RasGRP1 opposes proliferative EGFR–SOS1–Ras signals and restricts intestinal epithelial cell growth
Open accessAbstract
The character of EGFR signals can influence cell fate but mechanistic insights into intestinal EGFR-Ras signalling are limited. Here we show that two distinct Ras nucleotide exchange factors, RasGRP1 and SOS1, lie downstream of EGFR but act in functional opposition. RasGRP1 is expressed in intestinal crypts where it restricts epithelial growth. High RasGRP1 expression in colorectal cancer (CRC) patient samples correlates with a better clinical outcome. Biochemically, we find that RasGRP1 creates a negative feedback loop that limits proliferative EGFR-SOS1-Ras signals in CRC cells. Genetic Rasgrp1 depletion from mice with either an activating mutation in KRas or with aberrant Wnt signalling due to a mutation in Apc resulted in both cases in exacerbated Ras-ERK signalling and cell proliferation. The unexpected opposing cell biological effects of EGFR-RasGRP1 and EGFR-SOS1 signals in the same cell shed light on the intricacy of EGFR-Ras signalling in normal epithelium and carcinoma.
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
GTP-loading of MRAS has been shown to be facilitated by RasGRP1.
“GTP-loading of MRAS has been shown to be facilitated by RasGRP1 (ref. 39)”
From Co-targeting SOS1 enhances the antitumor effects of KRASG12C inhibitors by addressing intrinsic and acquired resistance (2024) · cites this paper as [39]
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Cites
Cerami, E., Gao, J., Dogrusoz, U., Gross, B. E., Sumer, S. O., Aksoy, B. A., Jacobsen, A., Byrne, C. J., Heuer, M. L., Larsson, E., et al. (2012) · Cancer Discovery · doi:10.1158/2159-8290.cd-12-0095 · Cited by 17,455 · see citing works
Gene Expression Omnibus: NCBI gene expression and hybridization array data repository
Edgar, R. (2002) · Nucleic Acids Research · doi:10.1093/nar/30.1.207 · Cited by 13,288 · see citing works
Jemal, A., Siegel, R., Ward, E., Hao, Y., Xu, J., & Thun, M. J. (2009) · CA: A Cancer Journal for Clinicians · doi:10.3322/caac.20006 · Cited by 9,709 · see citing works
Comprehensive molecular characterization of human colon and rectal cancer
The Cancer Genome Atlas Network (2012) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature11252 · Cited by 8,499 · see citing works
The Cancer Cell Line Encyclopedia enables predictive modelling of anticancer drug sensitivity
Barretina, J., Caponigro, G., Stransky, N., Venkatesan, K., Margolin, A. A., Kim, S., Wilson, C. J., Lehár, J., Kryukov, G. V., Sonkin, D., et al. (2012) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature11003 · Cited by 7,950 · see citing works
Single Lgr5 stem cells build crypt-villus structures in vitro without a mesenchymal niche
Sato, T., Vries, R. G., Snippert, H. J., van de Wetering, M., Barker, N., Stange, D. E., van Es, J. H., Abo, A., Kujala, P., Peters, P. J., et al. (2009) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature07935 · Cited by 7,204 · see citing works
Marshall, C. J. (1995) · Cell · doi:10.1016/0092-8674(95)90401-8 · Cited by 4,557 · see citing works
Moore, M. J., Goldstein, D., Hamm, J., Figer, A., Hecht, J. R., Gallinger, S., Au, H. J., Murawa, P., Walde, D., Wolff, R. A., et al. (2007) · Journal of Clinical Oncology · doi:10.1200/jco.2006.07.9525 · Cited by 3,848 · see citing works
ONCOMINE: A Cancer Microarray Database and Integrated Data-Mining Platform
Rhodes, D. R., Yu, J., Sundaram, S. K., Deshpande, N., Varambally, R., Ghosh, D., Barrette, T. R., Pander, A., & Chinnaiyan, A. M. (2004) · Neoplasia · doi:10.1016/s1476-5586(04)80047-2 · Cited by 3,615 · see citing works
Unresponsiveness of colon cancer to BRAF(V600E) inhibition through feedback activation of EGFR
Prahallad, A., Sun, C., Huang, S., Di Nicolantonio, F., Salazar, R., Zecchin, D., Beijersbergen, R. L., Bardelli, A., & Bernards, R. (2012) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature10868 · Cited by 2,051 · see citing works
GEFs and GAPs: Critical Elements in the Control of Small G Proteins
Bos, J. L., Rehmann, H., & Wittinghofer, A. (2007) · Cell · doi:10.1016/j.cell.2007.05.018 · Cited by 1,903 · see citing works
RAS oncogenes: the first 30 years
Malumbres, M., & Barbacid, M. (2003) · Nature Reviews Cancer · doi:10.1038/nrc1097 · Cited by 1,902 · see citing works
Emergence of KRAS mutations and acquired resistance to anti-EGFR therapy in colorectal cancer
Misale, S., Yaeger, R., Hobor, S., Scala, E., Janakiraman, M., Liska, D., Valtorta, E., Schiavo, R., Buscarino, M., Siravegna, G., et al. (2012) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature11156 · Cited by 1,889 · see citing works
Stem cells, self-renewal, and differentiation in the intestinal epithelium.
