Cited by 533Dermatology and Skin DiseasesGut microbiota and healthMicrobial Community Ecology and Physiology

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Diversity of the Human Skin Microbiome Early in Life

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Capone, Kimberly A., Dowd, Scot E., Stamatas, Georgios N., Nikolovski, Janeta·2011·Journal of Investigative Dermatology

DOI 10.1038/jid.2011.168PMC PMC3182836

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Abstract

Within days after birth, rapid surface colonization of infant skin coincides with significant functional changes. Gradual maturation of skin function, structure, and composition continues throughout the first years of life. Recent reports have revealed topographical and temporal variations in the adult skin microbiome. Here we address the question of how the human skin microbiome develops early in life. We show that the composition of cutaneous microbial communities evolves over the first year of life, showing increasing diversity with age. Although early colonization is dominated by Staphylococci, their significant decline contributes to increased population evenness by the end of the first year. Similar to what has been shown in adults, the composition of infant skin microflora appears to be site specific. In contrast to adults, we find that Firmicutes predominate on infant skin. Timely and proper establishment of healthy skin microbiome during this early period might have a pivotal role in denying access to potentially infectious microbes and could affect microbiome composition and stability extending into adulthood. Bacterial communities contribute to the establishment of cutaneous homeostasis and modulate inflammatory responses. Early microbial colonization is therefore expected to critically affect the development of the skin immune function.

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Authors: Capone, K. A., Dowd, S. E., Stamatas, G. N., & Nikolovski, J.
Affiliations: Johnson & Johnson (United States) (US)
Johnson & Johnson (France) (FR)
Corresponding author: Stamatas, Georgios N.
ORCID: Dowd, Scot E.
Stamatas, Georgios N.
Venue: Journal of Investigative Dermatology
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Published: 2011-10
Volume: 131
Issue: 10
Pages: 2026-2032
ISSN: 0022-202X (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1038/jid.2011.168
PMC: PMC3182836
OpenAlex: W2012466364
Cited by: 532
References: 47
Citations by year: 2026: 16 · 2025: 26 · 2024: 54 · 2023: 41 · 2022: 38 · 2021: 38 · 2020: 55 · 2019: 45 · 2018: 30 · 2017: 37 · 2016: 34 · 2015: 34 · 2014: 31 · 2013: 35 · 2012: 16
FWCI: 35.93
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: hybrid
doi.org
Licence: cc-by-nc-nd
www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
www.elsevier.com/legal/tdmrep-license (tdm)
creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/ (vor, 1517 d)
Locations: Journal of Investigative Dermatology (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders: Johnson and Johnson
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Dermatology › Dermatology and Skin Diseases
Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Gut microbiota and health
Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Ecology › Microbial Community Ecology and Physiology
Keywords: skin microbiome, infant skin, microbial colonization, microbial diversity, Staphylococcus, Firmicutes, skin maturation, microbial community composition
MeSH terms: Female, Homeostasis, Humans, Infant, Infant, Newborn, Inflammation, Male, Skin, Skin Physiological Phenomena, Staphylococcus, Cluster Analysis, Sequence Analysis, DNA, Principal Component Analysis, Metagenome

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Diversity of the Human Skin Microbiome Early in Life

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