Cited by 982Epigenetics and DNA MethylationGenetic Associations and EpidemiologyBirth, Development, and Health

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Epigenome-wide association study of body mass index, and the adverse outcomes of adiposity

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Wahl, Simone, Drong, Alexander, Lehne, Benjamin, Loh, Marie, Scott, William R., Kunze, Sonja, Tsai, Pei-Chien, Ried, Janina S., Zhang, Weihua, Yang, Youwen, Tan, Sili, Fiorito, Giovanni, Franke, Lude, Guarrera, Simonetta, Kasela, Silva, Kriebel, Jennifer, Richmond, Rebecca C., Adamo, Marco, Afzal, Uzma, Ala-Korpela, Mika, Albetti, Benedetta, Ammerpohl, Ole, Apperley, Jane F., Beekman, Marian, Bertazzi, Pier Alberto, Black, S. Lucas, Blancher, Christine, Bonder, Marc-Jan, Brosch, Mario, Carstensen-Kirberg, Maren, de Craen, Anton J. M., de Lusignan, Simon, Dehghan, Abbas, Elkalaawy, Mohamed, Fischer, Krista, Franco, Oscar H., Gaunt, Tom R., Hampe, Jochen, Hashemi, Majid, Isaacs, Aaron, Jenkinson, Andrew, Jha, Sujeet, Kato, Norihiro, Krogh, Vittorio, Laffan, Michael, Meisinger, Christa, Meitinger, Thomas, Mok, Zuan Yu, Motta, Valeria, Ng, Hong Kiat, Nikolakopoulou, Zacharoula, Nteliopoulos, Georgios, Panico, Salvatore, Pervjakova, Natalia, Prokisch, Holger, Rathmann, Wolfgang, Roden, Michael, Rota, Federica, Rozario, Michelle Ann, Sandling, Johanna K., Schafmayer, Clemens, Schramm, Katharina, Siebert, Reiner, Slagboom, P. Eline, Soininen, Pasi, Stolk, Lisette, Strauch, Konstantin, Tai, E-Shyong, Tarantini, Letizia, Thorand, Barbara, Tigchelaar, Ettje F., Tumino, Rosario, Uitterlinden, Andre G., van Duijn, Cornelia, van Meurs, Joyce B. J., Vineis, Paolo, Wickremasinghe, Ananda Rajitha, Wijmenga, Cisca, Yang, Tsun-Po, Yuan, Wei, Zhernakova, Alexandra, Batterham, Rachel L., Smith, George Davey, Deloukas, Panos, Heijmans, Bastiaan T., Herder, Christian, Hofman, Albert, Lindgren, Cecilia M., Milani, Lili, van der Harst, Pim, Peters, Annette, Illig, Thomas, Relton, Caroline L., Waldenberger, Melanie, Järvelin, Marjo-Riitta, Bollati, Valentina, Soong, Richie, Spector, Tim D., Scott, James, McCarthy, Mark I., Elliott, Paul, Bell, Jordana T., Matullo, Giuseppe, Gieger, Christian, Kooner, Jaspal S., Grallert, Harald, Chambers, John C.·2017·Nature

DOI 10.1038/nature20784PMC PMC5570525

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Abstract

Approximately 1.5 billion people worldwide are overweight or affected by obesity, and are at risk of developing type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease and related metabolic and inflammatory disturbances. Although the mechanisms linking adiposity to associated clinical conditions are poorly understood, recent studies suggest that adiposity may influence DNA methylation, a key regulator of gene expression and molecular phenotype. Here we use epigenome-wide association to show that body mass index (BMI; a key measure of adiposity) is associated with widespread changes in DNA methylation (187 genetic loci with P < 1 × 10-7, range P = 9.2 × 10-8 to 6.0 × 10-46; n = 10,261 samples). Genetic association analyses demonstrate that the alterations in DNA methylation are predominantly the consequence of adiposity, rather than the cause. We find that methylation loci are enriched for functional genomic features in multiple tissues (P < 0.05), and show that sentinel methylation markers identify gene expression signatures at 38 loci (P < 9.0 × 10-6, range P = 5.5 × 10-6 to 6.1 × 10-35, n = 1,785 samples). The methylation loci identify genes involved in lipid and lipoprotein metabolism, substrate transport and inflammatory pathways. Finally, we show that the disturbances in DNA methylation predict future development of type 2 diabetes (relative risk per 1 standard deviation increase in methylation risk score: 2.3 (2.07-2.56); P = 1.1 × 10-54). Our results provide new insights into the biologic pathways influenced by adiposity, and may enable development of new strategies for prediction and prevention of type 2 diabetes and other adverse clinical consequences of obesity.

