Cited by 2,814Adipokines, Inflammation, and Metabolic DiseasesCardiovascular Disease and AdiposityDiabetes, Cardiovascular Risks, and Lipoproteins

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 86 of the 86 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Mechanisms linking obesity with cardiovascular disease

Van Gaal, Luc F., Mertens, Ilse L., De Block, Christophe E.·2006·Nature

DOI 10.1038/nature05487

Open this paper in CoChat — free account

Abstract

Obesity increases the risk of cardiovascular disease and premature death. Adipose tissue releases a large number of bioactive mediators that influence not only body weight homeostasis but also insulin resistance - the core feature of type 2 diabetes - as well as alterations in lipids, blood pressure, coagulation, fibrinolysis and inflammation, leading to endothelial dysfunction and atherosclerosis. We are now beginning to understand the underlying mechanisms as well as the ways in which smoking and dyslipidaemia increase, and physical activity attenuates, the adverse effects of obesity on cardiovascular health.

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1038/nature05487

Cites

86 of 86 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Recomputing p-values needs the paper’s full text.

Claims the paper makes

This paper’s full text isn’t openly available, so its claims and self-check weren’t run. The registry and citation checks still apply.

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

1 retracted

Visfatin: A Protein Secreted by Visceral Fat That Mimics the Effects of Insulin
Fukuhara, A., Matsuda, M., Nishizawa, M., Segawa, K., Tanaka, M., Kishimoto, K., Matsuki, Y., Murakami, M., Ichisaka, T., Murakami, H., et al. (2005) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1097243 · Cited by 1,906
Retracted
Effect of potentially modifiable risk factors associated with myocardial infarction in 52 countries (the INTERHEART study): case-control study
Yusuf, S., Hawken, S., Ôunpuu, S., Dans, T., Avezum, A., Lanas, F., McQueen, M., Budaj, A., Pais, P., Varigos, J., et al. (2004) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(04)17018-9 · Cited by 12,026
Obesity is associated with macrophage accumulation in adipose tissue
Weisberg, S. P., McCann, D., Desai, M., Rosenbaum, M., Leibel, R. L., & Ferrante, A. W. (2003) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci200319246 · Cited by 10,041
Inflammation and Atherosclerosis
Libby, P., Ridker, P. M., & Maseri, A. (2002) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/hc0902.104353 · Cited by 7,724
Association between Multiple Cardiovascular Risk Factors and Atherosclerosis in Children and Young Adults
Berenson, G. S., Srinivasan, S. R., Bao, W., Newman, W. P., Tracy, R. E., & Wattigney, W. A. (1998) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm199806043382302 · Cited by 4,032
Obesity and Cardiovascular Disease: Pathophysiology, Evaluation, and Effect of Weight Loss: An Update of the 1997 American Heart Association Scientific Statement on Obesity and Heart Disease From the Obesity Committee of the Council on Nutrition, Physical Activity, and Metabolism
Poirier, P., Giles, T. D., Bray, G. A., Hong, Y., Stern, J. S., Pi-Sunyer, F. X., & Eckel, R. H. (2006) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/circulationaha.106.171016 · Cited by 3,165
Obesity and the risk of heart failure
Kenchaiah, S., Evans, J. C., Levy, D., Wilson, P. W. F., Benjamin, E. J., Larson, M. G., Kannel, W. B., & Vasan, R. S. (2002) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa020245 · Cited by 3,093
