The DOI matches its Crossref record; 139 of the 139 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Control of adaptive immunity by the innate immune system
Open accessAbstract
Microbial infections are recognized by the innate immune system both to elicit immediate defense and to generate long-lasting adaptive immunity. To detect and respond to vastly different groups of pathogens, the innate immune system uses several recognition systems that rely on sensing common structural and functional features associated with different classes of microorganisms. These recognition systems determine microbial location, viability, replication and pathogenicity. Detection of these features by recognition pathways of the innate immune system is translated into different classes of effector responses though specialized populations of dendritic cells. Multiple mechanisms for the induction of immune responses are variations on a common design principle wherein the cells that sense infections produce one set of cytokines to induce lymphocytes to produce another set of cytokines, which in turn activate effector responses. Here we discuss these emerging principles of innate control of adaptive immunity.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“TLRs do not directly initiate phagocytosis but facilitate it more effectively [27].”
From Insights of Endocytosis Signaling in Health and Disease (2023) · cites this paper as [27]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredIn the citing paper
“In more than 400 healthy, middle to early old age participants drawn from the Whitehall II Cohort study, self-reported short sleep duration in men, but not in women, was related to shorter leukocyte telomere length”
From The Sleep-Immune Crosstalk in Health and Disease (2019) · cites this paper as [267]
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Neutrophil Extracellular Traps Kill Bacteria
Brinkmann, V., Reichard, U., Goosmann, C., Fauler, B., Uhlemann, Y., Weiss, D. S., Weinrauch, Y., & Zychlinsky, A. (2004) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1092385 · Cited by 10,268
The role of pattern-recognition receptors in innate immunity: update on Toll-like receptors
Kawai, T., & Akira, S. (2010) · Nature Immunology · doi:10.1038/ni.1863 · Cited by 9,304
Acute-Phase Proteins and Other Systemic Responses to Inflammation
Gabay, C., & Kushner, I. (1999) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm199902113400607 · Cited by 6,734
Origin and physiological roles of inflammation
Medzhitov, R. (2008) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature07201 · Cited by 6,618
Self-citationKorn, T., Bettelli, E., Oukka, M., & Kuchroo, V. K. (2009) · Annual Review of Immunology · doi:10.1146/annurev.immunol.021908.132710 · Cited by 4,873
Macrophage biology in development, homeostasis and disease
Wynn, T. A., Chawla, A., & Pollard, J. W. (2013) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature12034 · Cited by 4,684
Plant pathogens and integrated defence responses to infection
Dangl, J. L., & Jones, J. D. G. (2001) · Nature · doi:10.1038/35081161 · Cited by 3,959
Approaching the asymptote? Evolution and revolution in immunology.Preprint
Janeway, C. (1989) · Cold Spring Harbor Symposia on Quantitative Biology · doi:10.1101/sqb.1989.054.01.003 · Cited by 3,396
Cryopyrin activates the inflammasome in response to toxins and ATP
Mariathasan, S., Weiss, D. S., Newton, K., McBride, J., O'Rourke, K., Roose-Girma, M., Lee, W. P., Weinrauch, Y., Monack, D. M., & Dixit, V. M. (2006) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature04515 · Cited by 3,080
Development of Monocytes, Macrophages, and Dendritic Cells
Geissmann, F., Manz, M. G., Jung, S., Sieweke, M. H., Merad, M., & Ley, K. (2010) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1178331 · Cited by 3,049
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Items 301–400 of 1,003
Voss, O. H., Murakami, Y., Peña, M., Lee, H., Tian, L., Margulies, D. H., Street, J. M., Yuen, P. S. T., Qi, C., Krzewski, K., et al. (2016) · Immunity · doi:10.1016/j.immuni.2016.05.005 · Cited by 77
“Expression of CD300b on Macrophages Augments Lethal Inflammation Various immune cells have been implicated in regulating sepsis, including Macs, DCs, neutrophils, and NK cells (Iwasaki and Medzhitov, 2015).”
InfluentialChu, Q., Zhang, Y., Chen, W., Jia, R., Yu, X., Wang, Y., Li, Y., Liu, Y., Ye, X., Yu, L., et al. (2019) · International Journal of Biological Macromolecules · doi:10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.10.035 · Cited by 77
Severe COVID-19: what have we learned with the immunopathogenesis?
Corrêa, B. B., Rodrigues, M. B., Cortez, A. F., Vieira, M., & Pinheiro, M. M. (2020) · Revista Brasileira de Reumatologia · doi:10.1186/s42358-020-00151-7 · Cited by 83
APOE4 confers transcriptomic and functional alterations to primary mouse microglia
Machlovi, S. I., Neuner, S. M., Hemmer, B. M., Khan, R., Liu, Y., Huang, M., Zhu, J. D., Castellano, J. M., Cai, D., Marcora, E., et al. (2022) · Neurobiology of Disease · doi:10.1016/j.nbd.2022.105615 · Cited by 73
“We also included toll-like receptors, which can cooperate with phagocytic receptors in the uptake of either pathogens or host-derived cellular debris (Iwasaki and Medzhitov, 2015; Kawai and Akira, 2011).”