van der Flier, L. G., & Clevers, H. (2009) · Annual Review of Physiology · doi:10.1146/annurev.physiol.010908.163145 · Cited by 1,859 · see citing works
The molecular evolution of acquired resistance to targeted EGFR blockade in colorectal cancers
Diaz Jr, L. A., Williams, R. T., Wu, J., Kinde, I., Hecht, J. R., Berlin, J., Allen, B., Bozic, I., Reiter, J. G., Nowak, M. A., et al. (2012) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature11219 · Cited by 1,713 · see citing works
A Dominant Mutation That Predisposes to Multiple Intestinal Neoplasia in the Mouse
Moser, A. R., Pitot, H. C., & Dove, W. F. (1990) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.2296722 · Cited by 1,591 · see citing works
Multiple Intestinal Neoplasia Caused by a Mutation in the Murine Homolog of the APC Gene
Su, L.-K., Kinzler, K. W., Vogelstein, B., Preisinger, A. C., Moser, A. R., Luongo, C., Gould, K. A., & Dove, W. F. (1992) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1350108 · Cited by 1,537 · see citing works
Targeted Disruption of Mouse EGF receptor: Effect of Genetic Background on Mutant Phenotype
Threadgill, D. W., Dlugosz, A. A., Hansen, L. A., Tennenbaum, T., Lichti, U. F., Yee, D., LaMantia, C., Mourton, T., Herrup, K., Harris, R. C., et al. (1995) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.7618084 · Cited by 1,460 · see citing works
Budczies, J., Klauschen, F., Sinn, B. V., Győrffy, B., Schmitt, W., Darb‐Esfahani, S., & Denkert, C. (2012) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0051862 · Cited by 1,226 · see citing works
Buday, L., & Downward, J. (1993) · Cell · doi:10.1016/0092-8674(93)90146-h · Cited by 1,064 · see citing works
Reinhold, W. C., Sunshine, M., Liu, H., Varma, S., Kohn, K. W., Morris, J., Doroshow, J., & Pommier, Y. (2012) · Cancer Research · doi:10.1158/0008-5472.can-12-1370 · Cited by 887 · see citing works
Ras superfamily GEFs and GAPs: validated and tractable targets for cancer therapy?
Vigil, D., Cherfils, J., Rossman, K. L., & Der, C. J. (2010) · Nature reviews. Cancer · doi:10.1038/nrc2960 · Cited by 816 · see citing works
Loss of Apc in vivo immediately perturbs Wnt signaling, differentiation, and migrationPreprint
Sansom, O. J., Reed, K. R., Hayes, A. J., Ireland, H., Brinkmann, H., Newton, I. P., Batlle, E., Simon-Assmann, P. M., Clevers, H. C., Näthke, I. S., et al. (2004) · Genes & Development · doi:10.1101/gad.287404 · Cited by 799 · see citing works
Smith, J. J., Deane, N. G., Wu, F., Merchant, N. B., Zhang, B., Jiang, A., Lu, P., Johnson, J. C., Schmidt, C. R., Bailey, C. E., et al. (2009) · Gastroenterology · doi:10.1053/j.gastro.2009.11.005 · Cited by 720 · see citing works
Autophosphorylation sites on the epidermal growth factor receptor
Downward, J., Parker, P., & Waterfield, M. D. (1984) · Nature · doi:10.1038/311483a0 · Cited by 704 · see citing works
Understanding resistance to EGFR inhibitors—impact on future treatment strategies
Wheeler, D. L., Dunn, E. F., & Harari, P. M. (2010) · Nature Reviews Clinical Oncology · doi:10.1038/nrclinonc.2010.97 · Cited by 683 · see citing works
Dextran sulfate sodium-induced colitis occurs in severe combined immunodeficient mice
Dieleman, L. A., Ridwan, B. U., Tennyson, G. S., Beagley, K. W., Bucy, R. P., & Elson, C. O. (1994) · Gastroenterology · doi:10.1016/0016-5085(94)90803-6 · Cited by 677 · see citing works
RasGRP, a Ras Guanyl Nucleotide- Releasing Protein with Calcium- and Diacylglycerol-Binding Motifs
Ebinu, J. O., Bottorff, D. A., Chan, E. Y. W., Stang, S. L., Dunn, R. J., & Stone, J. C. (1998) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.280.5366.1082 · Cited by 675 · see citing works
Haigis, K. M., Kendall, K. R., Wang, Y., Cheung, A., Haigis, M. C., Glickman, J. N., Niwa-Kawakita, M., Sweet-Cordero, A., Sebolt-Leopold, J., Shannon, K. M., et al. (2008) · Nature Genetics · doi:10.1038/ng.115 · Cited by 610 · see citing works
Self-citationEGF Receptor is Required for KRAS-induced Pancreatic Tumorigenesis
Ardito, C. M., Grüner, B., Takeuchi, K. K., Lubeseder-Martellato, C., Teichmann, N., Mazur, P., DelGiorno, K. E., Carpenter, E. S., Halbrook, C., Hall, J. C., et al. (2012) · Cancer Cell · doi:10.1016/j.ccr.2012.07.024 · Cited by 522 · see citing works
Margarit, S. M., Sondermann, H., Hall, B. E., Nagar, B., Hoelz, A., Pirruccello, M., Bar‐Sagi, D., & Kuriyan, J. (2003) · Cell · doi:10.1016/s0092-8674(03)00149-1 · Cited by 486 · see citing works
EGFR/Ras/MAPK Signaling Mediates Adult Midgut Epithelial Homeostasis and Regeneration in Drosophila
Jiang, H., Grenley, M. O., Bravo, M. J., Blumhagen, R. Z., & Edgar, B. A. (2010) · Cell stem cell · doi:10.1016/j.stem.2010.11.026 · Cited by 455 · see citing works
Jorissen, R. N., Gibbs, P., Christie, M., Prakash, S., Lipton, L. R., Desai, J., Kerr, R. S., Aaltonen, L. A., Arango, D., Kruhøffer, M., et al. (2009) · Clinical Cancer Research · doi:10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-09-1431 · Cited by 438 · see citing works
Implications for KRAS status and EGFR-targeted therapies in metastatic CRC
Normanno, N., Tejpar, S., Morgillo, F., De Luca, A., Van Cutsem, E., & Ciardiello, F. (2009) · Nature Reviews Clinical Oncology · doi:10.1038/nrclinonc.2009.111 · Cited by 436 · see citing works
Lrig1 controls intestinal stem-cell homeostasis by negative regulation of ErbB signalling
Wong, V. W. Y., Stange, D. E., Page, M. E., Buczacki, S. J. A., Wabik, A., Itami, S., van de Wetering, M., Poulsom, R., Wright, N. A., Trotter, M. W. B., et al. (2012) · Nature Cell Biology · doi:10.1038/ncb2464 · Cited by 409 · see citing works
RasGRP is essential for mouse thymocyte differentiation and TCR signaling
Dower, N. A., Stang, S. L., Bottorff, D. A., Ebinu, J. O., Dickie, P., Ostergaard, H. L., & Stone, J. C. (2000) · Nature Immunology · doi:10.1038/79766 · Cited by 406 · see citing works
Digital signaling and hysteresis characterize Ras activation in lymphoid cells.
