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Control of adaptive immunity by the innate immune system
Open accessAbstract
Microbial infections are recognized by the innate immune system both to elicit immediate defense and to generate long-lasting adaptive immunity. To detect and respond to vastly different groups of pathogens, the innate immune system uses several recognition systems that rely on sensing common structural and functional features associated with different classes of microorganisms. These recognition systems determine microbial location, viability, replication and pathogenicity. Detection of these features by recognition pathways of the innate immune system is translated into different classes of effector responses though specialized populations of dendritic cells. Multiple mechanisms for the induction of immune responses are variations on a common design principle wherein the cells that sense infections produce one set of cytokines to induce lymphocytes to produce another set of cytokines, which in turn activate effector responses. Here we discuss these emerging principles of innate control of adaptive immunity.
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“TLRs do not directly initiate phagocytosis but facilitate it more effectively [27].”
From Insights of Endocytosis Signaling in Health and Disease (2023) · cites this paper as [27]
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“In more than 400 healthy, middle to early old age participants drawn from the Whitehall II Cohort study, self-reported short sleep duration in men, but not in women, was related to shorter leukocyte telomere length”
From The Sleep-Immune Crosstalk in Health and Disease (2019) · cites this paper as [267]
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“It acts through the antigen-specific responses of the adaptive immune system, as well as pattern recognition in the form of conserved non-self structural feature recognition, and detection of loss of homeostasis (damage) or danger through functional feature recognition (Iwasaki and Medzhitov, 2015).”
BackgroundHarnessing the Complete Repertoire of Conventional Dendritic Cell Functions for Cancer Immunotherapy
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“Within this process, the combined phenotype of signal 2 and 3 directly results from the signaling cascades downstream of environmental monitoring by DCs, thereby translating the microenvironment or select adjuvants into distinct T cell effector modules [104].”
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“IFNs signal in both autocrine and paracrine manner to induce hundreds of IFN-stimulated genes (ISGs), which collectively block many aspects of cell biology as a means to slow virus infection and provide time for the adaptive immune response to ultimately clear the pathogen (35).”
BackgroundNucleic acid and oligonucleotide delivery for activating innate immunity in cancer immunotherapy
Meng, F., Wang, J., & Yeo, Y. (2022) · Journal of Controlled Release · doi:10.1016/j.jconrel.2022.03.045 · Cited by 36
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“Coordinated interactions between the innate and adaptive arms of the immune system are critical for robust and tailored immune responses 1,2 that result in elimination of the microbial threat.”
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“PRRs and related pathways involved in intestinal virus sensing, such as TLRs, are mainly mediated by cell-extrinsic virus recognition.(76) We found significant alterations in PRRs, including upregulated expression of TLR3, TLR7 and NOD2 in VDR mice and increased expression of CLEC4L in VDR and VDR mice, suggesting the…”
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“Antibodies produced by plasma cells can not only kill infected target cells via antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity but also directly neutralize viruses (73).”
BackgroundRegulatory effect of sericin protein in inflammatory pathways; A comprehensive review
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Emerging Skin T-Cell Functions in Response to Environmental Insults
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“…and function of cutaneous T cells can change dramatically on environmental insults and may be driven by both antigen exposure and innate immune signals derived from surrounding keratinocytes, dendritic cells, macrophages, and other cells (Iwasaki and Medzhitov, 2015; Schroder et al., 2006).”
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“This feature is especially critical for the virus to invade and establish infection in the gut mucosa since the gastrointestinal tract is immunologically highly evolved to combat the incoming pathogens and is richly endowed with innate immune defenses (9).”
Background
Metadata
- Authors
- Iwasaki, A., & Medzhitov, R.
- Affiliations
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute (US)
- Corresponding author
- Iwasaki, Akiko
- Medzhitov, Ruslan
- Venue
- Nature Immunology
- Published
- 2015-03-19
- Volume
- 16
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 343-353
- ISSN
- 1529-2908 (ISSN-L)
- 1529-2916
- PMC
- PMC4507498
- OpenAlex
- W2044757050
- Cited by
- 2,160
- References
- 139
- Citations by year
- 2026: 183 · 2025: 212 · 2024: 181 · 2023: 193 · 2022: 204 · 2021: 239 · 2020: 216 · 2019: 189 · 2018: 187 · 2017: 167 · 2016: 157 · 2015: 31
- FWCI
- 17.06
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Licence
- www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
- Locations
- Nature Immunology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (R01AI064705, AI062428, AI 064705, R01AI062428, AI 081884, R56AI062428, AI089771, R01AI089771, R01AI054359, R37AI046688, AI046688, R01AI081884, R01AI046688)
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (DK071754, R01DK071754)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › Immune Response and Inflammation
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › Immunotherapy and Immune Responses
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › Immune responses and vaccinations
- Keywords
- innate immunity, adaptive immunity, innate-adaptive immune crosstalk, pathogen recognition, dendritic cells, cytokines, lymphocyte activation, microbial infection, pattern recognition receptors
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Bacteria, Dendritic Cells, Fungi, Gene Expression Regulation, Helminths, Humans, Immunity, Innate, Intestines, Lung, Skin, Viruses, Lymphocyte Subsets, Cytokines, Receptors, Pattern Recognition, Adaptive Immunity
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