BackgroundXu, J., Gao, C., He, Y., Fang, X., Sun, D., Peng, Z.-K., Xiao, H., Sun, M., Zhang, P., Zhou, T., et al. (2022) · Molecular Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.ymthe.2022.08.023 · Cited by 75
“9 However, prolonged exposure to PRR ligands such as lipopolysaccharide (LPS) affects the signal transduction inside the cell and induces an immunosuppressive state known as endotoxin tolerance.”
VDAC2 loss elicits tumour destruction and inflammation for cancer therapy
Yuan, S., Sun, R., Shi, H., Chapman, N. M., Hu, H., Guy, C. S., Rankin, S. L., Anil, K. C., Palacios, G., Meng, X., et al. (2025) · Nature · doi:10.1038/s41586-025-08732-6 · Cited by 82
“While innate control of adaptive immunity is a fundamental immunological principle 59,60 , our study provides insights into how adaptive immunity instructs innate immune-like reprogramming in tumour cells.”
Enteric Virome Sensing—Its Role in Intestinal Homeostasis and Immunity
Metzger, R., Krug, A., & Eisenächer, K. (2018) · Viruses · doi:10.3390/v10040146 · Cited by 81
“Virus sensing by cDC1 via endosomal TLRs further promotes efficient cross-priming of CD8+ T cells [253].”
BackgroundInfluentialArtificial Natural Killer Cells for Specific Tumor Inhibition and Renegade Macrophage Re‐Education
Zou, M., Liu, W., Gao, F., Bai, X., Chen, H., Zeng, X., & Zhang, X. (2019) · Advanced Materials · doi:10.1002/adma.201904495 · Cited by 76
Leung, D. W., & Amarasinghe, G. K. (2016) · Current Opinion in Structural Biology · doi:10.1016/j.sbi.2016.02.001 · Cited by 75
“IFN-a/b produced as a result of these signaling events can function in an autocrine and paracrine manner, leading to the induction of a large number of antiviral molecules [1,6,11] (Figure 1).”
InfluentialInflammasome-Mediated Immunogenicity of Clinical and Experimental Vaccine Adjuvants
Reinke, S., Thakur, A., Gartlan, C., Bezbradica, J. S., & Milicic, A. (2020) · Vaccines · doi:10.3390/vaccines8030554 · Cited by 77
Spatiotemporal Adaptations of Macrophage and Dendritic Cell Development and Function
Roquilly, A., Mintern, J. D., & Villadangos, J. A. (2022) · Annual Review of Immunology · doi:10.1146/annurev-immunol-101320-031931 · Cited by 81
Neonatal Fc receptor expression in macrophages is indispensable for IgG homeostasis
Challa, D. K., Wang, X., Montoyo, H. P., Velmurugan, R., Ober, R. J., & Ward, E. S. (2019) · mAbs · doi:10.1080/19420862.2019.1602459 · Cited by 76
“These innate cells also protect the host from pathogens by playing a crucial role in the clearance and initiation of an adaptive immune response against foreign molecules or organisms.(4) For both tissue homeostasis and inflammatory responses, macrophages use receptor-dependent and independent mechanisms to internaliz…”
BackgroundModes of type 2 immune response initiation
Kopp, E. B., Agaronyan, K., Licona‐Limón, I., Nish, S. A., & Medzhitov, R. M. (2023) · Immunity · doi:10.1016/j.immuni.2023.03.015 · Cited by 75
Self-citationA cell-based high throughput screening assay for the discovery of cGAS-STING pathway agonists
Liu, B., Tang, L., Zhang, X., Ma, J., Sehgal, M., Cheng, J., Zhang, X., Zhou, Y., Du, Y., Kulp, J. L., et al. (2017) · Antiviral Research · doi:10.1016/j.antiviral.2017.10.001 · Cited by 74
“more powerful adaptive immune response to ultimately control the microorganism infections (Chang et al., 2012; Iwasaki and Medzhitov, 2015).”
BackgroundLiu, T., Barrett, N. A., Kanaoka, Y., Yoshimoto, E., Garofalo, D., Cirka, H., Feng, C., & Boyce, J. A. (2017) · The Journal of Immunology · doi:10.4049/jimmunol.1700603 · Cited by 74
“and other cytokines that induce eosinophilic inflammation (4).”
BackgroundPerez‐Shibayama, C., Islander, U., Lütge, M., Cheng, H., Onder, L., Ring, S. S., Martin, A. D., Novković, M., Colston, J., Gil‐Cruz, C., et al. (2020) · Science Immunology · doi:10.1126/sciimmunol.abb7066 · Cited by 73
Evolution and Diversity of Immune Responses during Acute HIV Infection
Kazer, S. W., Walker, B. D., & Shalek, A. K. (2020) · Immunity · doi:10.1016/j.immuni.2020.10.015 · Cited by 77
“Innate immune cells are the first-line defense against previously unencountered foreign pathogens and subsequently instruct adaptive immunity (Altfeld and Gale Jr, 2015; Iwasaki and Medzhitov, 2015).”