Das, J., Ho, M., Zikherman, J., Govern, C., Yang, M., Weiss, A., Chakraborty, A. K., & Roose, J. P. (2009) · Cell · doi:10.1016/j.cell.2008.11.051 · Cited by 398 · see citing works
Self-citationEGF Receptor Signaling Is Essential for K-Ras Oncogene-Driven Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma
Navas, C., Hernández-Porras, I., Schuhmacher, A. J., Sibilia, M., Guerra, C., & Barbacid, M. (2012) · Cancer Cell · doi:10.1016/j.ccr.2012.08.001 · Cited by 391 · see citing works
A Rap guanine nucleotide exchange factor enriched highly in the basal ganglia
Kawasaki, H., Springett, G. M., Toki, S., Canales, J. J., Harlan, P. C., Blumenstiel, J. P., Chen, E. J., Bany, I. A., Mochizuki, N., Ashbacher, A., et al. (1998) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.95.22.13278 · Cited by 353 · see citing works
EGF signaling regulates the proliferation of intestinal stem cells in Drosophila
Biteau, B., & Jasper, H. (2011) · Development · doi:10.1242/dev.056671 · Cited by 301 · see citing works
Serrated Polyps and Colorectal Cancer: New Pathway to Malignancy
Noffsinger, A. E. (2009) · Annual Review of Pathology Mechanisms of Disease · doi:10.1146/annurev.pathol.4.110807.092317 · Cited by 283 · see citing works
Roberts, R. B., Lu, M., Washington, M. K., Olsen, S. J., Settle, S. H., Coffey, R. J., & Threadgill, D. W. (2002) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.032678499 · Cited by 275 · see citing works
Taketo, M. M., & Edelmann, W. (2009) · Gastroenterology · doi:10.1053/j.gastro.2008.12.049 · Cited by 252 · see citing works
Bennecke, M., Kriegl, L., Bajbouj, M., Retzlaff, K., Robine, S., Jung, A., Arkan, M. C., Kirchner, T., & Greten, F. R. (2010) · Cancer Cell · doi:10.1016/j.ccr.2010.06.013 · Cited by 186 · see citing works
Sos-mediated cross-activation of wild-type Ras by oncogenic Ras is essential for tumorigenesis
Jeng, H., Taylor, L. J., & Bar‐Sagi, D. (2012) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/ncomms2173 · Cited by 176 · see citing works
Roose, J. P., Mollenauer, M. N., Ho, M., Kurosaki, T., & Weiss, A. (2007) · Molecular and Cellular Biology · doi:10.1128/mcb.01882-06 · Cited by 172 · see citing works
Self-citationInhibition of Basal FGF Receptor Signaling by Dimeric Grb2
Lin, C., Melo, F. A., Ghosh, R., Suen, K. M., Stagg, L., Kirkpatrick, J., Arold, S. T., Ahmed, Z., & Ladbury, J. E. (2012) · Cell · doi:10.1016/j.cell.2012.04.033 · Cited by 156 · see citing works
Feng, Y., Bommer, G. T., Zhao, J., Green, M. E., Sands, E., Zhai, Y., Brown, K., Burberry, A., Cho, K. R., & Fearon, E. R. (2011) · Gastroenterology · doi:10.1053/j.gastro.2011.05.007 · Cited by 130 · see citing works
Regulation of Ras Signaling Dynamics by Sos-Mediated Positive Feedback
Boykevisch, S., Zhao, C., Sondermann, H., Philippidou, P., Halegoua, S., Kuriyan, J., & Bar‐Sagi, D. (2006) · Current Biology · doi:10.1016/j.cub.2006.09.033 · Cited by 125 · see citing works
Aliaga, J. C., Deschênes, C., Beaulieu, J., Calvo, E. L., & Rivard, N. (1999) · American Journal of Physiology-Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology · doi:10.1152/ajpgi.1999.277.3.g631 · Cited by 123 · see citing works
Ras and extracellular signal-regulated kinase signaling in thymocytes and T cells
Kortum, R. L., Rouquette‐Jazdanian, A. K., & Samelson, L. E. (2013) · Trends in Immunology · doi:10.1016/j.it.2013.02.004 · Cited by 115 · see citing works
Oh-hora, M., Johmura, S., Hashimoto, A., Hikida, M., & Kurosaki, T. (2003) · The Journal of Experimental Medicine · doi:10.1084/jem.20031547 · Cited by 113 · see citing works
Diacylglycerol Kinase ζ Regulates Ras Activation by a Novel Mechanism
Topham, M. K., & Prescott, S. M. (2001) · The Journal of Cell Biology · doi:10.1083/jcb.152.6.1135 · Cited by 111 · see citing works
Porfiri, E., & McCormick, F. P. (1996) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.271.10.5871 · Cited by 110 · see citing works
Staub, E., Groene, J., Heinze, M., Mennerich, D., Roepcke, S., Klaman, I., Hinzmann, B., Castaños‐Vélez, E., Pilarsky, C. P., Mann, B., et al. (2009) · Journal of Molecular Medicine · doi:10.1007/s00109-009-0467-y · Cited by 97 · see citing works
Lee, D., Yu, M., Lee, E., Kim, H., Yang, Y., Kim, K., Pannicia, C., Kurie, J. M., & Threadgill, D. W. (2009) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci36435 · Cited by 91 · see citing works
Structural analysis of autoinhibition in the Ras-specific exchange factor RasGRP1
Iwig, J. S., Vercoulen, Y., Das, R., Barros, T. F., Limnander, A., Che, Y., Pelton, J. G., Wemmer, D. E., Roose, J. P., & Kuriyan, J. (2013) · eLife · doi:10.7554/elife.00813 · Cited by 89 · see citing works
Self-citationGrb2 controls phosphorylation of FGFR2 by inhibiting receptor kinase and Shp2 phosphatase activity
Ahmed, Z., Lin, C.-C., Suen, K. M., Melo, F. A., Levitt, J., Suhling, K., & Ladbury, J. (2013) · Journal of Cell Biology · doi:10.1083/jcb.201204106 · Cited by 80 · see citing works
