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Control of adaptive immunity by the innate immune system
Open accessAbstract
Microbial infections are recognized by the innate immune system both to elicit immediate defense and to generate long-lasting adaptive immunity. To detect and respond to vastly different groups of pathogens, the innate immune system uses several recognition systems that rely on sensing common structural and functional features associated with different classes of microorganisms. These recognition systems determine microbial location, viability, replication and pathogenicity. Detection of these features by recognition pathways of the innate immune system is translated into different classes of effector responses though specialized populations of dendritic cells. Multiple mechanisms for the induction of immune responses are variations on a common design principle wherein the cells that sense infections produce one set of cytokines to induce lymphocytes to produce another set of cytokines, which in turn activate effector responses. Here we discuss these emerging principles of innate control of adaptive immunity.
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“TLRs do not directly initiate phagocytosis but facilitate it more effectively [27].”
From Insights of Endocytosis Signaling in Health and Disease (2023) · cites this paper as [27]
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“In more than 400 healthy, middle to early old age participants drawn from the Whitehall II Cohort study, self-reported short sleep duration in men, but not in women, was related to shorter leukocyte telomere length”
From The Sleep-Immune Crosstalk in Health and Disease (2019) · cites this paper as [267]
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Robinson, E. K., Covarrubias, S., & Carpenter, S. (2019) · Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Gene Regulatory Mechanisms · doi:10.1016/j.bbagrm.2019.194419 · Cited by 282
“The innate immune system functions as a rapid initial response against specific pathogens, while also promoting the activation and development of the adaptive immune system [18].”
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“Beyond recapitulating canonical correlates, our analysis defined nuanced, actionable, innate as well as adaptive functional cell states and shed light on essential dynamics among host-pathogen interactions (Iwasaki and Medzhitov, 2015).”
BackgroundNatural and synthetic carbohydrate-based vaccine adjuvants and their mechanisms of action
Pifferi, C., Fuentes, R., & Fernández‐Tejada, A. (2021) · Nature Reviews Chemistry · doi:10.1038/s41570-020-00244-3 · Cited by 272
Guts and Gall: Bile Acids in Regulation of Intestinal Epithelial Function in Health and Disease
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Immune Modulation by Volatile Anesthetics
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“These antigen recognition eventsmust occur in the context inflammatory cues that direct the type of immune response the immune system should mount to the antigen [27]- such inflammatory cues come in the formofmolecules that activate innate immune system pattern recognition receptors (e.”
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“Cells of the innate immune system trigger finely tuned cellular responses for host defense while minimizing collateral damage to the host (Iwasaki and Medzhitov, 2015).”
BackgroundLopes, M. I. F., Bonjorno, L. P., Giannini, M. C., do Amaral, N. B., Menezes, P. I., DIB, S. M., GIGANTE, S. L. G., Benatti, M. N., Rezek, U. C., Emrich-Filho, L. L., et al. (2021) · RMD Open · doi:10.1136/rmdopen-2020-001455 · Cited by 250
Physical activation of innate immunity by spiky particles
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Inflammasomes and adaptive immune responses
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Neuroimmunity: Physiology and Pathology
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“Furthermore, IFNs contribute to the recruitment and activation of both innate and adaptive immune effectors (2, 3).”
BackgroundToll-like receptor 4–mediated lymphocyte influx induces neonatal necrotizing enterocolitis
Egan, C. E., Sodhi, C. P., Good, M. L., Lin, J., Jia, H., Yamaguchi, Y., Lu, P., Ma, C., Branca, M. F., Weyandt, S., et al. (2015) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci83356 · Cited by 238
“We now hypothesize that the inflammatory cells found in the intestinal mucosa of patients and mice with NEC (19, 20) are actually primary instigators of this disease process and are regulated by TLR4 on the intestinal epithelium (21).”
Mechanism of action of mRNA-based vaccines
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“Interaction among PRRs and PAMPs triggers the inflammatory response, the link between the innate immunity and the adaptive immunity [43].”
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Antitumor Benefits of Antiviral Immunity: An Underappreciated Aspect of Oncolytic Virotherapies
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Immune System Dysfunction in the Elderly
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“At each phase, acute inflammation has different effects on either cellular or humoral immunity (Iwasaki and Medzhitov, 2015).”
BackgroundInnate immune sensing of coronavirus and viral evasion strategies
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The Regulation of Inflammation by Innate and Adaptive Lymphocytes
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“They employ germ-line encoded pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) that recognize pathogen-associated molecular pattern (PAMPs) [32] and damage-associated molecular pathogens (DAMP) [33, 34] to detect changes in their environment [35, 36].”
The role of declining adaptive homeostasis in ageing
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“…acute phases: (1) detection of pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs), (2) mediated by pattern-recognition receptors (PRRs) (Kawai & Akira, 2010); (3) PRRs in turn release specific cytokines, which cause lymphocyte differentiation specific to the type of insult (Iwasaki & Medzhitov, 2015).”
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“The induction of cytokines and chemokines by the innate immune system causes inflammation and initiates adaptive immunity (3).”
BackgroundBrain-resident memory T cells represent an autonomous cytotoxic barrier to viral infection
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“In naive hosts, the task of rapidly detecting invading pathogens and alerting the adaptive immune defense generally falls to the innate immune system (Iwasaki and Medzhitov, 2015).”
BackgroundInterleukin-1 as Innate Mediator of T Cell Immunity
Eeckhout, B. V. D., Tavernier, J. H., & Gerlo, S. (2021) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2020.621931 · Cited by 227
“This information transfer happens over three major routes: (1) presentation of antigenic peptides to antigen-specific T cells, resulting in an antigen-specific response; (2) co-stimulation, which can be perceived as qualitative information on the context of the antigen and allows for breaking tolerance; and (3) releas…”
BackgroundInfluential
Metadata
- Authors
- Iwasaki, A., & Medzhitov, R.
- Affiliations
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute (US)
- Corresponding author
- Iwasaki, Akiko
- Medzhitov, Ruslan
- Venue
- Nature Immunology
- Published
- 2015-03-19
- Volume
- 16
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 343-353
- ISSN
- 1529-2908 (ISSN-L)
- 1529-2916
- PMC
- PMC4507498
- OpenAlex
- W2044757050
- Cited by
- 2,160
- References
- 139
- Citations by year
- 2026: 183 · 2025: 212 · 2024: 181 · 2023: 193 · 2022: 204 · 2021: 239 · 2020: 216 · 2019: 189 · 2018: 187 · 2017: 167 · 2016: 157 · 2015: 31
- FWCI
- 17.06
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Licence
- www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
- Locations
- Nature Immunology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (R01AI064705, AI062428, AI 064705, R01AI062428, AI 081884, R56AI062428, AI089771, R01AI089771, R01AI054359, R37AI046688, AI046688, R01AI081884, R01AI046688)
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (DK071754, R01DK071754)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › Immune Response and Inflammation
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › Immunotherapy and Immune Responses
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › Immune responses and vaccinations
- Keywords
- innate immunity, adaptive immunity, innate-adaptive immune crosstalk, pathogen recognition, dendritic cells, cytokines, lymphocyte activation, microbial infection, pattern recognition receptors
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Bacteria, Dendritic Cells, Fungi, Gene Expression Regulation, Helminths, Humans, Immunity, Innate, Intestines, Lung, Skin, Viruses, Lymphocyte Subsets, Cytokines, Receptors, Pattern Recognition, Adaptive Immunity
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