BackgroundCoker, M. O., Laue, H. E., Hoen, A. G., Hilliard, M. A., Dade, E. F., Li, Z., Palys, T. J., Morrison, H. G., Baker, E., Karagas, M. R., et al. (2021) · Frontiers in Microbiology · doi:10.3389/fmicb.2021.642197 · Cited by 76
“…the next major early-life exposure following birth that shapes the infant gut microbiome, and human milk is an important source of nutrition and bioactive factors with multifunctional components that shape the developing immune system (Iwasaki and Medzhitov, 2015; McGuire and McGuire, 2015).”
BackgroundA stem-loop RNA RIG-I agonist protects against acute and chronic SARS-CoV-2 infection in mice
Mao, T., Israelow, B., Lucas, C. G. D. O., Vogels, C. B. F., Gomez-Calvo, M. L., Fedorova, O., Breban, M. I., Menasché, B. L., Dong, H., Linehan, M. M., et al. (2021) · The Journal of Experimental Medicine · doi:10.1084/jem.20211818 · Cited by 70
“The innate immune system utilizes host-encoded nucleic acid sensors, known as the pattern recognition receptors (PRRs), to surveil viral pathogens by detecting their pathogen-associated molecular patterns (Iwasaki and Medzhitov, 2015).”
BackgroundSelf-citationTriggering Intracellular Receptors for Vaccine Adjuvantation
Gutjahr, A., Tiraby, G., Pérouzel, É., Verrier, B., & Paul, S. (2016) · Trends in Immunology · doi:10.1016/j.it.2016.07.001 · Cited by 73
Mirpuri, J. (2020) · Pediatric Research · doi:10.1038/s41390-020-01121-x · Cited by 73
“These conditions are largely related to the adaptive immune response; however, the innate immune response is important in regulating this response as well.(13) We will discuss a selection of these studies here.”
BackgroundFibroblasts and macrophages: Collaborators in tissue homeostasis
Franklin, R. A. (2021) · Immunological Reviews · doi:10.1111/imr.12989 · Cited by 71
Breast Milk: A Meal Worth Having
Duale, A., Singh, P., & Khodor, S. A. (2022) · Frontiers in Nutrition · doi:10.3389/fnut.2021.800927 · Cited by 76
Intrauterine Microbiota: Missing, or the Missing Link?
Chen, H. J., & Gur, T. (2019) · Trends in Neurosciences · doi:10.1016/j.tins.2019.03.008 · Cited by 73
“Furthermore, even if viable bacteria are not present in the placenta, toll-like receptors can respond to nucleic acids from microbes (Reviewed in [64]), and are therefore capable of unleashing an immune response.”
BackgroundHatano, S., & Watanabe, H. (2020) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2020.00232 · Cited by 72
Human Intestinal Mononuclear Phagocytes in Health and Inflammatory Bowel Disease
Caër, C., & Wick, M. J. (2020) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2020.00410 · Cited by 76
Loricrin: Past, Present, and Future
Ishitsuka, Y., & Roop, D. R. (2020) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms21072271 · Cited by 76
“In short, the immune microenvironment in the epidermis [95] controls innate and adaptive immunity [96] and thus profoundly affects the outcome of the immune response: i.”
BackgroundCompstatins: the dawn of clinical C3-targeted complement inhibition
Lamers, C., Mastellos, D. C., Ricklin, D., & Lambris, J. D. (2022) · Trends in Pharmacological Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.tips.2022.01.004 · Cited by 70
“In recent years, it became apparent that it is also involved in developmental processes (e.g., synaptic pruning), tissue repair/regeneration, and shaping of adaptive immune responses [1 – 3].”
Mu, P., Huo, J., Li, X., Li, W., Li, X., Ao, J., & Chen, X. (2022) · The Journal of Immunology · doi:10.4049/jimmunol.2100764 · Cited by 69
The lung mycobiome in the next-generation sequencing era
Tipton, L., Ghedin, E., & Morris, A. (2016) · Virulence · doi:10.1080/21505594.2016.1235671 · Cited by 75
“pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPS) such as glucans, chitin, and mannans present in the fungal cell wall.(6,7) These PAMPs are recognized by pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) that then activate immune cells”
BackgroundKuhlman, K. R., Robles, T. F., Dooley, L. N., Boyle, C. C., Haydon, M. D., & Bower, J. E. (2018) · Brain, Behavior, and Immunity · doi:10.1016/j.bbi.2018.02.001 · Cited by 67
“The innate immune system is the body’s first response to injury and pathogen exposure, and its effectiveness depends upon the mobilization of inflammatory cytokines (Iwasaki and Medzhitov, 2015).”