Suppression of Dextran Sulfate Sodium-Induced Colitis in Mice by Radon Inhalation
Nishiyama, Y., Kataoka, T., Yamato, K., TAGUCHI, T., & Yamaoka, K. (2012) · Mediators of Inflammation · doi:10.1155/2012/239617 · Cited by 75 · see citing works
Molecular determinants of anti-EGFR sensitivity and resistance in metastatic colorectal cancer
Fiore, F. D., Sesboüé, R., Michel, P., Sabourin, J., & Frébourg, T. (2010) · British Journal of Cancer · doi:10.1038/sj.bjc.6606008 · Cited by 71 · see citing works
Origin of the sharp boundary that discriminates positive and negative selection of thymocytes
Prasad, A., Zikherman, J., Das, J., Roose, J. P., Weiss, A., & Chakraborty, A. K. (2008) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.0805981105 · Cited by 70 · see citing works
Self-citationTargeted Sos1 deletion reveals its critical role in early T-cell development
Kortum, R. L., Sommers, C. L., Alexander, C. P., Pinski, J. M., Li, W., Grinberg, A., Lee, J., Love, P. E., & Samelson, L. E. (2011) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1104295108 · Cited by 68 · see citing works
Daley, S. R., Coakley, K. M., Hu, D. Y., Randall, K. L., Jenne, C. N., Limnander, A., Myers, D. R., Polakos, N. K., Enders, A., Roots, C. M., et al. (2013) · eLife · doi:10.7554/elife.01020 · Cited by 65 · see citing works
Self-citationRasGRP Ras guanine nucleotide exchange factors in cancer
Ksionda, O., Limnander, A., & Roose, J. P. (2013) · Frontiers in Biology · doi:10.1007/s11515-013-1276-9 · Cited by 52 · see citing works
Self-citationIdentification of Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor as a Target of Cdc25A Protein Phosphatase
Wang, Z., Wang, M., Lazo, J. S., & Carr, B. I. (2002) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.m201097200 · Cited by 49 · see citing works
Dysregulated RasGRP1 Responds to Cytokine Receptor Input in T Cell Leukemogenesis
Yang, M., Govern, C. C., Chakraborty, A. K., Hartzell, C., Ksionda, O., Lemmens, E., Coakley, K. M., Dail, M., Harvey, R. C., Bakker, J., et al. (2012) · DSpace@MIT (Massachusetts Institute of Technology) · Cited by 49 · see citing works
Self-citationRasGRP3 Contributes to Formation and Maintenance of the Prostate Cancer Phenotype
Yang, D., Kedei, N., Li, L., Tao, J., Velasquez, J. F., Michalowski, A. M., Tóth, B. I., Marincsák, R., Varga, A., Bı́ró, T., et al. (2010) · Cancer Research · doi:10.1158/0008-5472.can-09-4729 · Cited by 47 · see citing works
Transgenic Overexpression of RasGRP1 in Mouse Epidermis Results in Spontaneous Tumors of the Skin
Oki-Idouchi, C. E., & Lorenzo, P. S. (2007) · Cancer Research · doi:10.1158/0008-5472.can-06-3080 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
RasGRP3, a Ras activator, contributes to signaling and the tumorigenic phenotype in human melanoma
Yang, D., Tao, J., Li, L., Kedei, N., Tóth, Z., Czap, A. L., Velasquez, J. F., Mihova, D., Michalowski, A. M., Yuspa, S. H., et al. (2011) · Oncogene · doi:10.1038/onc.2011.166 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
Dysregulated RasGRP1 Responds to Cytokine Receptor Input in T Cell Leukemogenesis
Hartzell, C., Ksionda, O., Lemmens, E., Coakley, K. M., Yang, M., Dail, M., Harvey, R. C., Govern, C. C., Bakker, J., Lenstra, T. L., et al. (2013) · Science Signaling · doi:10.1126/scisignal.2003848 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Self-citation
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Wang, C., Zhang, C., Liu, L., Xi, A., Chen, B., Li, Y., & Du, J. (2017) · Molecular Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.ymthe.2016.09.001 · Cited by 415 · see citing works
Self-citationHazrati, A., Soudi, S., Malekpour, K., Mahmoudi, M., Rahimi, A., Hashemi, S. M., & Varma, R. S. (2022) · Biomarker Research · doi:10.1186/s40364-022-00374-4 · Cited by 162 · see citing works
RASGRP1 deficiency causes immunodeficiency with impaired cytoskeletal dynamics
Salzer, E., Cağdaş, D. N., Hons, M., Mace, E. M., Garncarz, W., Petronczki, Ö. Y., Platzer, R., Pfajfer, L., Bilić, I., Ban, S. A., et al. (2016) · Nature Immunology · doi:10.1038/ni.3575 · Cited by 142 · see citing works
SOS GEFs in health and disease
Baltanás, F. C., Zarich, N., Rojas-Cabañeros, J. M., & Santos, E. (2020) · Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Reviews on Cancer · doi:10.1016/j.bbcan.2020.188445 · Cited by 100 · see citing works
Understanding exosomes: Part 1—Characterization, quantification and isolation techniques
Miron, R. J., & Zhang, Y. (2023) · Periodontology 2000 · doi:10.1111/prd.12520 · Cited by 96 · see citing works
Notch3-dependent β-catenin signaling mediates EGFR TKI drug persistence in EGFR mutant NSCLC
Arasada, R. R., Shilo, K., Yamada, T., Zhang, J., Yano, S., Ghanem, R., Wang, W., Takeuchi, S., Fukuda, K., Katakami, N., et al. (2018) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-018-05626-2 · Cited by 93 · see citing works
