Microarray data normalization and transformation
Abstract
Underlying every microarray experiment is an experimental question that one would like to address. Finding a useful and satisfactory answer relies on careful experimental design and the use of a variety of data-mining tools to explore the relationships between genes or reveal patterns of expression. While other sections of this issue deal with these lofty issues, this review focuses on the much more mundane but indispensable tasks of 'normalizing' data from individual hybridizations to make meaningful comparisons of expression levels, and of 'transforming' them to select genes for further analysis and data mining.
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A robust local regression procedure (LOWESS) was performed to remove systematic variations in measured gene expression levels so differences could be distinguished accurately and precisely.
“A robust local regression procedure (LOWESS) was performed to remove the systematic variations in the measured gene expression levels so that differences in expression across the samples could be distinguished accurately and precisely (21).”
From A High-Fat Diet Coordinately Downregulates Genes Required for Mitochondrial Oxidative Phosphorylation in Skeletal Muscle (2005) · cites this paper as [21]
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- Authors
- Quackenbush, J.
- Corresponding author
- Quackenbush, John
- ORCID
- Quackenbush, John
- Venue
- Nature Genetics
- Published
- 2002-12
- Volume
- 32
- Issue
- S4
- Pages
- 496-501
- ISSN
- 1061-4036 (ISSN-L)
- 1546-1718
- OpenAlex
- W2133111499
- Cited by
- 1,975
- References
- 19
- Citations by year
- 2026: 25 · 2025: 38 · 2024: 38 · 2023: 45 · 2022: 53 · 2021: 53 · 2020: 61 · 2019: 49 · 2018: 51 · 2017: 51 · 2016: 61 · 2015: 68 · 2014: 75 · 2013: 87 · 2012: 90
- FWCI
- 43.10
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Licence
- www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
- Locations
- Nature Genetics (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Gene expression and cancer classification
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Bioinformatics and Genomic Networks
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Genomics and Phylogenetic Studies
- Keywords
- microarray normalization, data transformation, gene expression data, nucleic acid hybridization, gene selection, data mining
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Data Interpretation, Statistical, Forecasting, Humans, Research Design, Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis, Gene Expression Profiling
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