M., Bahrami, M., Malekzad, H., Ghahramanzadeh Asl, H., Mahdieh, Z., Bozorgomid, M., Ghasemi, A., et al. (2016) · ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces · doi:10.1021/acsami.6b00371 · Cited by 500 · see citing works
Micronuclei in genotoxicity assessment: from genetics to epigenetics and beyond
Luzhna, L., Kathiria, P., & Kovalchuk, O. (2013) · Frontiers in Genetics · doi:10.3389/fgene.2013.00131 · Cited by 454 · see citing works
“Epigenetic regulation includes at least four outlined mechanisms: DNA methylation, histone modifications, chromatin remodeling, and non-coding RNA expression (Bonasio et al., 2010; Gibney and Nolan, 2010).”
BackgroundThe many faces of estrogen signaling
Vrtačnik, P., Ostanek, B., Mencej-Bedrač, S., & Marc, J. (2014) · Biochemia Medica · doi:10.11613/bm.2014.035 · Cited by 403 · see citing works
Recommendations for the design and analysis of epigenome-wide association studies
Michels, K. B., Binder, A. M., Dedeurwaerder, S., Epstein, C. B., Greally, J. M., Gut, I., Houseman, E. A., Izzi, B., Kelsey, K. T., Meissner, A., et al. (2013) · Nature Methods · doi:10.1038/nmeth.2632 · Cited by 378 · see citing works
Grosse‐Gehling, P., Fargeas, C. A., Dittfeld, C., Garbe, Y., Alison, M. R., Corbeil, D., & Kunz‐Schughart, L. A. (2012) · The Journal of Pathology · doi:10.1002/path.4086 · Cited by 299 · see citing works
“G lio bl as to m a, m ed ul lo bl as to m a CD 13 3/ 1, 29 3C 3 (M B) × × × – Ye s Ye s [1 19 ]”
BackgroundInfluentialEpigenetic Modifications in Stress Response Genes Associated With Childhood Trauma
Jiang, S., Postovit, L., Cattaneo, A., Binder, E. B., & Aitchison, K. J. (2019) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2019.00808 · Cited by 288 · see citing works
“There are three main types of epigenetic modifications: DNA methylation, histone modifications, and various RNA-mediated processes (39, 40).”
BackgroundEpigenetic Mechanisms of Depression and Antidepressant Action
Vialou, V., Feng, J., Robison, A. J., & Nestler, E. J. (2013) · Annual Review of Pharmacology and Toxicology · doi:10.1146/annurev-pharmtox-010611-134540 · Cited by 277 · see citing works
“Numerous mechanisms that underlie epigenetic regulation have been described, including (a) direct modification of DNA’s transcriptional potential by methylation of cytosine bases and (b) indirect regulation of DNA’s accessibility through several types of chemical modification of the proteins involved in chromatin stru…”
BackgroundThe central role of RNA in human development and cognition
Mattick, J. S. (2011) · FEBS Letters · doi:10.1016/j.febslet.2011.05.001 · Cited by 274 · see citing works
“ment [165–170], long-term responses to environmental variables [171,172], and brain function [173–179].”
BackgroundParental Advisory: Maternal and Paternal Stress Can Impact Offspring Neurodevelopment
Chan, J. C., Nugent, B. M., & Bale, T. L. (2018) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2017.10.005 · Cited by 241 · see citing works
“Epigenetic control of gene expression, including DNA methylation, histone posttranslational modifications (PTMs), and noncoding RNAs, evolved to regulate and establish cell- and tissue-specific gene expression programs and to control normal cellular functions (8,9).”
BackgroundEpigenetic switch from repressive to permissive chromatin in response to cold stress
Park, J., Lim, C. J., Shen, M., Park, H. J., Cha, J., Iniesto, E., Rubio, V., Mengiste, T. D., Zhu, J., Bressan, R. A., et al. (2018) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1721241115 · Cited by 232 · see citing works
“The factors controlling how chromatin remodeling enzymes are targeted to specific loci is an area of intense research (59), and the extension of our model to other gene regulons could explain in mechanistic terms how specific chromatin sites are chosen to be remodeled for transcriptional regulation.”
BackgroundEpigenetics in Prostate Cancer: Biologic and Clinical Relevance
Jerónimo, C., Bastian, P. J., Bjartell, A. S., Carbone, G. M., Catto, J. W. F., Clark, S. J., Henrique, R., Nelson, W. G., & Shariat, S. F. (2011) · European Urology · doi:10.1016/j.eururo.2011.06.035 · Cited by 226 · see citing works
“Structurally, histones possess a flexible ‘‘tail’’ that is susceptible to post-translation biochemical modification (such as acetylation, methylation, and phosphorylation) [13–17].”