Obesity and the risk of myocardial infarction in 27,000 participants from 52 countries: a case–control study
Yusuf, S., Hawken, S., Ôunpuu, S., Bautista, L., Franzosi, M. G., Commerford, P., Lang, C. C., Rumboldt, Z., Onen, C. L., Lisheng, L., et al. (2005) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(05)67663-5 · Cited by 2,903
A Potential Decline in Life Expectancy in the United States in the 21st Century
Olshansky, S. J., Passaro, D. J., Hershow, R. C., Layden, J., Carnes, B. A., Brody, J., Hayflick, L., Butler, R. N., Allison, D. B., & Ludwig, D. S. (2005) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmsr043743 · Cited by 2,612
Overweight, Obesity, and Mortality in a Large Prospective Cohort of Persons 50 to 71 Years Old
Adams, K. F., Schatzkin, A. G., Harris, T. B., Kipnis, V., Mouw, T., Ballard-Barbash, R. R., Hollenbeck, A. R., & Leitzmann, M. F. (2006) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa055643 · Cited by 2,147
Adipose Tissue, Inflammation, and Cardiovascular Disease
Berg, A. H., & Scherer, P. E. (2005) · Circulation Research · doi:10.1161/01.res.0000163635.62927.34 · Cited by 2,113
Body Weight and Mortality among Women
Manson, J. E., Willett, W. C., Stampfer, M. J., Colditz, G. A., Hunter, D. J., Hankinson, S. E., Hennekens, C. H., & Speizer, F. E. (1995) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm199509143331101 · Cited by 2,005
Inflammatory Cytokine Concentrations Are Acutely Increased by Hyperglycemia in Humans: Role of Oxidative Stress
Esposito, K., Nappo, F., Marfella, R., Giugliano, G., Giugliano, F., Ciotola, M., Quagliaro, L., Ceriello, A., & Giugliano, D. (2002) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/01.cir.0000034509.14906.ae · Cited by 1,961 · cited 1×
“Inflammatory cytokines are also acutely increased by hyperglycaemi”
Background
A Potential Decline in Life Expectancy in the United States in the 21st Century
Olshansky, S. J., Passaro, D. J., Hershow, R. C., Layden, J. E., Carnes, B. A., Brody, J. A., Hayflick, L., Butler, R. N., Allison, D. B., & Ludwig, D. S. (2005) · Obstetrical & Gynecological Survey · doi:10.1097/01.ogx.0000167407.83915.e7 · Cited by 1,947
Obesity in Adulthood and Its Consequences for Life Expectancy: A Life-Table Analysis
Peeters, A., Barendregt, J. J., Willekens, F., Mackenbach, J. P., Mamun, A. A., & Bonneux, L. (2003) · Annals of Internal Medicine · doi:10.7326/0003-4819-138-1-200301070-00008 · Cited by 1,494
Is Oxidative Stress the Pathogenic Mechanism Underlying Insulin Resistance, Diabetes, and Cardiovascular Disease? The Common Soil Hypothesis Revisited
Ceriello, A., & Motz, E. (2004) · Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis, and Vascular Biology · doi:10.1161/01.atv.0000122852.22604.78 · Cited by 1,378
The Bogalusa Heart Study
Allhoff, P., Laaser, U., & Heinrich, J. (1991) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-642-95642-3_7 · Cited by 1,331
Retinol-Binding Protein 4 and Insulin Resistance in Lean, Obese, and Diabetic Subjects
Graham, T. E., Yang, Q., Blüher, M., Hammarstedt, A., Ciaraldi, T. P., Henry, R. R., Wason, C. J., Oberbach, A., Jansson, P.-A., Smith, U., et al. (2006) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa054862 · Cited by 1,319
Adipose-selective targeting of the GLUT4 gene impairs insulin action in muscle and liver
Abel, E. D., Peroni, O. D., Kim, J. K., Kim, Y., Boss, O., Hadro, E., Minnemann, T., Shulman, G. I., & Kahn, B. B. (2001) · Nature · doi:10.1038/35055575 · Cited by 1,276