BackgroundHuppertsberg, A., Kaps, L., Zhong, Z., Schmitt, S., Stickdorn, J., Deswarte, K., Combes, F., Czysch, C., Vrieze, J. D., Kasmi, S., et al. (2021) · Journal of the American Chemical Society · doi:10.1021/jacs.1c03772 · Cited by 69
Ko, S., Park, S., Sohn, M. H., Jo, M., Ko, B. J., Na, J., Yoo, H., Jeong, A. L., Ha, K., Woo, J. R., et al. (2022) · Experimental & Molecular Medicine · doi:10.1038/s12276-022-00870-5 · Cited by 71
Clària, J., Arroyo, V., & Moreau, R. (2023) · JHEP Reports · doi:10.1016/j.jhepr.2023.100807 · Cited by 74
“As with any acute inflammatory response, the response elicited by infections generally involves four components that are successively and coordinately involved.(14,15) The four components include the pathogen byproducts (including pathogenassociated molecular patterns [PAMPs; which are unique molecular structures asso…”
BackgroundArmentero, M., Cerri, S., & Blandini, F. (2019) · Frontiers in Neurology · doi:10.3389/fneur.2019.00232 · Cited by 75
“Innate and adaptive immunity are crucial for the survival of all organisms (1).”
BackgroundLi, C., Zeng, Q., Chen, M., Xu, L., Zhang, C., Mai, F., Zeng, C., He, X., & Ouyang, D. (2019) · Frontiers in Pharmacology · doi:10.3389/fphar.2019.00290 · Cited by 72
“, uric acid crystals, silica, and alum), and pathogens (bacteria, fungi, protozoan, and virus) (Martinon et al., 2006; Iwasaki and Medzhitov, 2015; Man and Kanneganti, 2015).”
BackgroundMyers, M. A., Smith, A. P., Lane, L. C., Moquin, D. J., Aogo, R., Woolard, S., Thomas, P. G., Vogel, P., & Smith, A. M. (2021) · eLife · doi:10.7554/elife.68864 · Cited by 70
van Egmond, M., Vidarsson, G., & Bakema, J. E. (2015) · Immunological Reviews · doi:10.1111/imr.12333 · Cited by 69
“Secondary adaptive immune responses are characterized by fast expansion of antigen-specific lymphocytes, and production of large amounts of high-affinity pathogen-specific antibodies (1, 2).”
BackgroundElementary immunology: Na+ as a regulator of immunity
Schatz, V., Neubert, P., Schröder, A., Binger, K. J., Gebhard, M., Müller, D. N., Luft, F. C., Titze, J. M., & Jantsch, J. (2016) · Pediatric Nephrology · doi:10.1007/s00467-016-3349-x · Cited by 67
Innate recognition of microbial-derived signals in immunity and inflammation
Zhang, Y., & Liang, C. (2016) · Science China Life Sciences · doi:10.1007/s11427-016-0325-6 · Cited by 69
“Rapid innate immune responses to eliminate the infectious agents depend largely on the recognition to microbes and their products by a broad array of pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) (Iwasaki and Medzhitov, 2015).”
BackgroundDirect and Indirect Roles of Macrophages in Hypertrophic Scar Formation
Feng, Y., Sun, Z., Liu, S., Wu, J., Zhao, B.-H., Lv, G., Du, Y., Yu, S., Yang, M., Yuan, F., et al. (2019) · Frontiers in Physiology · doi:10.3389/fphys.2019.01101 · Cited by 72
“Activated DCs migrate to the lymph nodes where they present the antigen to immunocompetent T cells, in order to initiate an adaptive immune response (Iwasaki and Medzhitov, 2015).”
BackgroundYang, L., & Zhang, Y. (2016) · Veterinary Microbiology · doi:10.1016/j.vetmic.2016.12.036 · Cited by 65
“Cytokines that are produced at the site of infection stimulate and coordinate innate and adaptive immune responses against invading pathogens (Gonzalez-Navajas et al., 2012; Iwasaki and Medzhitov, 2015; Takaoka and Yanai, 2006).”