BackgroundThe RdDM Pathway Is Required for Basal Heat Tolerance in Arabidopsis
Popova, O. V., Dinh, H. Q., Aufsatz, W., & Jonak, C. (2013) · Molecular Plant · doi:10.1093/mp/sst023 · Cited by 219 · see citing works
“The transcriptional capacity of genes is intimately connected to their epigenetic states (Bonasio et al., 2010; Gibney and Nolan, 2010).”
Epigenetics: Principles and Practice
Hamilton, J. P. (2011) · Digestive Diseases · doi:10.1159/000323874 · Cited by 215 · see citing works
Mechanisms Underlying T Cell Immunosenescence: Aging and Cytomegalovirus Infection
Tu, W., & Rao, S. (2016) · Frontiers in Microbiology · doi:10.3389/fmicb.2016.02111 · Cited by 189 · see citing works
Epigenetic Control of Skeletal Development by the Histone Methyltransferase Ezh2
Dudakovic, A., Camilleri, E. T., Xu, F., Riester, S. M., McGee‐Lawrence, M. E., Bradley, E. W., Paradise, C. R., Lewallen, E. A., Thaler, R., Deyle, D. R., et al. (2015) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.m115.672345 · Cited by 181 · see citing works
Morikawa, H., & Sakaguchi, S. (2014) · Immunological Reviews · doi:10.1111/imr.12174 · Cited by 176 · see citing works
Lightbody, G., Haberland, V., Browne, F., Taggart, L., Zheng, H., Parkes, E., & Blayney, J. K. (2019) · Briefings in Bioinformatics · doi:10.1093/bib/bby051 · Cited by 173 · see citing works
“These levels are connected via genetic data transfer processes, including transcription, translation, binding and protein modification [23, 24].”
BackgroundHIF-1-Independent Mechanisms Regulating Metabolic Adaptation in Hypoxic Cancer Cells
Lee, S.-H., Golinska, M., & Griffiths, J. R. (2021) · Cells · doi:10.3390/cells10092371 · Cited by 169 · see citing works
Cribbs, A. P., Kennedy, A., Penn, H., Amjadi, P., Green, P. A., Read, J. E., Brennan, F. M., Gregory, B., & Williams, R. O. (2015) · Arthritis & Rheumatology · doi:10.1002/art.39031 · Cited by 166 · see citing works
Gene regulatory network inference resources: A practical overview
Mercatelli, D., Scalambra, L., Triboli, L., Ray, F., & Giorgi, F. M. (2019) · Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Gene Regulatory Mechanisms · doi:10.1016/j.bbagrm.2019.194430 · Cited by 157 · see citing works
Epigenetic Drug Discovery: Targeting DNA Methyltransferases
Foulks, J. M., Parnell, K. M., Nix, R. N., Chau, S., Świerczek, K., Saunders, M. J., Wright, K., Hendrickson, T. F., Ho, K.-K., McCullar, M. V., et al. (2011) · SLAS DISCOVERY · doi:10.1177/1087057111421212 · Cited by 160 · see citing works
Plant Volatile Organic Compounds Evolution: Transcriptional Regulation, Epigenetics and Polyploidy
Picazo-Aragonés, J., Terrab, A., & Balao, F. (2020) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms21238956 · Cited by 153 · see citing works
“VOCs are differentially—both temporally and spatially—synthesized throughout the development of the plant, due to differences in gene expression in distinct cell types [26].”