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Additional file 13 of DNA methylation and lipid metabolism: an EWAS of 226 metabolic measures
Gomez-Alonso, M. D. C., Kretschmer, A., Wilson, R., Pfeiffer, L., Karhunen, V., Seppälä, I., Zhang, W., Mittelstraß, K., Wahl, S., Matías‐García, P. R., et al. (2021) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.13545077
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Additional file 5 of DNA methylation and lipid metabolism: an EWAS of 226 metabolic measures
Gomez-Alonso, M. D. C., Kretschmer, A., Wilson, R., Pfeiffer, L., Karhunen, V., Seppälä, I., Zhang, W., Mittelstraß, K., Wahl, S., Matías‐García, P. R., et al. (2021) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.13545113
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Additional file 10 of DNA methylation and lipid metabolism: an EWAS of 226 metabolic measures
Gomez-Alonso, M. D. C., Kretschmer, A., Wilson, R., Pfeiffer, L., Karhunen, V., Seppälä, I., Zhang, W., Mittelstraß, K., Wahl, S., Matías‐García, P. R., et al. (2021) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.13545068
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Additional file 19 of DNA methylation and lipid metabolism: an EWAS of 226 metabolic measures
Gomez-Alonso, M. D. C., Kretschmer, A., Wilson, R., Pfeiffer, L., Karhunen, V., Seppälä, I., Zhang, W., Mittelstraß, K., Wahl, S., Matías‐García, P. R., et al. (2021) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.13545095
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Additional file 2 of Genome-wide association studies identify 137 genetic loci for DNA methylation biomarkers of aging
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Additional file 6 of DNA methylation and body mass index from birth to adolescence: meta-analyses of epigenome-wide association studies
Vehmeijer, F. O. L., Küpers, L. K., Sharp, G. C., Salas, L. A., Lent, S., Jima, D. D., Tindula, G. N., Reese, S. E., Qi, C., Gruzieva, O., et al. (2020) · UWA Profiles and Research Repository (UWA) · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.13290737
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Additional file 9 of DNA methylation and body mass index from birth to adolescence: meta-analyses of epigenome-wide association studies
Vehmeijer, F. O. L., Küpers, L. K., Sharp, G. C., Salas, L. A., Lent, S., Jima, D. D., Tindula, G. N., Reese, S. E., Qi, C., Gruzieva, O., et al. (2020) · UWA Profiles and Research Repository (UWA) · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.13290746
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Additional file 11 of DNA methylation and body mass index from birth to adolescence: meta-analyses of epigenome-wide association studies
Vehmeijer, F. O. L., Küpers, L. K., Sharp, G. C., Salas, L. A., Lent, S., Jima, D. D., Tindula, G. N., Reese, S. E., Qi, C., Gruzieva, O., et al. (2020) · UWA Profiles and Research Repository (UWA) · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.13290707
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Additional file 2 of DNA methylation signature in blood mirrors successful weight-loss during lifestyle interventions: the CENTRAL trial
Keller, M., Meir, A. Y., Bernhart, S. H., Gepner, Y., Shelef, I., Schwarzfuchs, D., Tsaban, G., Zelicha, H., Hopp, L., Müller, L., et al. (2020) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.13245863
Additional file 2 of Systemic interindividual epigenetic variation in humans is associated with transposable elements and under strong genetic control
Gunasekara, C., MacKay, H., Scott, C. A., Li, S., Laritsky, E., Baker, M. S., Grimm, S. L., Jun, G., Li, Y., Chen, R., et al. (2023) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.22610221
Additional file 9 of DNA methylation and lipid metabolism: an EWAS of 226 metabolic measures
Gomez-Alonso, M. D. C., Kretschmer, A., Wilson, R., Pfeiffer, L., Karhunen, V., Seppälä, I., Zhang, W., Mittelstraß, K., Wahl, S., Matías‐García, P. R., et al. (2021) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.13545125
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Additional file 12 of DNA methylation and body mass index from birth to adolescence: meta-analyses of epigenome-wide association studies