BackgroundUnfolded Protein Corona Surrounding Nanotubes Influence the Innate and Adaptive Immune System
Park, J., Park, S. J., Park, J. Y., Kim, S., Kwon, S. C., Jung, Y., & Khang, D. (2021) · Advanced Science · doi:10.1002/advs.202004979 · Cited by 65
Heart–brain axis in health and disease: role of innate and adaptive immunity
Simats, A., Sager, H. B., & Liesz, A. (2024) · Cardiovascular Research · doi:10.1093/cvr/cvae185 · Cited by 71
Yang, L., Wang, R., Ma, Z., Xiao, Y., Nan, Y., Wang, Y., Lin, S., & Zhang, Y. (2016) · Journal of Virology · doi:10.1128/jvi.02087-16 · Cited by 66
Phosphorylation-dependent Regnase-1 release from endoplasmic reticulum is critical in IL-17 response
Tanaka, H., Arima, Y., Kamimura, D., Tanaka, Y., Takahashi, N., Uehata, T., Maeda, K., Satoh, T., Murakami, M., & Akira, S. (2019) · The Journal of Experimental Medicine · doi:10.1084/jem.20181078 · Cited by 69
Herck, S. V., Deswarte, K., Nuhn, L., Zhong, Z., Catani, J. P. P., Li, Y., Sanders, N. N., Lienenklaus, S., Koker, S. D., Lambrecht, B. N., et al. (2018) · Journal of the American Chemical Society · doi:10.1021/jacs.8b08595 · Cited by 65
Recent studies on the biological production of D-mannose
Wu, H., Zhang, W., & Mu, W. (2019) · Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology · doi:10.1007/s00253-019-10151-3 · Cited by 65
Inamura, K. (2020) · Seminars in Cancer Biology · doi:10.1016/j.semcancer.2020.06.006 · Cited by 63
Mot, L. D., Bechtold, V., Bol, V., Callegaro, A., Coccia, M., Essaghir, A., Hasdemir, D., Ulloa‐Montoya, F., Siena, E., Smilde, A. K., et al. (2020) · Science Translational Medicine · doi:10.1126/scitranslmed.aay8618 · Cited by 61
“This activation is thought to be a prerequisite for eliciting adaptive immune responses (1, 2).”
BackgroundSun, Y., Lü, Y., Sun, J., Xiao, M., Lai, W., Song, G., Li, L., Fan, C., & Pei, H. (2022) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-022-31684-8 · Cited by 64
Advanced Immunomodulatory Biomaterials for Therapeutic Applications
Park, J., & Kim, D. (2024) · Advanced Healthcare Materials · doi:10.1002/adhm.202304496 · Cited by 66
Staphylococcus aureus Impairs the Function of and Kills Human Dendritic Cells via the LukAB Toxin
Berends, E. T. M., Zheng, X., Zwack, E. E., Ménager, M. M., Cammer, M., Shopsin, B., & Torres, V. J. (2019) · mBio · doi:10.1128/mbio.01918-18 · Cited by 65
“Bridging innate immunity and adaptive immunity, DCs fulfill an indispensable role in the development of durable immune protection by producing proinflammatory cytokines and presenting microbial antigens to lymphocytes (12).”
BackgroundHuman Endogenous Retroviruses (HERVs): Shaping the Innate Immune Response in Cancers
Alcazer, V., Bonaventura, P., & Depil, S. (2020) · Cancers · doi:10.3390/cancers12030610 · Cited by 70
“All together these effectors give rise to the innate immune response and the “danger signal” required for inducing a specific adaptive response [39].”
BackgroundHan, S., Shin, Y.-J., Lee, D.-Y., Kim, K., Yang, S.-J., Kim, D. S., Choi, J.-W., Lee, S., & Kim, D. (2021) · BMC Microbiology · doi:10.1186/s12866-021-02192-4 · Cited by 64
“The immune system consists of innate and adaptive immune systems that cooperatively protect the body from pathogenic microbes and toxins [10, 24].”
BackgroundUfer, F., Vargas, P., Engler, J. B., Tintelnot, J., Schattling, B., Winkler, H., Bauer, S., Kursawe, N., Willing, A., Keminer, O., et al. (2016) · Science Immunology · doi:10.1126/sciimmunol.aaf8665 · Cited by 62
“INTRODUCTION Host defense mechanisms have evolved to detect and eliminate invading pathogens and malignant cells, while at the same time remaining tolerant to self-, commensal, and environmental antigens (1).”
Backgroundda Silva, F. R., Guerreiro, R. D. C., Andrade, H. D. A., Stieler, E., Silva, A., & de Mello, M. T. (2020) · Chronobiology International · doi:10.1080/07420528.2020.1756841 · Cited by 63
MicroRNA regulation of macrophages in human pathologies
Wei, Y., & Schober, A. (2016) · Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences · doi:10.1007/s00018-016-2254-6 · Cited by 65
“Phagocytosis and lysosomal digestion of pathogens can lead to the presentation of processed antigens by major histocompatibility complex class II molecules on the surface of macrophages, which regulates the adaptive immune response by activating CD4? T cells [25].”
He, L., Ren, J., Liu, R., Chen, Q., Zhao, J., Wu, X., Zhang, Z., Wang, J., Pettinato, G., & Li, Y. (2017) · Food & Function · doi:10.1039/c7fo00957g · Cited by 63
Polymer-based nanoparticles loaded with a TLR7 ligand to target the lymph node for immunostimulation
Widmer, J., Thauvin, C., Mottas, I., Nguyen, V. N., Delié, F., Allémann, É., & Bourquin, C. (2017) · International Journal of Pharmaceutics · doi:10.1016/j.ijpharm.2017.11.031 · Cited by 63
“TLRs play a key role in immunotherapy, as they participate in the induction of an innate immune response that controls the development of antitumoral immunity (Iwasaki and Medzhitov, 2015).”