Lipotoxic heart disease in obese rats: Implications for human obesity
Zhou, Y.-T., Grayburn, P., Karim, A., Shimabukuro, M., Higa, M., Baetens, D., Orci, L., & Unger, R. H. (2000) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.97.4.1784 · Cited by 1,265
Abdominal Adiposity and Coronary Heart Disease in Women
Rexrode, K. M. (1998) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.280.21.1843 · Cited by 1,208
"Portal" adipose tissue as a generator of risk factors for cardiovascular disease and diabetes.
Björntorp, P. A. (1990) · Arteriosclerosis An Official Journal of the American Heart Association Inc · doi:10.1161/01.atv.10.4.493 · Cited by 1,115
The interactions between inflammation and coagulation
Esmon, C. T. (2005) · British Journal of Haematology · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2141.2005.05753.x · Cited by 1,018
Adipokines: molecular links between obesity and atheroslcerosis
Lau, D., Dhillon, B., Yan, H., Szmitko, P. E., & Verma, S. (2005) · American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology · doi:10.1152/ajpheart.01058.2004 · Cited by 953
Ceramides in insulin resistance and lipotoxicity
Summers, S. A. (2005) · Progress in Lipid Research · doi:10.1016/j.plipres.2005.11.002 · Cited by 866
Treatment of obesity: need to focus on high risk abdominally obese patients
Després, J., Lemieux, I., & Prud'homme, D. (2001) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.322.7288.716 · Cited by 831
Adiposity as Compared with Physical Activity in Predicting Mortality among Women
Hu, F. B., Willett, W. C., Li, T., Stampfer, M. J., Colditz, G. A., & Manson, J. E. (2004) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa042135 · Cited by 820
Physical Fitness as a Predictor of Mortality among Healthy, Middle-Aged Norwegian Men
Sandvik, L., Erikssen, J., Thaulow, E., Erikssen, G., Mundal, R., & Rodahl, K. (1993) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm199302253280803 · Cited by 788
Insulin resistance and cigarette smoking
Facchini, F. S., Hollenbeck, C. B., Jeppesen, J., Chen, Y. I., & Reaven, G. M. (1992) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/0140-6736(92)90730-q · Cited by 723
Adipocyte-Derived Plasma Protein Adiponectin Acts as a Platelet-Derived Growth Factor-BB–Binding Protein and Regulates Growth Factor–Induced Common Postreceptor Signal in Vascular Smooth Muscle Cell
Arita, Y., Kihara, S., Ouchi, N., Maeda, K., Kuriyama, H., Okamoto, Y., Kumada, M., Hotta, K., Nishida, M., Takahashi, M., et al. (2002) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/01.cir.0000018622.84402.ff · Cited by 698
Acute effects of cigarette smoke on inflammation and oxidative stress: a review
van der Vaart, H. (2004) · Thorax · doi:10.1136/thx.2003.012468 · Cited by 695
Elevation of Free Fatty Acids Induces Inflammation and Impairs Vascular Reactivity in Healthy Subjects
Tripathy, D., Mohanty, P., Dhindsa, S., Syed, T., Ghanim, H., Aljada, A., & Dandona, P. (2003) · Diabetes · doi:10.2337/diabetes.52.12.2882 · Cited by 667
Selective Suppression of Endothelial Cell Apoptosis by the High Molecular Weight Form of Adiponectin
Kobayashi, H., Ouchi, N., Kihara, S., Walsh, K. X., Kumada, M., Abe, Y., Funahashi, T., & Matsuzawa, Y. (2004) · Circulation Research · doi:10.1161/01.res.0000119921.86460.37 · Cited by 666
Visceral Fat Is an Independent Predictor of All‐cause Mortality in Men
Kuk, J. L., Katzmarzyk, P. T., Nichaman, M. Z., Church, T. S., Blair, S. N., & Ross, R. (2006) · Obesity · doi:10.1038/oby.2006.43 · Cited by 655