Vehmeijer, F. O. L., Küpers, L. K., Sharp, G. C., Salas, L. A., Lent, S., Jima, D. D., Tindula, G. N., Reese, S. E., Qi, C., Gruzieva, O., et al. (2020) · UWA Profiles and Research Repository (UWA) · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.13290713
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Additional file 3 of DNA methylation and body mass index from birth to adolescence: meta-analyses of epigenome-wide association studies
Vehmeijer, F. O. L., Küpers, L. K., Sharp, G. C., Salas, L. A., Lent, S., Jima, D. D., Tindula, G. N., Reese, S. E., Qi, C., Gruzieva, O., et al. (2020) · UWA Profiles and Research Repository (UWA) · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.13290728
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Additional file 1 of Impact of BMI and waist circumference on epigenome-wide DNA methylation and identification of epigenetic biomarkers in blood: an EWAS in multi-ethnic Asian individuals
Chen, Y., Kassam, I., Lau, S. H., Kooner, J. S., Wilson, R., Peters, A., Winkelmann, J., Chambers, J. C., Chow, V. T. K., Khor, C. C., et al. (2021) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.16841289
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Additional file 4 of DNA methylation and body mass index from birth to adolescence: meta-analyses of epigenome-wide association studies
Vehmeijer, F. O. L., Küpers, L. K., Sharp, G. C., Salas, L. A., Lent, S., Jima, D. D., Tindula, G. N., Reese, S. E., Qi, C., Gruzieva, O., et al. (2020) · UWA Profiles and Research Repository (UWA) · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.13290731
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Additional file 10 of DNA methylation and body mass index from birth to adolescence: meta-analyses of epigenome-wide association studies
Vehmeijer, F. O. L., Küpers, L. K., Sharp, G. C., Salas, L. A., Lent, S., Jima, D. D., Tindula, G. N., Reese, S. E., Qi, C., Gruzieva, O., et al. (2020) · UWA Profiles and Research Repository (UWA) · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.13290698
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Additional file 8 of DNA methylation and body mass index from birth to adolescence: meta-analyses of epigenome-wide association studies
Vehmeijer, F. O. L., Küpers, L. K., Sharp, G. C., Salas, L. A., Lent, S., Jima, D. D., Tindula, G. N., Reese, S. E., Qi, C., Gruzieva, O., et al. (2020) · UWA Profiles and Research Repository (UWA) · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.13290743
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Additional file 17 of DNA methylation and lipid metabolism: an EWAS of 226 metabolic measures
Gomez-Alonso, M. D. C., Kretschmer, A., Wilson, R., Pfeiffer, L., Karhunen, V., Seppälä, I., Zhang, W., Mittelstraß, K., Wahl, S., Matías‐García, P. R., et al. (2021) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.13545089
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Additional file 1 of DNA methylation and lipid metabolism: an EWAS of 226 metabolic measures
Gomez-Alonso, M. D. C., Kretschmer, A., Wilson, R., Pfeiffer, L., Karhunen, V., Seppälä, I., Zhang, W., Mittelstraß, K., Wahl, S., Matías‐García, P. R., et al. (2021) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.13545098
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Additional file 15 of DNA methylation and lipid metabolism: an EWAS of 226 metabolic measures
Gomez-Alonso, M. D. C., Kretschmer, A., Wilson, R., Pfeiffer, L., Karhunen, V., Seppälä, I., Zhang, W., Mittelstraß, K., Wahl, S., Matías‐García, P. R., et al. (2021) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.13545083
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Additional file 1 of DNA methylation and body mass index from birth to adolescence: meta-analyses of epigenome-wide association studies
Vehmeijer, F. O. L., Küpers, L. K., Sharp, G. C., Salas, L. A., Lent, S., Jima, D. D., Tindula, G. N., Reese, S. E., Qi, C., Gruzieva, O., et al. (2020) · UWA Profiles and Research Repository (UWA) · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.13290722
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Additional file 16 of DNA methylation and lipid metabolism: an EWAS of 226 metabolic measures