BackgroundLiu, Q., Yang, J., Gong, Y., Cai, J., & Zhang, Z. (2019) · Aquatic Toxicology · doi:10.1016/j.aquatox.2019.105286 · Cited by 62
Emerging Roles of 1D Vertical Nanostructures in Orchestrating Immune Cell Functions
Chen, Y., Wang, J., Li, X., Hu, N., Voelcker, N. H., Xie, X., & Elnathan, R. (2020) · Advanced Materials · doi:10.1002/adma.202001668 · Cited by 61
Nanoparticle-based delivery strategies of multifaceted immunomodulatory RNA for cancer immunotherapy
Yoo, Y. J., Lee, C. H., Park, S. H., & Lim, Y. T. (2022) · Journal of Controlled Release · doi:10.1016/j.jconrel.2022.01.047 · Cited by 62
Wu, L., Li, L., Li, S., Liu, L., Xin, W., Li, C., Yin, X., Xu, X., Bao, F., & Hua, Z. (2022) · Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B · doi:10.1016/j.apsb.2022.05.006 · Cited by 64
Trebicka, J., Hernáez, R., Shawcross, D. L., & Gerbes, A. L. (2024) · Gut · doi:10.1136/gutjnl-2023-330584 · Cited by 66
“69 In the context of a patient with cirrhosis, it may”
BackgroundThe Causes and Consequences of Trained Immunity in Myeloid Cells
Bhargavi, G., & Subbian, S. (2024) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2024.1365127 · Cited by 62
“Activation of adaptive immunity eliminates pathogens along with their toxic molecules, mostly by generating a memory response to speci fi c PAMPs of the pathogens (30).”
BackgroundOutgrowing the Immaturity Myth: The Cost of Defending From Neonatal Infectious Disease
Harbeson, D. J., Ben-Othman, R., Amenyogbe, N., & Kollmann, T. R. (2018) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2018.01077 · Cited by 66
“Ordering the strategies by energetic cost indicates the same order as that of immune cost—disease avoidance very low (primarily behavioral, little to no regulation), disease resistance very high (58) (massive, highly regulated cell mobilizations across the body), and disease tolerance in the middle (some regulatory ma…”
The Channel-Kinase TRPM7 as Novel Regulator of Immune System Homeostasis
Nadolni, W., & Zierler, S. (2018) · Cells · doi:10.3390/cells7080109 · Cited by 65
“As antigen presenting cells they are able to activate and coordinate the adaptive immune system [62,63].”
BackgroundNanoimmunotherapy to treat ischaemic heart disease
Duivenvoorden, R., Senders, M. L., van Leent, M. M. T., Pérez‐Medina, C., Nahrendorf, M., Fayad, Z. A., & Mulder, W. J. M. (2018) · Nature Reviews Cardiology · doi:10.1038/s41569-018-0073-1 · Cited by 62
Regulating Immunity via ADP-Ribosylation: Therapeutic Implications and Beyond
Kunze, F. A., & Hottiger, M. O. (2019) · Trends in Immunology · doi:10.1016/j.it.2018.12.006 · Cited by 60
Discovery and Mechanistic Study of a Novel Human-Stimulator-of-Interferon-Genes Agonist
Zhang, X., Liu, B., Tang, L., Su, Q., Hwang, N., Sehgal, M., Cheng, J., Ma, J., Zhang, X., Tan, Y., et al. (2019) · ACS Infectious Diseases · doi:10.1021/acsinfecdis.9b00010 · Cited by 62
Insights of Endocytosis Signaling in Health and Disease
Pathak, C., Vaidya, F. U., Waghela, B. N., Jaiswara, P. K., Gupta, V. K., Kumar, A., Rajendran, B. K., & Ranjan, K. (2023) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms24032971 · Cited by 59
Wang, F., Ullah, A., Fan, X., Xu, Z., Zong, R., Wang, X., & Chen, G. (2021) · Journal of Controlled Release · doi:10.1016/j.jconrel.2021.03.027 · Cited by 65
Winkle, J. A. V., Peterson, S. T., Kennedy, E. A., Wheadon, M. J., Ingle, H., Desai, C., Rodgers, R., Constant, D. A., Wright, A. P., Li, L., et al. (2022) · eLife · doi:10.7554/elife.74072 · Cited by 59
Presepsin as Early Marker of Sepsis in Emergency Department: A Narrative Review
Piccioni, A., Santoro, M. C., de Cunzo, T., Tullo, G., Cicchinelli, S., Saviano, A., Valletta, F., Pascale, M. M., Candelli, M., Covino, M., et al. (2021) · Medicina · doi:10.3390/medicina57080770 · Cited by 60
Antigen-presenting cells as specialized drivers of intestinal T cell functions
Kedmi, R., & Littman, D. R. (2024) · Immunity · doi:10.1016/j.immuni.2024.09.011 · Cited by 66
Joseph, J., Ametepe, E. S., Haribabu, N., Agbayani, G., Krishnan, L., Blais, A., & Sad, S. (2016) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/ncomms12748 · Cited by 60
Hu, Z., Du, R., Xiu, L., Bian, Z., Ma, C., Sato, N., Hattori, M., Zhang, H. C., Liang, Y., Yu, S.-X., et al. (2019) · Cytokine · doi:10.1016/j.cyto.2019.154917 · Cited by 60
Tomić, S., Đokić, J., Stevanović, D., Ilić, N., Gruden‐Movsesijan, A., Dinić, M., Radojević, D., Bekić, M., Mitrović, N., Tomašević, R., et al. (2021) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2021.614599 · Cited by 59
“Both adaptive and innate immune responses are critical for successful anti-viral response (6), and both were described as impaired in severe COVID-19 patients.”