C-Reactive Protein Increases Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor-1 Expression and Activity in Human Aortic Endothelial Cells
Devaraj, S., Xu, D. Y., & Jialal, I. (2003) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/01.cir.0000052617.91920.fd · Cited by 641
Association of Hypoadiponectinemia With Impaired Vasoreactivity
Ouchi, N., Ohishi, M., Kihara, S., Funahashi, T., Nakamura, T., Nagaretani, H., Kumada, M., Ohashi, K., Okamoto, Y., Nishizawa, H., et al. (2003) · Hypertension · doi:10.1161/01.hyp.0000083488.67550.b8 · Cited by 597
The obesity epidemic, metabolic syndrome and future prevention strategies
James, P. T., Rigby, N., Leach, R., & International Obesity Task Force (2004) · European Journal of Cardiovascular Prevention & Rehabilitation · doi:10.1097/01.hjr.0000114707.27531.48 · Cited by 570
Adiponectin Specifically Increased Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase-1 Through Interleukin-10 Expression in Human Macrophages
Kumada, M., Kihara, S., Ouchi, N., Kobayashi, H., Okamoto, Y., Ohashi, K., Maeda, K., Nagaretani, H., Kishida, K., Maeda, N., et al. (2004) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/01.cir.0000127953.98131.ed · Cited by 555
The metabolic syndrome and adipocytokines
Matsuzawa, Y. (2006) · FEBS Letters · doi:10.1016/j.febslet.2006.04.028 · Cited by 541
Impact of Glucose Intolerance and Insulin Resistance on Cardiac Structure and Function: Sex-Related Differences in the Framingham Heart Study
Rutter, M. K., Parise, H., Benjamin, E. J., Levy, D., Larson, M. G., Meigs, J. B., Nesto, R. W., Wilson, P. W. F., & Vasan, R. S. (2003) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/01.cir.0000045671.62860.98 · Cited by 511
Obesity as Compared With Physical Activity in Predicting Risk of Coronary Heart Disease in Women
Li, T. Y., Rana, J. S., Manson, J. E., Willett, W. C., Stampfer, M. J., Colditz, G. A., Rexrode, K. M., & Hu, F. B. (2006) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/circulationaha.105.574087 · Cited by 472
Adaptation and Maladaptation of the Heart in Diabetes: Part II
Young, M. E., McNulty, P. H., & Taegtmeyer, H. (2002) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/01.cir.0000012467.61045.87 · Cited by 467
Myocardial triglycerides and systolic function in humans: In vivo evaluation by localized proton spectroscopy and cardiac imaging
Szczepaniak, L. S., Dobbins, R. L., Metzger, G. J., Sartoni‐D'Ambrosia, G., Arbique, D., Vongpatanasin, W., Unger, R. H., & Victor, R. G. (2003) · Magnetic Resonance in Medicine · doi:10.1002/mrm.10372 · Cited by 441
Review article: Is obesity an inflammatory illness? Role of low‐grade inflammation and macrophage infiltration in human white adipose tissue
Cancello, R., & Clément, K. (2006) · BJOG: An International Journal of Obstetrics & Gynaecology · doi:10.1111/j.1471-0528.2006.01004.x · Cited by 418
Protection Against Oxidative Stress—Induced Insulin Resistance in Rat L6 Muscle Cells by Micromolar Concentrations of α-Lipoic Acid
Maddux, B. A., See, W., Lawrence, J. C., Goldfine, A. L., Goldfine, I. D., & Evans, J. L. (2001) · Diabetes · doi:10.2337/diabetes.50.2.404 · Cited by 405
Adiposity of the Heart*, Revisited
McGavock, J., Victor, R. G., Unger, R. H., & Szczepaniak, L. S. (2006) · Annals of Internal Medicine · doi:10.7326/0003-4819-144-7-200604040-00011 · Cited by 391
PAI-1 and the Metabolic Syndrome: Links, Causes, and Consequences
Alessi, M.-C., & Juhan-Vague, I. (2006) · Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis, and Vascular Biology · doi:10.1161/01.atv.0000242905.41404.68 · Cited by 390