BackgroundCayuela, H., Valenzuela‐Sánchez, A., Teulier, L., Martínez-Solano, Í., Léna, J., Merilä, J., Muths, E., Shine, R., Quay, L., Denoël, M., et al. (2020) · The Quarterly Review of Biology · doi:10.1086/707862 · Cited by 148 · see citing works
Eukaryotic mRNA Decay: Methodologies, Pathways, and Links to Other Stages of Gene Expression
Pérez-Ortín, J. E., Alepuz, P. M., Chávez, S., & Choder, M. (2013) · Journal of Molecular Biology · doi:10.1016/j.jmb.2013.02.029 · Cited by 142 · see citing works
“[mRNA] = [mRNA]0 + e-kd t [7]”
Facial Genetics: A Brief Overview
Richmond, S., Howe, L. J., Lewis, S. J., Stergiakouli, E., & Zhurov, A. I. (2018) · Frontiers in Genetics · doi:10.3389/fgene.2018.00462 · Cited by 141 · see citing works
Ling, C.-W., Miao, Z., Xiao, M.-L., Zhou, H., Jiang, Z., Fu, Y., Xiong, F., Zuo, L.-S.-Y., Liu, Y.-P., Wu, Y.-Y., et al. (2021) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/clinem/dgab492 · Cited by 138 · see citing works
Genome-wide analysis reveals distinct patterns of epigenetic features in long non-coding RNA loci
Sati, S., Ghosh, S., Jain, V., Scaria, V., & Sengupta, S. (2012) · Nucleic Acids Research · doi:10.1093/nar/gks776 · Cited by 133 · see citing works
“The methylation architecture in and around the protein-coding genes affects their expression and hence influence cell identity (38).”
BackgroundCancer immune escape: the role of antigen presentation machinery
Kallingal, A., Olszewski, M., Maciejewska, N., Brankiewicz, W., & Bagiński, M. (2023) · Journal of Cancer Research and Clinical Oncology · doi:10.1007/s00432-023-04737-8 · Cited by 133 · see citing works
“Epigenetic modulation of antitumor immunity has been an active area of research in recent years and has been found to have potential applications in cancer immunotherapy (Gibney and Nolan 2010).”
BackgroundPosttraumatic Stress Disorder and Inflammation: Untangling Issues of Bidirectionality
Sumner, J. A., Nishimi, K. M., Koenen, K. C., Roberts, A. L., & Kubzansky, L. D. (2020) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2019.11.005 · Cited by 131 · see citing works
A mutation screen in patients with Kabuki syndrome
Li, Y., Bögershausen, N., Alanay, Y., Şimşek‐Kiper, P. Ö., Plume, N., Keupp, K., Pohl, E., Pawlik, B., Rachwalski, M., Milz, E., et al. (2011) · Human Genetics · doi:10.1007/s00439-011-1004-y · Cited by 130 · see citing works
“Introduction Epigenetic control of developmental processes is a fascinating mechanism by which spatial and temporal expression of distinct genes and pathways are regulated (Gibney and Nolan 2010).”
BackgroundPrasad, M. S., Sauka‐Spengler, T., & LaBonne, C. (2012) · Developmental Biology · doi:10.1016/j.ydbio.2012.03.014 · Cited by 126 · see citing works
“non-covalent proline isomerization (Gibney and Nolan, 2010).”
BackgroundThe role of DNA methylation in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes mellitus
Ahmed, S. A. H., Ansari, S. A., Mensah‐Brown, E. P. K., & Emerald, B. S. (2020) · Clinical Epigenetics · doi:10.1186/s13148-020-00896-4 · Cited by 126 · see citing works
CD133: to be or not to be, is this the real question?
Irollo, E., & Pirozzi, G. (2013) · Europe PMC (PubMed Central) · Cited by 122 · see citing works
Epigenetic Mechanisms in Bone Biology and Osteoporosis: Can They Drive Therapeutic Choices?
Marini, F., Cianferotti, L., & Brandi, M. L. (2016) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms17081329 · Cited by 121 · see citing works
“Post-translational histone modifications include a large number of histone changes, such as methylation, acetylation, phosphorylation, ubiquitination, ADP ribosylation, sumoylation, deamination, and non-covalent proline isomerisation [2].”
