Cited by 436Nitric Oxide and Endothelin EffectsAntioxidant Activity and Oxidative StressRedox biology and oxidative stress

The role of oxidative stress in the pathophysiology of hypertension

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Rodrigo, Ramón, González, Jaime, Paoletto, Fabio·2011·Hypertension Research

Abstract

Hypertension is considered to be the most important risk factor in the development of cardiovascular disease. An increasing body of evidence suggests that oxidative stress, which results in an excessive generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), has a key role in the pathogenesis of hypertension. The modulation of the vasomotor system involves ROS as mediators of vasoconstriction induced by angiotensin II, endothelin-1 and urotensin-II, among others. The bioavailability of nitric oxide (NO), which is a major vasodilator, is highly dependent on the redox status. Under physiological conditions, low concentrations of intracellular ROS have an important role in the normal redox signaling maintaining vascular function and integrity. However, under pathophysiological conditions, increased levels of ROS contribute to vascular dysfunction and remodeling through oxidative damage. In human hypertension, an increase in the production of superoxide anions and hydrogen peroxide, a decrease in NO synthesis and a reduction in antioxidant bioavailability have been observed. In turn, antioxidants are reducing agents that can neutralize these oxidative and otherwise damaging biomolecules. The use of antioxidant vitamins, such as vitamins C and E, has gained considerable interest as protecting agents against vascular endothelial damage. Available data support the role of these vitamins as effective antioxidants that can counteract ROS effects. This review discusses the mechanisms involved in ROS generation, the role of oxidative stress in the pathogenesis of vascular damage in hypertension, and the possible therapeutic strategies that could prevent or treat this disorder.

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  • Oxidative stress may play a role in the development of vascular complications that promote cardiovascular disease by contributing to the pathogenesis of hypertension and atherosclerosis.

    “Oxidative stress may play a role in the development of vascular complications that promote cardiovascular disease by contributing to the pathogenesis of hypertension [143,144] and atherosclerosis [145].”

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Authors
Rodrigo, R., González, J., & Paoletto, F.
Affiliations
University of Chile (CL)
Corresponding author
Rodrigo, Ramón
Venue
Hypertension Research
Published
2011-01-13
Volume
34
Issue
4
Pages
431-440
ISSN
  • 0916-9636 (ISSN-L)
  • 1348-4214
OpenAlex
W2065634680
Cited by
436
References
164
Citations by year
2026: 6 · 2025: 33 · 2024: 35 · 2023: 60 · 2022: 52 · 2021: 47 · 2020: 44 · 2019: 26 · 2018: 19 · 2017: 18 · 2016: 15 · 2015: 21 · 2014: 19 · 2013: 17 · 2012: 21
FWCI
2.03
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • Hypertension Research (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Nitric Oxide and Endothelin Effects
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Biochemistry › Antioxidant Activity and Oxidative Stress
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Redox biology and oxidative stress
Keywords
oxidative stress, hypertension, reactive oxygen species, nitric oxide bioavailability, vascular dysfunction, vascular remodeling, antioxidant vitamins, vitamin C, vitamin E, angiotensin II, endothelin-1, urotensin II, superoxide, hydrogen peroxide, antioxidant therapy
MeSH terms
Antioxidants, Blood Pressure, Cardiovascular System, Humans, Hypertension, Reactive Oxygen Species, Oxidative Stress

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