Gomez-Alonso, M. D. C., Kretschmer, A., Wilson, R., Pfeiffer, L., Karhunen, V., Seppälä, I., Zhang, W., Mittelstraß, K., Wahl, S., Matías‐García, P. R., et al. (2021) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.13545086
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Additional file 2 of Epigenome-wide association study of whole blood gene expression in Framingham Heart Study participants provides molecular insight into the potential role of CHRNA5 in cigarette smoking-related lung diseases
Yao, C., Joehanes, R., Wilson, R., Tanaka, T., Ferrucci, L., Kretschmer, A., Prokisch, H., Schramm, K., Gieger, C., Peters, A., et al. (2021) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.14267106
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Additional file 14 of DNA methylation and lipid metabolism: an EWAS of 226 metabolic measures
Gomez-Alonso, M. D. C., Kretschmer, A., Wilson, R., Pfeiffer, L., Karhunen, V., Seppälä, I., Zhang, W., Mittelstraß, K., Wahl, S., Matías‐García, P. R., et al. (2021) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.13545080
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Additional file 2 of DNA methylation and lipid metabolism: an EWAS of 226 metabolic measures
Gomez-Alonso, M. D. C., Kretschmer, A., Wilson, R., Pfeiffer, L., Karhunen, V., Seppälä, I., Zhang, W., Mittelstraß, K., Wahl, S., Matías‐García, P. R., et al. (2021) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.13545104
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Additional file 3 of DNA methylation and lipid metabolism: an EWAS of 226 metabolic measures
Gomez-Alonso, M. D. C., Kretschmer, A., Wilson, R., Pfeiffer, L., Karhunen, V., Seppälä, I., Zhang, W., Mittelstraß, K., Wahl, S., Matías‐García, P. R., et al. (2021) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.13545107
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Additional file 7 of DNA methylation and body mass index from birth to adolescence: meta-analyses of epigenome-wide association studies
Vehmeijer, F. O. L., Küpers, L. K., Sharp, G. C., Salas, L. A., Lent, S., Jima, D. D., Tindula, G. N., Reese, S. E., Qi, C., Gruzieva, O., et al. (2020) · UWA Profiles and Research Repository (UWA) · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.13290740
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Additional file 13 of DNA methylation and body mass index from birth to adolescence: meta-analyses of epigenome-wide association studies
Vehmeijer, F. O. L., Küpers, L. K., Sharp, G. C., Salas, L. A., Lent, S., Jima, D. D., Tindula, G. N., Reese, S. E., Qi, C., Gruzieva, O., et al. (2020) · UWA Profiles and Research Repository (UWA) · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.13290719
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Additional file 1 of Association of childhood BMI trajectory with post-adolescent and adult lung function is mediated by pre-adolescent DNA methylation
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Additional file 11 of DNA methylation and lipid metabolism: an EWAS of 226 metabolic measures
Gomez-Alonso, M. D. C., Kretschmer, A., Wilson, R., Pfeiffer, L., Karhunen, V., Seppälä, I., Zhang, W., Mittelstraß, K., Wahl, S., Matías‐García, P. R., et al. (2021) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.13545071
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Additional file 12 of DNA methylation and lipid metabolism: an EWAS of 226 metabolic measures
Gomez-Alonso, M. D. C., Kretschmer, A., Wilson, R., Pfeiffer, L., Karhunen, V., Seppälä, I., Zhang, W., Mittelstraß, K., Wahl, S., Matías‐García, P. R., et al. (2021) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.13545074
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Additional file 2 of DNA methylation and gene expression integration in cardiovascular disease
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Additional file 1 of Bariatric surgery-induced weight loss and associated genome-wide DNA-methylation alterations in obese individuals
Talukdar, F. R., Marcillo, D. I. E., Laskar, R. S., Novoloaca, A., Cuenin, C., Sbraccia, P., Nisticò, L., Guglielmi, V., Gheit, T., Tommasino, M., et al. (2022) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.22605766