Overarching roles of diacylglycerol signaling in cancer development and antitumor immunity
Cooke, M., & Kazanietz, M. G. (2022) · Science Signaling · doi:10.1126/scisignal.abo0264 · Cited by 92 · see citing works
Serum cytokine levels as predictive biomarkers of benefit from ipilimumab in small cell lung cancer
Hardy-Werbin, M., Rocha, P., Arpí, O., Taus, Á., Nonell, L., Durán, X., Villanueva, X., Joseph‐Pietras, D., Nolan, L., Danson, S. J., et al. (2019) · OncoImmunology · doi:10.1080/2162402x.2019.1593810 · Cited by 90 · see citing works
Cui, C., Zhai, D., Cai, L., Duan, Q., Xie, L., & Yu, J. (2017) · Cancer Research and Treatment · doi:10.4143/crt.2017.226 · Cited by 86 · see citing works
Zhou, C., Fan, Z., Zhou, Z., Li, Y., Cui, R., Liu, C., Zhou, G., Diao, X., Jiang, H., Zheng, M., et al. (2022) · Journal of Medicinal Chemistry · doi:10.1021/acs.jmedchem.1c01774 · Cited by 94 · see citing works
Thatikonda, V., Lyu, H., Jurado, S., Kostyrko, K., Bristow, C. A., Albrecht, C., Alpar, D., Arnhof, H., Bergner, O., Bosch, K., et al. (2024) · Nature Cancer · doi:10.1038/s43018-024-00800-6 · Cited by 76 · see citing works
Erlotinib-Conjugated Iron Oxide Nanoparticles as a Smart Cancer-Targeted Theranostic Probe for MRI
Ali, A., Hsu, F., Hsieh, C., Shiau, C.-Y., Chiang, C., Wei, Z., Chen, C., & Huang, H. (2016) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/srep36650 · Cited by 61 · see citing works
Tang, J., Ramis‐Cabrer, D., Curull, V., Wang, X., Mateu-Jiménez, M., Pijuán, L., Durán, X., Qin, L., Rodríguez-Fuster, A., Aguiló, R., et al. (2020) · Cancers · doi:10.3390/cancers12092644 · Cited by 61 · see citing works
Development of SOS1 Inhibitor-Based Degraders to Target KRAS-Mutant Colorectal Cancer
Bian, Y., Alem, D., Beato, F., Hogenson, T. L., Yang, X., Jiang, K., Cai, J., Ma, W. W., Fernández-Zapico, M. E., Tan, A. C., et al. (2022) · Journal of Medicinal Chemistry · doi:10.1021/acs.jmedchem.2c01300 · Cited by 58 · see citing works
Gene signatures of SARS-CoV/SARS-CoV-2-infected ferret lungs in short- and long-term models
Liu, H.-L., Yeh, I., Phan, N. N., Wu, Y., Yen, M., Hung, J., Chiao, C.-C., Chen, C., Sun, Z., Jiang, J., et al. (2020) · Infection Genetics and Evolution · doi:10.1016/j.meegid.2020.104438 · Cited by 56 · see citing works
Self-citationJana, S., Brahma, S., Arora, S., Wladyka, C. L., Hoang, P., Blinka, S. M., Hough, R. P., Horn, J. L., Liu, Y., Wang, L., et al. (2023) · Cancer Cell · doi:10.1016/j.ccell.2023.03.021 · Cited by 56 · see citing works
Self-citationComprehensive analysis of the lncRNA‑associated competing endogenous RNA network in breast cancer
Wang, J., Huang, Y., Song, W., Li, Y., Wang, H., Wang, W., & Huang, M. (2019) · Oncology Reports · doi:10.3892/or.2019.7374 · Cited by 46 · see citing works
Gene expression in triple-negative breast cancer in relation to survival
Wang, S., Beeghly-Fadiel, A. C., Cai, Q., Cai, H., Guo, X., Shi, L., Wu, J., Ye, F., Qiu, Q., Zheng, Y., et al. (2018) · Breast Cancer Research and Treatment · doi:10.1007/s10549-018-4816-9 · Cited by 45 · see citing works
Vercoulen, Y., Kondo, Y., Iwig, J. S., Janssen, A. B., White, K. A., Amini, M., Barber, D. L., Kuriyan, J., & Roose, J. P. (2017) · eLife · doi:10.7554/elife.29002 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
Self-citationNakhaei‐Rad, S., Haghighi, F., Nouri, P., Adariani, S. R., Lissy, J., Jasemi, N. S. K., Dvorský, R., & Ahmadian, M. R. (2018) · Critical Reviews in Biochemistry and Molecular Biology · doi:10.1080/10409238.2018.1431605 · Cited by 43 · see citing works
Sp1‐regulated transcription of Ras GRP 1 promotes hepatocellular carcinoma ( HCC ) proliferation
Zhang, X., Zhuang, H., Han, F., Shao, X., Liu, Y., Ma, X., Wang, Z., Qiang, Z., & Li, Y. (2018) · Liver International · doi:10.1111/liv.13757 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Casar, B., Badrock, A. P., Jiménez, I., Arozarena, I., Colón‐Bolea, P., Lorenzo‐Martín, L. F., Ramirez, I. B.-R., Barriuso, J., Cappitelli, V., Donoghue, D. J., et al. (2018) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-018-05941-8 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Yang, R., Wu, Y., Zou, J., Zhou, J., Wang, M., Hao, X., & Cui, H. (2016) · Oncotarget · doi:10.18632/oncotarget.9199 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
Differential Role of the RasGEFs Sos1 and Sos2 in Mouse Skin Homeostasis and Carcinogenesis
Liceras-Boillos, P., Jimeno, D., García‐Navas, R., Lorenzo‐Martín, L. F., Menacho-Márquez, M., Segrelles, C., Gómez, C., Calzada, N., Fuentes‐Mateos, R., Paramio, J. M., et al. (2018) · Molecular and Cellular Biology · doi:10.1128/mcb.00049-18 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Wang, C., Li, X., Xue, B., Yu, C., Wang, L., Deng, R., Liu, H., Chen, Z., Zhang, Y., Fan, S., et al. (2022) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-022-34659-x · Cited by 29 · see citing works
