Weight loss regulates inflammation‐related genes in white adipose tissue of obese subjects
Abstract
Adipose tissue produces inflammation and immunity molecules suspected to be involved in obesity‐related complications. The pattern of expression and the nutritional regulation of these molecules in humans are poorly understood. We analyzed the gene expression profiles of subcutaneous white adipose tissue from 29 obese subjects during very low calorie diet (VLCD) using cDNA microarray and reverse transcription quantitative PCR. The patterns of expression were compared with that of 17 non‐obese subjects. We determined whether the regulated genes were expressed in adipocytes or stromavascular fraction cells. Gene expression profiling identified 100 inflammation‐related transcripts that are regulated in obese individuals when eating a 28 day VLCD but not a 2 day VLCD. Cluster analysis showed that the pattern of gene expression in obese subjects after 28 day VLCD was closer to the profile of lean subjects than to the pattern of obese subjects before VLCD. Weight loss improves the inflammatory profile of obese subjects through a decrease of proinflammatory factors and an increase of anti‐inflammatory molecules. The genes are expressed mostly in the stromavascular fraction of adipose tissue, which is shown to contain numerous macrophages. The beneficial effect of weight loss on obesity‐related complications may be associated with the modification of the inflammatory profile in adipose tissue.— Clément, K., Viguerie, N., Poitou, C., Carette, C., Pelloux, V., Curat, C. A., Sicard, A., Rome, S., Benis, A., Zucker, J.‐D., Vidal, H., Laville, M., Barsh, G. S., Basdevant, A., Stich, V., Cancello R., Langin, D. Weight loss regulates inflammation‐related genes in white adipose tissue of obese subjects. FASEB J. 18, 1657–1669 (2004)
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Weight loss through reduced dietary intake and possibly bariatric surgery is associated with reductions in primary pro-inflammatory markers, partly due to normalized expression of inflammation-related genes in white adipose tissue and downregulation of the NLRP3 inflammasome.
“Weight loss through reduced dietary intake and possibly bariatric surgery is associated with reductions in primary pro-inflammatory markers, in part owing to normalized expression of inflammation-related genes in white adipose tissue and to downregulation of the NLRP3 inflammasome58–61.”
From Inflammageing: chronic inflammation in ageing, cardiovascular disease, and frailty (2018) · cites this paper as [59]
Highly cross-linked advanced glycation end products and melanoidins are predominantly excreted in faeces, while absorbed Maillard reaction products are generally rapidly excreted by the kidney with limited accumulation in tissues and organs.
“Highly cross-linked AGE and melanoidins were predominantly excreted in the faeces while absorbed MRP were in general rapidly excreted by the kidney, with limited accumulation in tissues and organs (465,528 -531) .”
From Dietary factors and low-grade inflammation in relation to overweight and obesity (2011) · cites this paper as [531]
Adipose loss leads to improvement of the inflammatory profile, with a concomitant reduction of infiltrating macrophages.
“Adipose loss leads to the improvement of the inflammatory profile [11], with a concomitant reduction of infiltrating macrophages [13].”
From Adipose tissue transcriptomic signature highlights the pathological relevance of extracellular matrix in human obesity (2008) · cites this paper as [11]
The non-adipose stroma vascular fraction (SVF) of WAT, comprising infiltrated macrophages among other cellular types, is a source of inflammation-related molecules that may exert a local action on adipose tissue biology, particularly within the enlarged WAT.
“Although some molecules secreted by WAT, such as leptin and adiponectin, are synthesized by mature adipocytes [8], the non-adipose SVF, comprising infiltrated macrophages among other cellular types, is a source of inflammation-related molecules that may exert a local action on adipose tissue biology, particularly within the enlarged WAT [9-11].”
From Adipose tissue transcriptomic signature highlights the pathological relevance of extracellular matrix in human obesity (2008) · cites this paper as [11]
Weight loss is associated with improvement in the inflammatory profile and regression of macrophage infiltration in WAT.
“We have shown previously that weight loss is associated with improvement in the inflammatory profile, together with regression of macrophage infiltration in WAT [11].”
From Adipose tissue transcriptomic signature highlights the pathological relevance of extracellular matrix in human obesity (2008) · cites this paper as [11]
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- Authors
- ClÉment, K., Viguerie, N., Poitou, C., Carette, C., Pelloux, V., Curat, C. A., Sicard, A., Rome, S., Benis, A., Zucker, J., Vidal, H., Laville, M., Barsh, G. S., Basdevant, A., Stich, V., Cancello, R., & Langin, D.
- Affiliations
- Inserm (FR)
- Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (FR)
- Goethe University Frankfurt (DE)
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute (US)
- Franco‐Czech Laboratory for Clinical Research on Obesity French Institute of Health and Medical Research (Inserm U586) and 3rd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University Prague Czech Republic
- ORCID
- Venue
- The FASEB Journal
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2004-11
- Volume
- 18
- Issue
- 14
- Pages
- 1657-1669
- ISSN
- 0892-6638 (ISSN-L)
- 1530-6860
- OpenAlex
- W2160412430
- Cited by
- 640
- References
- 56
- Citations by year
- 2026: 4 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 10 · 2023: 13 · 2022: 9 · 2021: 16 · 2020: 28 · 2019: 24 · 2018: 23 · 2017: 26 · 2016: 39 · 2015: 28 · 2014: 32 · 2013: 45 · 2012: 48
- FWCI
- 28.04
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- The FASEB Journal (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (4NU10G)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Adipokines, Inflammation, and Metabolic Diseases
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Adipose Tissue and Metabolism
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Cardiovascular Disease and Adiposity
- Keywords
- weight loss, obesity, white adipose tissue, inflammation, gene expression profiling, very low calorie diet, subcutaneous adipose tissue, stromal vascular fraction, adipocytes, macrophages, pro-inflammatory genes, anti-inflammatory genes, adipose tissue inflammation
- MeSH terms
- Adipose Tissue, Adult, Female, Gene Expression Regulation, Humans, Inflammation, Obesity, Sialoglycoproteins, Weight Loss, Interleukin-10, Inflammation Mediators, Gene Expression Profiling, Caloric Restriction, Interleukin 1 Receptor Antagonist Protein
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