Elevated Alanine Aminotransferase Predicts New-Onset Type 2 Diabetes Independently of Classical Risk Factors, Metabolic Syndrome, and C-Reactive Protein in the West of Scotland Coronary Prevention Study
Sattar, N. A., Scherbakova, O., Ford, I., O’Reilly, D. S. J., Stanley, A. J., Forrest, E. H., Macfarlane, P. W., Packard, C. J., Cobbe, S. M., & Shepherd, J. (2004) · Diabetes · doi:10.2337/diabetes.53.11.2855 · Cited by 376
Leptin-dependent platelet aggregation and arterial thrombosis suggests a mechanism for atherothrombotic disease in obesity
Konstantinides, S., Schäfer, K., Koschnick, S., & Loskutoff, D. J. (2001) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci13143 · Cited by 376
Fitness and Fatness as Predictors of Mortality from All Causes and from Cardiovascular Disease in Men and Women in the Lipid Research Clinics Study
Stevens, J. (2002) · American Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.1093/aje/kwf114 · Cited by 373
Obesity, haemostasis and the fibrinolytic system
Mertens, I. L., & Gaal, L. F. V. (2002) · Obesity Reviews · doi:10.1046/j.1467-789x.2002.00056.x · Cited by 368
Self-citation
Influence of Leptin on Arterial Distensibility
Singhal, A., Farooqi, I. S., Cole, T. J., O’Rahilly, S., Fewtrell, M. S., Kattenhorn, M., Lucas, A., & Deanfield, J. E. (2002) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/01.cir.0000033219.24717.52 · Cited by 363
Insulin Resistance and Atherosclerosis
Nigro, J., Osman, N., Dart, A. M., & Little, P. J. (2006) · Endocrine Reviews · doi:10.1210/er.2005-0007 · Cited by 321
Obesity and dyslipidemia
Howard, B. V., Ruotolo, G., & Robbins, D. C. (2003) · Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinics of North America · doi:10.1016/s0889-8529(03)00073-2 · Cited by 318
The Metabolic Syndrome, Circulating Oxidized LDL, and Risk of Myocardial Infarction in Well-Functioning Elderly People in the Health, Aging, and Body Composition Cohort
Holvoet, P., Kritchevsky, S. B., Tracy, R. P., Mertens, A. C., Rubin, S. M., Butler, J., Goodpaster, B. H., & Harris, T. B. (2004) · Diabetes · doi:10.2337/diabetes.53.4.1068 · Cited by 318
LDL Cholesterol as a Strong Predictor of Coronary Heart Disease in Diabetic Individuals With Insulin Resistance and Low LDL
Howard, B. V., Robbins, D. C., Sievers, M. L., Lee, E. T., Rhoades, D. A., Devereux, R. B., Cowan, L. D., Gray, R. S., Welty, T. K., Go, O. T., et al. (2000) · Arteriosclerosis Thrombosis and Vascular Biology · doi:10.1161/01.atv.20.3.830 · Cited by 302
Ectopic fat storage in heart, blood vessels and kidneys in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases
Montani, J.-P., Carroll, J. F., Dwyer, T. M., Antic, V., Yang, Z., & Dulloo, A. G. (2004) · International Journal of Obesity · doi:10.1038/sj.ijo.0802858 · Cited by 294
Preventing Cardiovascular Disease and Diabetes
Eckel, R. H., Kahn, R., Robertson, R. M., & Rizza, R. A. (2006) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/circulationaha.106.176583 · Cited by 286
Visceral Periadventitial Adipose Tissue Regulates Arterial Tone of Mesenteric Arteries
Verlohren, S., Dubrovska, G., Tsang, S. Y., Essin, K., Luft, F. C., Huang, Y., & Gollasch, M. (2004) · Hypertension · doi:10.1161/01.hyp.0000140058.28994.ec · Cited by 278
Lipoprotein lipase in diabetes
Taskinen, M. (1987) · Diabetes/Metabolism Reviews · doi:10.1002/dmr.5610030208 · Cited by 273
The Fitness, Obesity, and Health Equation
Blair, S. N., & Church, T. (2004) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.292.10.1232 · Cited by 264