Self-citationLuo, G., Wang, B., Hou, Q., & Wu, X. (2023) · Journal of Medicinal Chemistry · doi:10.1021/acs.jmedchem.2c01729 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Jiao, N., Xu, D., Qiu, K., Wang, L., Wang, L., Piao, X., & Yin, J. (2020) · The FASEB Journal · doi:10.1096/fj.201902503r · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Kechele, D. O., Blue, R. E., Zwarycz, B., Espenschied, S. T., Mah, A. T., Siegel, M. B., Perou, C. M., Ding, S., Magness, S. T., Lund, P. K., et al. (2017) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci87588 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
RasGRP1 is a potential biomarker for stratifying anti-EGFR therapy response in colorectal cancer
Gbenedio, O. M., Bonnans, C., Grün, D., Wang, C., Hatch, A. J., Mahoney, M. R., Barras, D., Matli, M. R., Miao, Y., García, K. C., et al. (2019) · JCI Insight · doi:10.1172/jci.insight.127552 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Self-citationIdentified the novel resistant biomarkers for taxane-based therapy for triple-negative breast cancer
Chou, C.-W., Huang, Y.-M., Chang, Y., Huang, C., & Hung, C. (2021) · International Journal of Medical Sciences · doi:10.7150/ijms.59177 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
A Focused Review of Ras Guanine Nucleotide-Releasing Protein 1 in Immune Cells and Cancer
Hsu, T. C., Rodrigues, G. O. L., Winer, H. Y., Hixon, J. A., Li, W., Tarasova, N. I., & Durum, S. K. (2023) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms24021652 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Anuraga, G., Lang, J., Xuan, D. T. M., Ta, H. D. K., Jiang, J., Sun, Z., Dey, S., Kumar, S., Singh, A., Kajla, G., et al. (2023) · Journal of Infection and Public Health · doi:10.1016/j.jiph.2023.10.035 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Self-citationColorectal cancer spheroid biobanks: multi-level approaches to drug sensitivity studies
Angelis, M. L. D., Bruselles, A., Francescangeli, F., Pucilli, F., Vitale, S., Zeuner, A., Tartaglia, M., & Baiocchi, M. (2018) · Cell Biology and Toxicology · doi:10.1007/s10565-018-9423-3 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Zhong, T., Wang, C., Hu, J., Chen, X., Niu, L., Zhan, S., Wang, L., Guo, J., Cao, J., Li, L., et al. (2020) · Animals · doi:10.3390/ani10111951 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Self-citationcircPTEN suppresses colorectal cancer progression through regulating PTEN/AKT pathway
Li, C., & Xu, L. (2021) · Molecular Therapy — Nucleic Acids · doi:10.1016/j.omtn.2021.05.018 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Novel signaling pathways regulate SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2 infectious disease
Cheng, L.-C., Kao, T., Phan, N. N., Chiao, C.-C., Yen, M., Chen, C., Hung, J., Jiang, J.-Z., Sun, Z., Wang, C., et al. (2021) · Medicine · doi:10.1097/md.0000000000024321 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Self-citationTheard, P. L., Linke, A. J., Sealover, N. E., Daley, B. R., Yang, J. J., Cox, K., & Kortum, R. L. (2023) · Molecular Oncology · doi:10.1002/1878-0261.13564 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Development of PROTACS degrading KRAS and SOS1
Hamilton, G., Eggerstorfer, M.-T., & Stickler, S. (2024) · Oncology Research Featuring Preclinical and Clinical Cancer Therapeutics · doi:10.32604/or.2024.051653 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Zhong, T., Hu, J., Xiao, P., Zhan, S., Wang, L., Guo, J., Li, L., Zhang, H., & Niu, L. (2017) · Frontiers in Genetics · doi:10.3389/fgene.2017.00163 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Wen, Z. H., Yun, G., Hebert, A. S., Kong, G., Ranheim, E. A., Finn, R., Rajagoplan, A., Li, S., Zhou, Y., Yu, M., et al. (2021) · Blood · doi:10.1182/blood.2020009082 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Self-citationLi, Y., Lu, S., Lan, M., Peng, X., Zhang, Z., & Lang, J. (2020) · Journal of Translational Medicine · doi:10.1186/s12967-020-02387-9 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Current advances and development strategies of targeting son of sevenless 1 (SOS1) in drug discovery
Wu, J., Li, X., Wu, C., Wang, D., & Zhang, J. (2024) · European Journal of Medicinal Chemistry · doi:10.1016/j.ejmech.2024.116282 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
A novel antiproliferative PKCα-Ras-ERK signaling axis in intestinal epithelial cells
Kaur, N., Lum, M. A., Lewis, R. E., Black, A. R., & Black, J. D. (2022) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1016/j.jbc.2022.102121 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Zhang, X., Liu, Y., Yang, R., Guo, Y., Yan, M., Xiao, Y., Dong, Y., Zhang, R., Qin, Y., Bu, Y., et al. (2023) · Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry · doi:10.1007/s11010-023-04839-4 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Wu, Y., Chiao, C.-C., Chuang, P.-K., Hsieh, C.-B., Ko, C., Ko, C., Chang, C., Chen, T., Nguyen, N. U. N., Hsu, C., et al. (2024) · International Journal of Medical Sciences · doi:10.7150/ijms.97975 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Self-citationRegulation of the Small GTPase Ras and Its Relevance to Human Disease
