Fairness violations elicit greater punishment on behalf of another than for oneself
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Classic psychology and economic studies argue that punishment is the standard response to violations of fairness norms. Typically, individuals are presented with the option to punish the transgressor or not. However, such a narrow choice set may fail to capture stronger alternative preferences for restoring justice. Here we show, in contrast to the majority of findings on social punishment, that other forms of justice restoration (for example, compensation to the victim) are strongly preferred to punitive measures. Furthermore, these alternative preferences for restoring justice depend on the perspective of the deciding agent. When people are the recipient of an unfair offer, they prefer to compensate themselves without seeking retribution, even when punishment is free. Yet when people observe a fairness violation targeted at another, they change their decision to the most punitive option. Together these findings indicate that humans prefer alternative forms of justice restoration to punishment alone.
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People are sensitive to the magnitude of fairness violations, including in the Justice Game.
“Given that behavioral economic experiments examining fairness norms have found that people are sensitive to the magnitude of fairness violations, including in the Justice Game 33 , we defined the proportion of punishers in a way that would allow us to match fairness violations across trials.”
From Crowdsourcing punishment: Individuals reference group preferences to inform their own punitive decisions (2019) · cites this paper as [33]
The Justice Game is an economic task specifically designed to measure punitive and non-punitive responses to fairness violations.
“Subjects completed a variant of the Justice Game, an economic task specifically designed to measure punitive and non-punitive responses to fairness violations 33 .”
From Crowdsourcing punishment: Individuals reference group preferences to inform their own punitive decisions (2019) · cites this paper as [33]
People punish norm violators both as a second-party victim or third-party juror.
“Given existing work illustrating that people punish norm violators both as a second-party victim or third-party juror 19 , 20 , 33 , we then tested whether an individual’s susceptibility to group influence hinges on whether they are a wronged victim or an unaffected juror (Experiments 3–4).”
From Crowdsourcing punishment: Individuals reference group preferences to inform their own punitive decisions (2019) · cites this paper as [33]
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- Authors
- FeldmanHall, O., Sokol-Hessner, P., Van Bavel, J. J., & Phelps, E. A.
- Affiliations
- New York University (US)
- Nathan Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research (US)
- Corresponding author
- Phelps, Elizabeth A.
- Venue
- Nature Communications
- Published
- 2014-10-28
- Volume
- 5
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 5306-5306
- ISSN
- 2041-1723 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC4266485
- OpenAlex
- W1990254951
- Cited by
- 106
- References
- 41
- Citations by year
- 2026: 4 · 2025: 10 · 2024: 14 · 2023: 14 · 2022: 12 · 2021: 18 · 2020: 6 · 2019: 5 · 2018: 6 · 2017: 7 · 2016: 3 · 2015: 5 · 2014: 1
- FWCI
- 14.85
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Nature Communications (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- RePEc: Research Papers in Economics (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute on Aging (R01AG039283)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Safety Research › Experimental Behavioral Economics Studies
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Psychology of Moral and Emotional Judgment
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Social Power and Status Dynamics
- Keywords
- fairness violations, social punishment, restoration of justice, compensation, ultimatum game, perspective effects, retribution, fairness norms, prosocial behavior
- MeSH terms
- Choice Behavior, Ego, Female, Game Theory, Humans, Male, Punishment, Social Justice, Young Adult
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