BackgroundHerrera, C. M., & Bazaga, P. (2012) · Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society · doi:10.1111/boj.12007 · Cited by 118 · see citing works
Epigenetic Mechanisms of Aging and Aging-Associated Diseases
la Torre, A., Vecchio, F. L., & Greco, A. (2023) · Cells · doi:10.3390/cells12081163 · Cited by 120 · see citing works
The polycomb repressive complex 2 governs life and death of peripheral T cells
Zhang, Y., Kinkel, S., Maksimovic, J., Bandala‐Sanchez, E., Tanzer, M. C., Naselli, G., Zhang, J., Zhan, Y., Lew, A. M., Silke, J., et al. (2014) · Blood · doi:10.1182/blood-2013-12-544106 · Cited by 115 · see citing works
Quantitative epigenetics and evolution
Banta, J. A., & Richards, C. L. (2018) · Heredity · doi:10.1038/s41437-018-0114-x · Cited by 114 · see citing works
Molecular Mechanisms of Muscle Plasticity with Exercise
Hoppeler, H. H., Baum, O., Lurman, G. J., & Mueller, M. (2011) · Comprehensive physiology · doi:10.1002/cphy.c100042 · Cited by 120 · see citing works
Biomarkers Associated With Migraine and Their Potential Role in Migraine Management
Durham, P. L., & Papapetropoulos, S. (2013) · Headache The Journal of Head and Face Pain · doi:10.1111/head.12174 · Cited by 109 · see citing works
“alterations in gene expression that are not caused by changes in DNA sequence; as heritable changes in gene activity and expression; and as stable, long-term alterations in the transcriptional potential of a cell that are not necessarily heritable.(83,84) Epigenetic mechanisms that can stably influence gene expression…”
BackgroundThe role of epigenetics in psychological resilience
Smeeth, D., Beck, S., Karam, E. G., & Pluess, M. (2021) · The Lancet Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/s2215-0366(20)30515-0 · Cited by 108 · see citing works
Vitamin D and the risk for cancer: A molecular analysis
Carlberg, C., & Velleuer, E. (2021) · Biochemical Pharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.bcp.2021.114735 · Cited by 110 · see citing works
Mishra, M., Zhong, Q. P. W., & Kowluru, R. A. (2014) · Free Radical Biology and Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2014.07.001 · Cited by 108 · see citing works
“the genes and these modifications, in addition to allowing cells to quickly respond to the changing stimuli, also result in long-lasting changes in gene activity (17, 30, 31).”
BackgroundInfluentialLanka, G., Begum, D., Banerjee, S., Adhikari, N., Yogeeswari, P., & Ghosh, B. (2023) · Computers in Biology and Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.compbiomed.2023.107481 · Cited by 106 · see citing works
Epigenetic drugs in cancer therapy
Suraweera, A., O'Byrne, K. J., & Richard, D. J. (2025) · Cancer and Metastasis Reviews · doi:10.1007/s10555-025-10253-7 · Cited by 113 · see citing works
“The main epigenetic mechanisms include histone modifications, DNA methylation, chromatin remodelling and non-coding RNA [3, 5, 6].”
Epigenetic biomarkers in urological tumors: A systematic review
Jerónimo, C., & Henrique, R. (2011) · Cancer Letters · doi:10.1016/j.canlet.2011.12.026 · Cited by 102 · see citing works
“, acetylation, methylation, glycosylation, sumoylation, phosphorylation, ubiquitylation) [41–45] and the combination of these on specific amino acids produce various structural and translational changes, which are known as ‘‘the histone code’’.”
BackgroundNon-targeted radiation effects-an epigenetic connection.
Ilnytskyy, Y., & Kovalchuk, O. (2011) · Mutation research · doi:10.1016/j.mrfmmm.2011.06.014 · Cited by 105 · see citing works
Large-scale analysis of DFNA5 methylation reveals its potential as biomarker for breast cancer
Croes, L., Beyens, M., Fransén, E., Ibrahim, J., Berghe, W. V., Suls, A., Peeters, M., Pauwels, P., Camp, G. V., & de Beeck, K. O. (2018) · Clinical Epigenetics · doi:10.1186/s13148-018-0479-y · Cited by 103 · see citing works
Transcription factors and evolution: An integral part of gene expression (Review)
Mitsis, Τ., Efthimiadou, Α., Bacopoulou, F., Vlachakis, D., Chrousos, G. P., & Eliopoulos, E. (2020) · World Academy of Sciences Journal · doi:10.3892/wasj.2020.32 · Cited by 97 · see citing works
“Moreover, as an integral part of gene expression, they are closely related to the evolution of epigenetic mechanisms (5).”
InfluentialModulating epigenetic modifications for cancer therapy (Review)
Castro-Muñoz, L. J., Vázquez‐Ulloa, E., Sahlgren, C., Lizano, M., la Cruz-Hernández, E. N. D., & Contreras‐Paredes, A. (2023) · Oncology Reports · doi:10.3892/or.2023.8496 · Cited by 106 · see citing works
Tubulins and brain development – The origins of functional specification
Breuss, M. W., Leca, I., Gstrein, T., Hansen, A. H., & Keays, D. A. (2017) · Molecular and Cellular Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/j.mcn.2017.03.002 · Cited by 102 · see citing works
“4A) (Orphanides and Reinberg, 2002; Gibney and Nolan, 2010).”