BackgroundThe immune landscape in apical periodontitis: From mechanism to therapy
Wen, Y., Lin, Y., Zhou, L., Chen, L., & Zhang, L. (2024) · International Endodontic Journal · doi:10.1111/iej.14125 · Cited by 59
KLF6 contributes to myeloid cell plasticity in the pathogenesis of intestinal inflammation
Goodman, W. A., Omenetti, S., Date, D. A., Martino, L. D., Salvo, C. D., Kim, G. D., Chowdhry, S., Bamias, G., Cominelli, F., Pizarro, T. T., et al. (2016) · Mucosal Immunology · doi:10.1038/mi.2016.1 · Cited by 57
Nabatanzi, R., Cose, S., Joloba, M. L., Jones, S. R., & Nakanjako, D. (2018) · AIDS Research and Therapy · doi:10.1186/s12981-018-0194-y · Cited by 61
“Innate immune cells including monocytes, natural killer cells (NK), innate lymphoid cells (ILCs), and other antigen presenting cells (APCs) play a crucial role in the ushering in the adaptive arm of the immune response [4, 5].”
BackgroundThe microbiome and cytosolic innate immune receptors
Liwinski, T., Zheng, D., & Elinav, E. (2020) · Immunological Reviews · doi:10.1111/imr.12901 · Cited by 61
The Role of Toll-Like Receptors in Retroviral Infection
Browne, E. P. (2020) · Microorganisms · doi:10.3390/microorganisms8111787 · Cited by 60
“In addition to the induction of rapid anti-microbial gene expression, the innate immune system can also prime and shape adaptive immune responses [2].”
BackgroundThe Role of Thyroid Hormone in the Innate and Adaptive Immune Response during Infection
Rubingh, J., van der Spek, A. H., Fliers, E., & Boelen, A. (2020) · Comprehensive physiology · doi:10.1002/cphy.c200003 · Cited by 72
Domínguez-Rivas, E., Ávila-Muñoz, E., Schwarzacher, S. W., & Zepeda, A. (2021) · Brain Behavior and Immunity · doi:10.1016/j.bbi.2021.06.014 · Cited by 57
The brain is not mental! coupling neuronal and immune cellular processing in human organisms
Ciaunica, A., Shmeleva, E. V., & Levin, M. G. (2023) · Frontiers in Integrative Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnint.2023.1057622 · Cited by 65
“The immune system is a cellular network capable of distinguishing between self, non-self, missing-self, and aberrant-self, including misplaced cells and aberrant intracellular and extracellular molecules (Takeuchi and Akira, 2010; Coers, 2013; Iwasaki and Medzhitov, 2015; Di Virgilio et al., 2020; Zindel and Kubes, 20…”
BackgroundModulation of the Immune Response to Improve Health and Reduce Foodborne Pathogens in Poultry
Swaggerty, C. L., Callaway, T. R., Kogut, M. H., Piva, A., & Grilli, E. (2019) · Microorganisms · doi:10.3390/microorganisms7030065 · Cited by 58
“This recognition by the innate immune system initiates the immediate defense against the threat and the interplay between the innate and adaptive immune responses is critical for coordinating the lasting response associated with adaptive immunity [28].”
BackgroundNonviral Delivery Systems of mRNA Vaccines for Cancer Gene Therapy
Wang, Y., Zhang, R., Tang, L., & Li, Y. (2022) · Pharmaceutics · doi:10.3390/pharmaceutics14030512 · Cited by 58
“In addition, both the activated CD4+ TH cells and innate immunity can stimulate the activation of CTLs through the production of inflammatory cytokines; then, abundant CTLs are activated to kill tumor cells, thereby contributing to cancer therapy [37,38].”
BackgroundMolecular Mechanisms of Induction of Tolerant and Tolerogenic Intestinal Dendritic Cells in Mice
Steimle, A., & Frick, J.-S. (2016) · Journal of Immunology Research · doi:10.1155/2016/1958650 · Cited by 57
“Importantly, DCs also influence the differentiation of na¨ıve T cells into Th1, Th2, Th17, or Treg cells, mostly due to supplying a certain cytokine environment [69].”