Kulhanek, K. R., Roose, J. P., & Rubio, I. (2021) · Methods in molecular biology · doi:10.1007/978-1-0716-1190-6_2 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Self-citationTargeting guanine nucleotide exchange factors for novel cancer drug discovery
Bannoura, S. F., Khan, H. Y., Uddin, M. H., Mohammad, R. M., Pasche, B., & Azmi, A. S. (2024) · Expert Opinion on Drug Discovery · doi:10.1080/17460441.2024.2368242 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Tang, J., Curull, V., Ramis‐Cabrer, D., Durán, X., Rodríguez-Fuster, A., Aguiló, R., & Barreiro, E. (2020) · Archivos de Bronconeumología · doi:10.1016/j.arbres.2020.07.021 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Cell-type-resolved genetic variation shapes inflammatory bowel disease risk
Alegbe, T., Harris, B. T., Fachal, L., Ramirez-Navarro, L., Tutert, M., Krzak, M., Ghouraba, M., Strickland, M., Ozols, M., Cohen, C. E., et al. (2026) · Nature · doi:10.1038/s41586-026-10627-z · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Begovich, K., Schoolmeesters, A., Rajapakse, N., Martínez‐Terroba, E., Kumar, M., Shakya, A., Lai, C., Greene, S., Whitefield, B., Okano, A., et al. (2024) · Molecular Cancer Therapeutics · doi:10.1158/1535-7163.mct-23-0513 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Tang, J., Curull, V., Ramis‐Cabrer, D., Durán, X., Rodríguez-Fuster, A., Aguiló, R., & Barreiro, E. (2021) · Archivos de Bronconeumología · doi:10.1016/j.arbr.2020.07.016 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Wang, K., Zhou, Z., Ma, X., Xu, J., Xu, W., Zhou, G., Zhou, C., Li, H., Zheng, M., Zhang, S., et al. (2024) · Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry Letters · doi:10.1016/j.bmcl.2024.129780 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Fan, S., Kang, B., Li, S., Li, W., Chen, C., Chen, J., Deng, L., Chen, D., & Zhou, J. (2024) · Cell Cycle · doi:10.1080/15384101.2024.2366009 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Flavors of EGFR-Ras signals impacting intestinal homeostasis
Depeille, P., & Roose, J. P. (2015) · Cell Cycle · doi:10.1080/15384101.2015.1084203 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Self-citationHu, H., He, J., & Zhao, H. (2025) · ONCOLOGIE · doi:10.1515/oncologie-2024-0520 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
An overview of PROTACs targeting KRAS and SOS1 as antitumor agents
Han, Z., Wu, Q., Rao, H., Xu, T., & Zhou, C. (2025) · Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry Letters · doi:10.1016/j.bmcl.2025.130283 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
RasGRP1 induces autophagy and transformation-associated changes in primary human keratinocytes
Fonseca, L. L., Yang, W. S., Geerts, D., Turkson, J., Ji, J., & Ramos, J. W. (2020) · Translational Oncology · doi:10.1016/j.tranon.2020.100880 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Unexpected insights for anti-EGFR cancer therapy
Depeille, P., Warren, R. S., & Roose, J. P. (2015) · Oncotarget · doi:10.18632/oncotarget.5115 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Self-citationKinase and Phosphatase Effector Pathways in T Cells
Myers, D. R., & Roose, J. P. (2016) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-374279-7.11006-9 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Self-citationDeubiquitinase OTUD7B Regulates Cell Proliferation in Breast Cancer
Zhang, X., Zhang, P., Chen, X., Liu, X., Liú, W., Hu, X., Sun, C., Wang, X., & Shi, J. (2024) · Clinical Breast Cancer · doi:10.1016/j.clbc.2024.10.002 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Phutiyothin, C., Pattanapanyasat, K., & Kumphune, S. (2026) · Animal Models and Experimental Medicine · doi:10.1002/ame2.70199 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
RASGRP1 targeted by H3K27me3 regulates myoblast proliferation and differentiation in mice and pigs
Xiao, L., Qiao, J., Huang, Y., Tan, B., Hong, L., Li, Z., Cai, G., Wu, Z., Zheng, E., Wang, S., et al. (2024) · Acta Biochimica et Biophysica Sinica · doi:10.3724/abbs.2024011 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Zeng, Y., Huang, C., Hou, Q., Jiang, W., Cheng, J., & Wu, X. (2024) · Bioorganic Chemistry · doi:10.1016/j.bioorg.2024.107833 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Fine-tuning of Epithelial EGFR signals Supports Coordinated Mammary Gland DevelopmentPreprint
Samocha, A. J., Doh, H. M., Sitarama, V., Nguyen, Q., Gbenedio, O. M., Rudolph, J. D., Eckalbar, W. L., Barczak, A. J., Miao, Y., García, K. C., et al. (2020) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2020.09.10.291872 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Self-citationWang, C., Li, X., Yu, C., Wang, L., Deng, R., Liu, H., Chen, Z., Zhang, Y., Fan, S., Sun, H.-Y., et al. (2021) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2021.03.11.434895 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Self-citationCell-type-resolved genetic regulatory variation shapes inflammatory bowel disease riskPreprint