Plaza‐Díaz, J., Izquierdo, D., Torres‐Martos, Á., Baig, A. T., Aguilera, C. M., & Ruiz‐Ojeda, F. J. (2022) · Biomedicines · doi:10.3390/biomedicines10010126 · Cited by 114 · see citing works
“The mechanisms involved in the regulation of gene expression are heritable, and the modifications that occur in the nucleotide sequence are reversible [25,26].”
BackgroundEpigenetic Control of the Genome—Lessons from Genomic Imprinting
Aðalsteinsson, B. Þ., & Ferguson‐Smith, A. C. (2014) · Genes · doi:10.3390/genes5030635 · Cited by 96 · see citing works
“islands are generally methylated (reviewed in [1,2])—resulting in a genome-wide methylation pattern that can be described as roughly bimodal.”
BackgroundDudakovic, A., Evans, J. M., Li, Y., Middha, S., McGee‐Lawrence, M. E., van Wijnen, A. J., & Westendorf, J. J. (2013) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.m113.489732 · Cited by 95 · see citing works
“The major epigenetic mechanisms affecting gene expression are post-translational modifications of histones, methylation of genomic DNA, and activities of noncoding RNAs (1).”
BackgroundVrtačnik, P., Marc, J., & Ostanek, B. (2013) · Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (CCLM) · doi:10.1515/cclm-2013-0770 · Cited by 95 · see citing works
Glomerular Endothelial Cells as Instigators of Glomerular Sclerotic Diseases
Sol, M., Kamps, J. A. A. M., van den Born, J., van den Heuvel, M. C., van der Vlag, J., Krenning, G., & Hillebrands, J. (2020) · Frontiers in Pharmacology · doi:10.3389/fphar.2020.573557 · Cited by 97 · see citing works
“DNA methylation at genes can modulate transcriptional elongation and alternative splicing (Gibney and Nolan, 2010; Lu et al., 2017).”
BackgroundInterpreting omics data with pathway enrichment analysis
Zhao, K., & Rhee, S. Y. (2023) · Trends in Genetics · doi:10.1016/j.tig.2023.01.003 · Cited by 95 · see citing works
DNA methylation, environmental exposures and early embryo development
Breton‐Larrivée, M., Elder, E., & McGraw, S. (2019) · Animal Reproduction · doi:10.21451/1984-3143-ar2019-0062 · Cited by 93 · see citing works
Current status and future prospects for epigenetic psychopharmacology
Boks, M. P., de Jong, N. M., Kas, M. J. H., Vinkers, C. H., Fernandes, C., Kahn, R. S., Mill, J., & Ophoff, R. A. (2012) · Epigenetics · doi:10.4161/epi.7.1.18688 · Cited by 89 · see citing works
Specification and formation of the neural crest: Perspectives on lineage segregation
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“…and H4 that are wrapped by genomic DNA of around 146 bp. Post-translational modifications of histone tails involves methylation, acetylation, phosphorylation, ubiquitination, sumoylation, ADP ribosylation, deimination, and the non-covalent proline isomerization (Berger, 2007; Gibney & Nolan, 2010).”
BackgroundEpigenetic regulation in neural crest development
Hu, N., Strobl‐Mazzulla, P. H., & Bronner-Fraser, M. E. (2014) · Developmental Biology · doi:10.1016/j.ydbio.2014.09.034 · Cited by 88 · see citing works
“Each nucleosome contains eight histones: two of each of the core histones H2A, H2B, H3 and H4 form octameric structures called nucleosome cores around which DNA is wrapped with unstructured tails (Gibney and Nolan, 2010).”
Deep cross-omics cycle attention model for joint analysis of single-cell multi-omics data
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Diabetic retinopathy, metabolic memory and epigenetic modifications
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“The consequences of histone methylation may be positive or negative in termsof transcriptional activity 34 .”
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“Methylation of cytosines in CpG sites is an important epigenetic modification that influences the binding of nuclear proteins (14), regulates geneexpression and might beaffected by environmental exposures such as pollutants and pesticides (15,16).”
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“Epigenetic processes, including DNA methylation, histone mod-i fi cation, chromatin remodelling and RNA-based mechanisms can a ff ect gene expression (Gibney and Nolan, 2010).”
Genetic and epigenetic factors associated with depression: an updated overview
Alshaya, D. S. (2022) · Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.sjbs.2022.103311 · Cited by 81 · see citing works
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“There are several factors like methylation, acetylation, and post transcriptional modifications that control expression of genes without incorporating any changes in the gene sequence (Gibney and Nolan, 2010; Mello-de-Sousa et al., 2016; Druzhinina and Kubicek, 2017).”