Acidic chitinase primes the protective immune response to gastrointestinal nematodes
Vannella, K. M., Ramalingam, T. R., Hart, K. M., Prado, R. D. Q., Sciurba, J. C., Barron, L., Borthwick, L. A., Smith, A. D., Mentink‐Kane, M. M., White, S., et al. (2016) · Nature Immunology · doi:10.1038/ni.3417 · Cited by 57
Human papillomavirus-driven immune deviation: challenge and novel opportunity for immunotherapy
Smola, S., Trimble, C., & Stern, P. L. (2017) · Therapeutic Advances in Vaccines · doi:10.1177/2051013617717914 · Cited by 57
N6-Methyladenosine Regulates Host Responses to Viral Infection
McFadden, M. J., & Horner, S. M. (2020) · Trends in Biochemical Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.tibs.2020.11.008 · Cited by 55
Rational Design of Targeted Next-Generation Carriers for Drug and Vaccine Delivery
Narasimhan, B., Goodman, J. T., & Ramirez, J. E. V. (2016) · Annual Review of Biomedical Engineering · doi:10.1146/annurev-bioeng-082615-030519 · Cited by 57
Moor, K., Wotzka, S. Y., Toska, A., Diard, M., Hapfelmeier, S., & Slack, E. M. C. (2016) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2016.00034 · Cited by 54
“As the systemic immune system is exquisitely sensitive to bacterial-derived “pathogen-associated molecular patterns” (PAMPs) and antigens, parenteral introduction of very low concentrations of live or inactivated bacteria induces high titer serum IgG responses and T cell activation in experimental animals (3).”
BackgroundDeterminants of early life immune responses to RSV infection
Ruckwardt, T. J., Morabito, K. M., & Graham, B. S. (2016) · Current Opinion in Virology · doi:10.1016/j.coviro.2016.01.003 · Cited by 59
“Infant adaptive responses to natural RSV infection The generation of effective anti-viral adaptive immunity relies on instruction by the innate immune response (elegantly reviewed in [29]).”
BackgroundPérez-Toledo, M., Valero-Pacheco, N., Pastelin‐Palacios, R., Gil‐Cruz, C., Perez‐Shibayama, C., Moreno‐Eutímio, M. A., Becker, I., Pérez‐Tapia, S. M., Arriaga‐Pizano, L., Cunningham, A. F., et al. (2017) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2017.00230 · Cited by 56
“Pattern recognition receptor activation of innate immune cells by adjuvants contributes to their function (35).”
BackgroundMacal, M., Jo, Y., Dallari, S., Chang, A. Y., Dai, J., Swaminathan, S., Wehrens, E. J., Fitzgerald-Bocarsly, P. A., & Zúñiga, E. I. (2018) · Immunity · doi:10.1016/j.immuni.2018.03.020 · Cited by 53
“Production of soluble mediators, including IFN-I, after recognition of conserved pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) represents a cornerstone of innate immune responses (Iwasaki and Medzhitov, 2015).”
Su, F., Song, Q., Zhang, C., Xu, X., Li, M., Yao, D., Wu, L., Qu, X., Guan, H., Yu, G., et al. (2019) · Carbohydrate Polymers · doi:10.1016/j.carbpol.2019.114993 · Cited by 57
Cardiovascular Implications of Immune Disorders in Women
Moran, C. A., Collins, L. F., Beydoun, N., Mehta, P. K., Fatade, Y., Isiadinso, I., Lewis, T. T., Weber, B., Goldstein, J. M., Ofotokun, I., et al. (2022) · Circulation Research · doi:10.1161/circresaha.121.319877 · Cited by 57
Metadata
- Authors
- Iwasaki, A., & Medzhitov, R.
- Affiliations
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute (US)
- Corresponding author
- Iwasaki, Akiko
- Medzhitov, Ruslan
- Venue
- Nature Immunology
- Published
- 2015-03-19
- Volume
- 16
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 343-353
- ISSN
- 1529-2908 (ISSN-L)
- 1529-2916
- PMC
- PMC4507498
- OpenAlex
- W2044757050
- Cited by
- 2,160
- References
- 139
- Citations by year
- 2026: 183 · 2025: 212 · 2024: 181 · 2023: 193 · 2022: 204 · 2021: 239 · 2020: 216 · 2019: 189 · 2018: 187 · 2017: 167 · 2016: 157 · 2015: 31
- FWCI
- 17.06
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Licence
- www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
- Locations
- Nature Immunology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (R01AI064705, AI062428, AI 064705, R01AI062428, AI 081884, R56AI062428, AI089771, R01AI089771, R01AI054359, R37AI046688, AI046688, R01AI081884, R01AI046688)
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (DK071754, R01DK071754)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › Immune Response and Inflammation
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › Immunotherapy and Immune Responses
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › Immune responses and vaccinations
- Keywords
- innate immunity, adaptive immunity, innate-adaptive immune crosstalk, pathogen recognition, dendritic cells, cytokines, lymphocyte activation, microbial infection, pattern recognition receptors
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Bacteria, Dendritic Cells, Fungi, Gene Expression Regulation, Helminths, Humans, Immunity, Innate, Intestines, Lung, Skin, Viruses, Lymphocyte Subsets, Cytokines, Receptors, Pattern Recognition, Adaptive Immunity
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