Alegbe, T., Harris, B. T., Fachal, L., Ramirez-Navarro, L., Tutert, M., Krzak, M., Ghouraba, M., Strickland, M., Ozols, M., Cohen, C. E., et al. (2025) · medRxiv · doi:10.1101/2025.06.24.25330216 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Zhong, T., Wang, C., Hu, J., Chen, X., Niu, L., Zhan, S., Wang, L., Cao, J., Li, L., & Zhang, H. (2020) · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-40834/v1
Self-citationActivation of Serine/Threonine Protein Kinases and Phosphatases by Lymphocyte Antigen Receptors
Morel, P. A. (2024) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-128-24465-4.00091-0
Li, Y., Lu, S., Lan, M., Xinhao, P., Zhang, Z., & Lang, J. (2020) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.12440543
Li, Y., Lu, S., Lan, M., Xinhao, P., Zhang, Z., & Lang, J. (2020) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.12440540
Jeong, S., Moon, H., Kim, H., Song, B., Kim, I.-K., Kim, S. H., Lim, S., & Lee, S. (2026) · Clinical Hemorheology and Microcirculation · doi:10.1177/13860291261459308
Rasgrp1-Mediated Dampening of EGFR Signals Supports Coordinated Mammary Gland Development
Samocha, A. J., Shechtman, L. A., Tapia, E. B., Doh, H. M., Gbenedio, O. M., Sitarama, V., Nguyen, Q., Rudolph, J. D., Eckalbar, W. L., Barczak, A. J., et al. (2026) · Cells · doi:10.3390/cells15141288
Self-citationJuan, A. O.-S., Rodríguez-Ramos, P., Díaz-Aguilera, A., Calzada, N., Gómez, C., Fuentes‐Mateos, R., Fernández‐Medarde, A., Nogueiras, R., Díaz, D., Santos, E., et al. (2026) · Cell Death and Disease · doi:10.1038/s41419-026-09185-z
Chen, H., Chen, N., Liang, S., Ma, L., Jing, N., Xiao, Y., Ren, Y., & Wu, H. (2026) · Applied and Environmental Microbiology · doi:10.1128/aem.00424-26
RasGRP1 promotes efficient intestinal tuft cell differentiationPreprint
Shechtman, L. A., Depeille, P., Smith, E., Liang, H.-E., Tam, T. S. Y., Duflock, A., Cortez, V. S., O’Leary, C. E., Shen, A., Bos, W., et al. (2026) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.64898/2026.09.30.755407
Self-citationGrb2 phosphorylation antagonizes EGFR-driven ras activation by interfering with condensate assembly
Phan, H. T., Lin, C.-W., Stinger, B. L., DeGrandchamp, J. B., Lew, L. J. N., Huang, S. J., & Groves, J. T. (2026) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0361303
- Authors
- Depeille, P., Henricks, L. M., van de Ven, R. A. H., Lemmens, E., Wang, C.-Y., Matli, M., Werb, Z., Haigis, K. M., Donner, D., Warren, R., & Roose, J. P.
- Affiliations
- University of California, San Francisco (US)
- Massachusetts General Hospital (US)
- Corresponding author
- Depeille, Philippe
- Roose, Jeroen P.
- ORCID
- Venue
- Nature Cell Biology
- Published
- 2015-05-25
- Volume
- 17
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 804-815
- ISSN
- 1465-7392 (ISSN-L)
- 1476-4679
- PMC
- PMC4652934
- OpenAlex
- W1495352559
- Cited by
- 80
- References
- 69
- Citations by year
- 2026: 8 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 13 · 2023: 7 · 2022: 6 · 2021: 7 · 2020: 12 · 2019: 3 · 2018: 7 · 2017: 6 · 2016: 4 · 2015: 2
- FWCI
- 2.75
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Licence
- www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
- Locations
- Nature Cell Biology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- HAL (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- eScholarship (California Digital Library) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health (5k01ca118425-05)
- National Cancer Institute (U54CA143874, K01-CA118425, R01CA057621)
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (P01AI091580)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Protein Kinase Regulation and GTPase Signaling
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Cell Biology › Cellular transport and secretion
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases
- Keywords
- RasGRP1, SOS1, EGFR signaling, intestinal epithelial cell proliferation, colorectal cancer, KRAS, Wnt signaling, APC mutation, negative feedback loop, intestinal crypts, carcinogenesis, clinical outcomes
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Cell Differentiation, Epithelial Cells, Humans, Intestinal Mucosa, Mice, Inbred C57BL, Neoplasm Transplantation, Transplantation, Heterologous, Colorectal Neoplasms, Signal Transduction, Proto-Oncogene Proteins p21(ras), Mice, Knockout, Guanine Nucleotide Exchange Factors, SOS1 Protein, Adenomatous Polyposis Coli Protein, RNA Interference, RNA, Small Interfering, Cell Line, Tumor, Cell Proliferation, Wnt Proteins, Mice, Wnt Signaling Pathway, ErbB Receptors
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