BackgroundEpigenetic reprogramming in cancer: From diagnosis to treatment
Costa, P. M. S., Sales, S. L. A., Pinheiro, D. P., Pontes, L. Q., Maranhão, S. S., Pessoa, C., Furtado, G. P., & Furtado, C. L. M. (2023) · Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology · doi:10.3389/fcell.2023.1116805 · Cited by 83 · see citing works
“Lifetime disruption in the epigenetic machinery leads to loss of global epigenetic marks, activation of growth-related genes (oncogenes) and silence of cell cycle control genes (tumor suppressor) and DNA repair genes, thereby initiating and propagating tumorigenesis (Figure 1) (Gibney and Nolan, 2010; Feinberg et al.,…”
BackgroundGene Polymorphisms and Fiber-Type Composition of Human Skeletal Muscle
Ahmetov, I. I., Vinogradova, O. L., & Williams, A. G. (2012) · International Journal of Sport Nutrition and Exercise Metabolism · doi:10.1123/ijsnem.22.4.292 · Cited by 81 · see citing works
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“…changes in DNA methylation patterns, histone modi fi cation, reduction in overall levels of core histones, accumulation of histone variants, and the dysregulated functioning of non-coding RNAs believed to exert their in fl uence primarily at the level of transcription in gene expression 15 – 18 .”
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“These include DNA methylation, histone modi fi cation, and chromatin remodeling, which collectively alter gene expression patterns without changing the DNA sequence itself (Gibney and Nolan, 2010).”
Regulation of ZEB1 Function and Molecular Associations in Tumor Progression and Metastasis
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“Epigenetic regulation represents an important mechanism by which EMT transcription factors recognize and bind to gene promoter regions [82].”
BackgroundEpigenetic regulation in lung cancer
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“12,13 Studies conducted during recent decades on epigenetic modifications have discovered how epigenetic traits can be influenced by chromatin structure, which directly responds to changes in phenotypic variability via regulation of gene functions.”
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Exercise and epigenetic inheritance of disease risk
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Micro RNA as a potential blood-based epigenetic biomarker for Alzheimer's disease
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Bisphenol S induced epigenetic and transcriptional changes in human breast cancer cell line MCF-7
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Review: Epigenetic mechanisms in ocular disease.
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The Role of Dietary Phenolic Compounds in Epigenetic Modulation Involved in Inflammatory Processes
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“This reaction is catalyzed by peptidyl arginine deiminases [56].”
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“The precise and coordinated recruitment of regulatory molecules at specific genomic or molecular targets often gives rise to spatially- and biochemically-distinct compartments, which play essential roles in a variety of cellular activities including DNA repair (2), transcription (3, 4), replication (5) and epigenetic…”
BackgroundEpigenetic Regulation in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma Microenvironment: A Comprehensive Review
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BackgroundMolecular Regulatory Mechanisms Affecting Fruit Aroma
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“its accessibility for transcriptional factors, play a significant role in regulating gene transcription.(32,33) Experimental models”
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- Authors
- Gibney, E. R., & Nolan, C. M.
- Affiliations
- University College Dublin (IE)
- Corresponding author
- Nolan, C M
- Venue
- Heredity
- Published
- 2010-05-12
- Volume
- 105
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 4-13
- ISSN
- 0018-067X (ISSN-L)
- 1365-2540
- OpenAlex
- W1974450480
- Cited by
- 1,109
- References
- 119
- Citations by year
- 2026: 68 · 2025: 148 · 2024: 175 · 2023: 147 · 2022: 115 · 2021: 102 · 2020: 70 · 2019: 33 · 2018: 42 · 2017: 28 · 2016: 32 · 2015: 22 · 2014: 29 · 2013: 32 · 2012: 31
- FWCI
- 2.72
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Heredity (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Science Foundation Ireland (RFP06)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Epigenetics and DNA Methylation
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Genomics and Chromatin Dynamics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Genetic Syndromes and Imprinting
- Keywords
- epigenetics, gene expression regulation, transcriptional regulation, DNA methylation, histone modifications, RNA-mediated gene regulation, cell differentiation, development (biology), translational regulation, protein modification
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Cell Differentiation, Humans, DNA Modification Methylases, Gene Expression, Cell Lineage, Heredity, Epigenesis, Genetic
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