Additional file 1 of Genetic impacts on DNA methylation: research findings and future perspectives
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Additional file 6 of Genome-wide association studies identify 137 genetic loci for DNA methylation biomarkers of aging
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Additional file 5 of Characterisation of ethnic differences in DNA methylation between UK-resident South Asians and Europeans
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Additional file 3 of Unveiling the epigenetic impact of vegan vs. omnivorous diets on aging: insights from the Twins Nutrition Study (TwiNS)
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Additional file 6 of DNA methylation and lipid metabolism: an EWAS of 226 metabolic measures
Gomez-Alonso, M. D. C., Kretschmer, A., Wilson, R., Pfeiffer, L., Karhunen, V., Seppälä, I., Zhang, W., Mittelstraß, K., Wahl, S., Matías‐García, P. R., et al. (2021) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.13545116
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Additional file 4 of Genome-wide association studies identify 137 genetic loci for DNA methylation biomarkers of aging
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Additional file 8 of DNA methylation and lipid metabolism: an EWAS of 226 metabolic measures
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Additional file 3 of Identification of epigenome-wide DNA methylation differences between carriers of APOE ε4 and APOE ε2 alleles
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Authors: Wahl, S., Drong, A., Lehne, B., Loh, M., Scott, W. R., Kunze, S., Tsai, P.-C., Ried, J. S., Zhang, W., Yang, Y., Tan, S., Fiorito, G., Franke, L., Guarrera, S., Kasela, S., Kriebel, J., Richmond, R. C., Adamo, M., Afzal, U., Ala-Korpela, M., Albetti, B., Ammerpohl, O., Apperley, J. F., Beekman, M., Bertazzi, P. A., Black, S. L., Blancher, C., Bonder, M.-J., Brosch, M., Carstensen-Kirberg, M., de Craen, A. J. M., de Lusignan, S., Dehghan, A., Elkalaawy, M., Fischer, K., Franco, O. H., Gaunt, T. R., Hampe, J., Hashemi, M., Isaacs, A., Jenkinson, A., Jha, S., Kato, N., Krogh, V., Laffan, M., Meisinger, C., Meitinger, T., Mok, Z. Y., Motta, V., Ng, H. K., Nikolakopoulou, Z., Nteliopoulos, G., Panico, S., Pervjakova, N., Prokisch, H., Rathmann, W., Roden, M., Rota, F., Rozario, M. A., Sandling, J. K., Schafmayer, C., Schramm, K., Siebert, R., Slagboom, P. E., Soininen, P., Stolk, L., Strauch, K., Tai, E.-S., Tarantini, L., Thorand, B., Tigchelaar, E. F., Tumino, R., Uitterlinden, A. G., van Duijn, C., van Meurs, J. B. J., Vineis, P., Wickremasinghe, A. R., Wijmenga, C., Yang, T.-P., Yuan, W., Zhernakova, A., Batterham, R. L., Smith, G. D., Deloukas, P., Heijmans, B. T., Herder, C., Hofman, A., Lindgren, C. M., Milani, L., van der Harst, P., Peters, A., Illig, T., Relton, C. L., Waldenberger, M., Järvelin, M.-R., Bollati, V., Soong, R., Spector, T. D., Scott, J., McCarthy, M. I., Elliott, P., Bell, J. T., Matullo, G., Gieger, C., Kooner, J. S., Grallert, H., & Chambers, J. C.
Affiliations: Helmholtz Munich (DE)
Centre for Human Genetics (GB)
MRC Centre for Environment and Health (GB)
Agency for Science, Technology and Research (SG)
King's College London (GB)
Ealing Hospital NHS Trust (GB)
National University of Singapore (SG)
Italian institute for Genomic Medicine (IT)
University Medical Center Groningen (NL)
University of Tartu (EE)
University of Bristol (GB)
University College Hospital (GB)
University of Milan (IT)
University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein (DE)
Imperial College London (GB)
Leiden University Medical Center (NL)
Technische Universität Dresden (DE)
Erasmus MC (NL)
Max Healthcare (IN)
National Center for Global Health and Medicine (JP)
Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori (IT)
Federico II University Hospital (IT)
Deutsches Diabetes-Zentrum e.V. (DE)
Düsseldorf University Hospital (DE)
Uppsala University (SE)
Universität Ulm (DE)
University of Eastern Finland (FI)
University of Kelaniya (LK)
Wellcome Sanger Institute (GB)
Institute of Cancer Research (GB)
Queen Mary University of London (GB)
Broad Institute (US)
Oulu University Hospital (FI)
Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust (GB)
Corresponding author: Kooner, Jaspal S.