The release of the adipocytokine visfatin is regulated by glucose and insulin
Haider, D. G., Schaller, G., Kapiotis, S., Maier, C., Luger, A., & Wolzt, M. (2006) · Diabetologia · doi:10.1007/s00125-006-0303-7 · Cited by 258
Abdominal obesity is associated with accelerated progression of carotid atherosclerosis in men
Lakka, T. A., Lakka, H., Salonen, R., Kaplan, G. A., & Salonen, J. T. (2001) · Atherosclerosis · doi:10.1016/s0021-9150(00)00514-1 · Cited by 218
Clinical relevance of the biochemical, metabolic, and genetic factors that influence low-density lipoprotein heterogeneity
Kwiterovich, P. O. (2002) · The American Journal of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/s0002-9149(02)02749-2 · Cited by 208
Free Fatty Acids Are Independently Associated with All-Cause and Cardiovascular Mortality in Subjects with Coronary Artery Disease
Pilz, S., Scharnagl, H., Tiran, B., Seelhorst, U., Wellnitz, B., Boehm, B. O., Schaefer, J. R., & März, W. (2006) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jc.2006-0195 · Cited by 199
Metabolic and Inflammation Variable Clusters and Prediction of Type 2 Diabetes
Hanley, A. J. G., Festa, A., D’Agostino, R. B., Wagenknecht, L. E., Savage, P. J., Tracy, R. P., Saad, M. F., & Haffner, S. M. (2004) · Diabetes · doi:10.2337/diabetes.53.7.1773 · Cited by 198
Stromal Cells Are the Main Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor-1-Producing Cells in Human Fat
Bastelica, D., Morange, P., Berthet, B., Borghi, H., Paulmyer‐Lacroix, O., Grino, M., Juhan-Vague, I., & Alessi, M. (2002) · Arteriosclerosis Thrombosis and Vascular Biology · doi:10.1161/hq0102.101552 · Cited by 190
Immunohistochemical and ultrastructural localization of leptin and leptin receptor in human white adipose tissue and differentiating human adipose cells in primary culture.
Bornstein, S. R., Abu-Asab, M. S., Glasow, A., Päth, G., Hauner, H., Tsokos, M., Chrousos, G. P., & Scherbaum, W. A. (2000) · Diabetes · doi:10.2337/diabetes.49.4.532 · Cited by 189
Adiposity as Compared With Physical Activity in Predicting Mortality Among Women
Hu, F. B., Willett, W. C., Li, T., Stampfer, M. J., Colditz, G. A., & Manson, J. E. (2005) · Obstetrical & Gynecological Survey · doi:10.1097/01.ogx.0000160575.50215.93 · Cited by 182
Plasma PAI-1 Levels Are More Strongly Related to Liver Steatosis Than to Adipose Tissue Accumulation
Alessi, M., Bastelica, D., Mavri, A., Morange, P., Berthet, B., Grino, M., & Juhan-Vague, I. (2003) · Arteriosclerosis Thrombosis and Vascular Biology · doi:10.1161/01.atv.0000077401.36885.bb · Cited by 178
Adipocyte differentiation induces dynamic changes in NF-κB expression and activity
Berg, A. H., Lin, Y., Lisanti, M. P., & Scherer, P. E. (2004) · American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism · doi:10.1152/ajpendo.00002.2004 · Cited by 160
Association of Hypoadiponectinemia With Smoking Habit in Men
Iwashima, Y., Katsuya, T., Ishikawa, K., Kida, I., Ohishi, M., Horio, T., Ouchi, N., Ohashi, K., Kihara, S., Funahashi, T., et al. (2005) · Hypertension · doi:10.1161/01.hyp.0000169444.05588.4c · Cited by 138
Apolipoprotein B-100 kinetics in visceral obesity: Associations with plasma apolipoprotein C-III concentration
Chan, D. C., Watts, G. F., Redgrave, T. G., Mori, T. A., & Barrett, P. H. R. (2002) · Metabolism · doi:10.1053/meta.2002.33339 · Cited by 137
The Fatty Liver and Insulin Resistance
Yki-Järvinen, H., & Westerbacka, J. (2005) · Current Molecular Medicine · doi:10.2174/1566524053766031 · Cited by 121
