Skilled reaching relies on a V2a propriospinal internal copy circuit
Open accessAbstract
The precision of skilled forelimb movement has long been presumed to rely on rapid feedback corrections triggered by internally directed copies of outgoing motor commands, but the functional relevance of inferred internal copy circuits has remained unclear. One class of spinal interneurons implicated in the control of mammalian forelimb movement, cervical propriospinal neurons (PNs), has the potential to convey an internal copy of premotor signals through dual innervation of forelimb-innervating motor neurons and precerebellar neurons of the lateral reticular nucleus. Here we examine whether the PN internal copy pathway functions in the control of goal-directed reaching. In mice, PNs include a genetically accessible subpopulation of cervical V2a interneurons, and their targeted ablation perturbs reaching while leaving intact other elements of forelimb movement. Moreover, optogenetic activation of the PN internal copy branch recruits a rapid cerebellar feedback loop that modulates forelimb motor neuron activity and severely disrupts reaching kinematics. Our findings implicate V2a PNs as the focus of an internal copy pathway assigned to the rapid updating of motor output during reaching behaviour.
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These neurons originate from a subset of developmentally defined V2a neurons.
“These neurons originate from a subset of developmentally defined V2a neurons35,41–45, which describe a family of neuronal subpopulations distributed along the neuraxis35,41–45.”
From The neurons that restore walking after paralysis (2022) · cites this paper as [45]
Specific subpopulations of V2a neurons in the brainstem, cervical spinal cord and lumbar spinal cord have been implicated in different aspects of motor control.
“Specific subpopulations of V2a neurons in the brainstem, cervical spinal cord and lumbar spinal cord have been implicated in different aspects of motor control35,41–45.”
From The neurons that restore walking after paralysis (2022) · cites this paper as [45]
Excit-35, Excit-36, and Excit-37 are likely derived from the V2a lineage, as they expressed Vsx2 (Chx10) and included many cells from the Hayashi dataset sorted based on Chx10 expression, and thus may play a role in skilled reaching.
“Excit-35, Excit-36, and Excit-37 are likely derived from the V2a lineage, as they expressed Vsx2 (Chx10) and included many cells from the Hayashi dataset that sorted cells based on Chx10 genetic expression and thus may play a role in skilled reaching87.”
From A harmonized atlas of mouse spinal cord cell types and their spatial organization (2021) · cites this paper as [87]
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- Authors
- Azim, E., Jiang, J., Alstermark, B., & Jessell, T. M.
- Affiliations
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute (US)
- Umeå University (SE)
- Corresponding author
- Azim, Eiman
- Alstermark, Bror
- Jessell, Thomas M.
- Venue
- Nature
- Published
- 2014-02-02
- Volume
- 508
- Issue
- 7496
- Pages
- 357-363
- ISSN
- 0028-0836 (ISSN-L)
- 1476-4687
- PMC
- PMC4230338
- OpenAlex
- W2125043585
- Cited by
- 355
- References
- 54
- Citations by year
- 2026: 12 · 2025: 31 · 2024: 21 · 2023: 29 · 2022: 26 · 2021: 27 · 2020: 50 · 2019: 28 · 2018: 27 · 2017: 33 · 2016: 30 · 2015: 29 · 2014: 12
- FWCI
- 19.33
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Nature (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- RePEc: Research Papers in Economics (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (R01NS080932, NS033245, R37NS033245, R01NS033245)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Motor Control and Adaptation
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Memory and Neural Mechanisms
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neuroscience and Neuropharmacology Research
- Keywords
- skilled reaching, V2a interneurons, lateral reticular nucleus, brainstem reticular formation, motor neuron activity, spinal interneurons, motor control circuit, mice, optogenetic stimulation, neuronal ablation
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Cerebellum, Female, Forelimb, Interneurons, Male, Mice, Inbred C57BL, Models, Neurological, Motor Neurons, Motor Skills, Movement, Neural Pathways, Psychomotor Performance, Spinal Cord, Feedback, Physiological, Mice, Optogenetics
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