Grallert, Harald
Chambers, John C.
ORCID: Loh, Marie
Scott, William R.
Kunze, Sonja
Tsai, Pei-Chien
Zhang, Weihua
Yang, Youwen
Fiorito, Giovanni
Franke, Lude
Guarrera, Simonetta
Kasela, Silva
Kriebel, Jennifer
Richmond, Rebecca C.
Afzal, Uzma
Ammerpohl, Ole
Apperley, Jane F.
Beekman, Marian
Bertazzi, Pier Alberto
Black, S. Lucas
Blancher, Christine
Bonder, Marc-Jan
Brosch, Mario
Dehghan, Abbas
Elkalaawy, Mohamed
Fischer, Krista
Franco, Oscar H.
Gaunt, Tom R.
Hampe, Jochen
Isaacs, Aaron
Jha, Sujeet
Krogh, Vittorio
Laffan, Michael
Meisinger, Christa
Meitinger, Thomas
Nteliopoulos, Georgios
Panico, Salvatore
Prokisch, Holger
Rathmann, Wolfgang
Roden, Michael
Rota, Federica
Sandling, Johanna K.
Schafmayer, Clemens
Schramm, Katharina
Siebert, Reiner
Slagboom, P. Eline
Strauch, Konstantin
Tai, E-Shyong
Tarantini, Letizia
Thorand, Barbara
Tumino, Rosario
Vineis, Paolo
Wijmenga, Cisca
Yang, Tsun-Po
Zhernakova, Alexandra
Batterham, Rachel L.
Smith, George Davey
Deloukas, Panos
Heijmans, Bastiaan T.
Herder, Christian
Lindgren, Cecilia M.
Milani, Lili
Peters, Annette
Illig, Thomas
Relton, Caroline L.
Järvelin, Marjo-Riitta
Bollati, Valentina
Soong, Richie
Spector, Tim D.
Scott, James
McCarthy, Mark I.
Elliott, Paul
Bell, Jordana T.
Matullo, Giuseppe
Gieger, Christian
Kooner, Jaspal S.
Grallert, Harald
Chambers, John C.
Venue: Nature
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Published: 2016-12-21
Volume: 541
Issue: 7635
Pages: 81-86
ISSN: 0028-0836 (ISSN-L)
1476-4687
DOI: 10.1038/nature20784
PMC: PMC5570525
OpenAlex: W2561301122
Cited by: 945
References: 39
Citations by year: 2026: 45 · 2025: 66 · 2024: 75 · 2023: 87 · 2022: 110 · 2021: 146 · 2020: 113 · 2019: 126 · 2018: 93 · 2017: 79 · 2016: 3
FWCI: 52.16
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: bronze
doi.org
Licence: www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
Locations: Nature (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Research Publications (Maastricht University) (publishedVersion, other-oa)
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Funders: Wellcome Trust (084723)
National Institute for Health and Care Research (NF-SI-0611-10136, NF-SI-0611-10275, NF-SI-0611-10099, RP-2015-06-005, RP-PG-0407-10371, NF-SI-0514-10027, ACF-2009-18-005)
British Heart Foundation (PG/14/56/30976, RG/14/5/30893)
European Commission (305280)
University of Bristol
German-Israeli Foundation for Scientific Research and Development
Eesti Teadusagentuur
Tartu Ülikool (SP1GVARENG)
Directorate for Biological Sciences
Medical Research Council (MR/L01341X/1, MR/K002414/1, MC_PC_15018, MR/N015355/1, MC_G0802523)
Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (BB/I025263/1)
Economic and Social Research Council
Topics: Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Epigenetics and DNA Methylation
Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Genetic Associations and Epidemiology
Health Sciences › Medicine › Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health › Birth, Development, and Health
Keywords: DNA methylation, body mass index, obesity, type 2 diabetes, adipose tissue, blood DNA methylation, methylation risk score, inflammation, gene expression signatures, epigenetic biomarkers
MeSH terms: Adipose Tissue, Blood, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2, Europe, Female, Genetic Markers, Humans, India, Male, Obesity, Cohort Studies, Body Mass Index, DNA Methylation, Genetic Predisposition to Disease, Epigenesis, Genetic, White People, Asian People, Adiposity, Overweight, Genome-Wide Association Study, Epigenomics

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