Relationships of Abdominal Obesity and Hyperinsulinemia to Angiographically Assessed Coronary Artery Disease in Men With Known Mutations in the LDL Receptor Gene
Gaudet, D., Vohl, M., Perron, P., Tremblay, G., Gagné, C., Lesiège, D., Bergeron, J., Moorjani, S., & Després, J. (1998) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/01.cir.97.9.871 · Cited by 99
THE INFLUENCE OF SMOKING ON SOLUBLE ADHESION MOLECULES AND ENDOTHELIAL CELL MARKERS
Blann, A. D., Steele, C., & McCollum, C. N. (1997) · Thrombosis Research · doi:10.1016/s0049-3848(97)00031-5 · Cited by 96
The Expression and Functional Role of Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors in Rat Adipocytes
Liu, R., Mizuta, M., & Matsukura, S. (2004) · Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics · doi:10.1124/jpet.103.065037 · Cited by 96
Body weight and glucose metabolism have a different effect on circulating levels of ICAM-1, E-selectin, and endothelin-1 in humans
Pontiroli, A. E., Pizzocri, P., Koprivec, D., Vedani, P., Marchi, M. D., Arcelloni, C., Paroni, R. C., Esposito, K., & Giugliano, D. (2004) · European Journal of Endocrinology · doi:10.1530/eje.0.1500195 · Cited by 88
Effects of Obesity on Lipid-Lowering, Anti-Inflammatory, and Antiatherosclerotic Benefits of Atorvastatin or Pravastatin in Patients With Coronary Artery Disease (from the REVERSAL Study)
Nicholls, S. J., Tuzcu, E. M., Sipahi, İ., Schoenhagen, P., Hazen, S. L., Ntanios, F. Y., Wun, C., & Nissen, S. E. (2006) · The American Journal of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/j.amjcard.2005.12.042 · Cited by 71
In VivoEvidence for the Role of Lipoprotein Lipase Activity in the Regulation of Apolipoprotein AI Metabolism: A Kinetic Study in Control Subjects and Patients with Type II Diabetes Mellitus1
Frénais, R., Nazih, H., Ouguerram, K., Maugeais, C., Zaïr, Y., Bard, J., Charbonnel, B. H., Magot, T., & Krempf, M. (2001) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jcem.86.5.7480 · Cited by 43
In Vivo Evidence for the Role of Lipoprotein Lipase Activity in the Regulation of Apolipoprotein AI Metabolism: A Kinetic Study in Control Subjects and Patients with Type II Diabetes Mellitus
Frenais, R. (2001) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jc.86.5.1962 · Cited by 33
Chemokines in Children With Heterozygous Familiar Hypercholesterolemia
Holven, K. B., Damås, J. K., Yndestad, A., Wæhre, T., Ueland, T., Halvorsen, B. L., Heggelund, L., Sandberg, W. J., Semb, A. G., Frøland, S. S., et al. (2005) · Arteriosclerosis Thrombosis and Vascular Biology · doi:10.1161/01.atv.0000193619.67288.ed · Cited by 30
Free Fatty Acids and Atherosclerosis—Guilty or Innocent?
Smith, S. R., & Wilson, P. W. F. (2006) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jc.2006-1018 · Cited by 29
Is insulin resistance atherogenic? A review of the evidence
Ferrannini, E., & Iozzo, P. (2006) · Atherosclerosis Supplements · doi:10.1016/j.atherosclerosissup.2006.05.006 · Cited by 27
New International Diabetes Federation (IDF) and National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment panel III (NCEP‐ATPIII) criteria and the involvement of hemostasis and fibrinolysis in the metabolic syndrome
Mertens, I. L., & Gaal, L. F. V. (2006) · Journal of Thrombosis and Haemostasis · doi:10.1111/j.1538-7836.2006.01919.x · Cited by 23
Self-citation
Hemostasis and fibrinolysis in non-diabetic overweight and obese men and women. Is there still a role for leptin?
Mertens, I. L., Considine, R. V., van der Planken, M., & Gaal, L. F. V. (2006) · European Journal of Endocrinology · doi:10.1530/eje.1.02239 · Cited by 21
Self-citation

Flagged first, then by citations

Sorted by citations

Body-mass index and all-cause mortality: individual-participant-data meta-analysis of 239 prospective studies in four continents
Di Angelantonio, E., Bhupathiraju, S. N., Wormser, D., Gao, P., Kaptoge, S., de Gonzalez, A. B., Cairns, B. J., Huxley, R., Jackson, C. L., Joshy, G., et al. (2016) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(16)30175-1 · Cited by 2,821
Pathophysiology of human visceral obesity: an update
Tchernof, A., & Després, J.-P. (2013) · Physiological Reviews · doi:10.1152/physrev.00033.2011 · Cited by 2,583
Global Burden of Hypertension and Systolic Blood Pressure of at Least 110 to 115 mm Hg, 1990-2015
Forouzanfar, M. H., Liu, P., Roth, G. A., Ng, M., Biryukov, S., Marczak, L., Alexander, L., Estep, K., Hassen Abate, K., Akinyemiju, T. F., et al. (2017) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.2016.19043 · Cited by 2,381
Dynamics of fat cell turnover in humans
Spalding, K. L., Arner, E., Westermark, P. O., Bernard, S., Buchholz, B. A., Bergmann, O., Blomqvist, L., Hoffstedt, J., Näslund, E., Britton, T., et al. (2008) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature06902 · Cited by 2,357
Reactive Oxygen Species in Metabolic and Inflammatory Signaling
Forrester, S. J., Kikuchi, D. S., Hernandes, M. S., Xu, Q., & Griendling, K. K. (2018) · Circulation Research · doi:10.1161/circresaha.117.311401 · Cited by 2,081

See all 2,814

Authors: Van Gaal, L. F., Mertens, I. L., & De Block, C. E.
Affiliations: University of Antwerp (BE)
Venue: Nature
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Published: 2006-12
Volume: 444
Issue: 7121
Pages: 875-880
ISSN: 0028-0836 (ISSN-L)
1476-4687
DOI: 10.1038/nature05487
OpenAlex: W1964607854
Cited by: 2,814
References: 86
Citations by year: 2026: 64 · 2025: 97 · 2024: 126 · 2023: 137 · 2022: 151 · 2021: 172 · 2020: 179 · 2019: 204 · 2018: 172 · 2017: 173 · 2016: 168 · 2015: 193 · 2014: 194 · 2013: 152 · 2012: 128
FWCI: 11.30
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Licence: www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
Locations: Nature (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
RePEc: Research Papers in Economics (submittedVersion)
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Adipokines, Inflammation, and Metabolic Diseases
Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Cardiovascular Disease and Adiposity
Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes, Cardiovascular Risks, and Lipoproteins
Keywords: obesity, cardiovascular disease, adipose tissue, adipokines, insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes, dyslipidemia, blood pressure, coagulation, fibrinolysis, inflammation, endothelial dysfunction, atherosclerosis, smoking, physical activity, premature mortality
MeSH terms: Cardiovascular Diseases, Endothelium, Vascular, Humans, Insulin Resistance, Obesity, Oxidative Stress, Adiposity

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review

Mechanisms linking obesity with cardiovascular disease

Abstract

Overview

Integrity signals

Verification

Claims the paper makes

Claims other papers make about this one

Citations

Cites

Cited by

Related

Metadata

Record

About these checks