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Control of adaptive immunity by the innate immune system
Open accessAbstract
Microbial infections are recognized by the innate immune system both to elicit immediate defense and to generate long-lasting adaptive immunity. To detect and respond to vastly different groups of pathogens, the innate immune system uses several recognition systems that rely on sensing common structural and functional features associated with different classes of microorganisms. These recognition systems determine microbial location, viability, replication and pathogenicity. Detection of these features by recognition pathways of the innate immune system is translated into different classes of effector responses though specialized populations of dendritic cells. Multiple mechanisms for the induction of immune responses are variations on a common design principle wherein the cells that sense infections produce one set of cytokines to induce lymphocytes to produce another set of cytokines, which in turn activate effector responses. Here we discuss these emerging principles of innate control of adaptive immunity.
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“TLRs do not directly initiate phagocytosis but facilitate it more effectively [27].”
From Insights of Endocytosis Signaling in Health and Disease (2023) · cites this paper as [27]
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“In more than 400 healthy, middle to early old age participants drawn from the Whitehall II Cohort study, self-reported short sleep duration in men, but not in women, was related to shorter leukocyte telomere length”
From The Sleep-Immune Crosstalk in Health and Disease (2019) · cites this paper as [267]
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Saso, A., & Kampmann, B. (2017) · Seminars in Immunopathology · doi:10.1007/s00281-017-0654-9 · Cited by 139
“The success of neonatal BCG and HBV emphasises that (1) sufficiently robust adaptive immune responses and functional, seroprotective antibody titres can be generated in the newborn period (2) this is will only occur in response to sufficiently potent antigen-adjuvant combinations and/or appropriate cellular interactio…”
Regulatory dendritic cells in autoimmunity: A comprehensive review
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“DCs not only provide activation signals to antigenspecific T cells via the expression of antigen peptide-MHC complex and co-stimulatory molecules, but also modulate T cell differentiation toward Th1, Th2, Th17 or regulatory T (Treg) cells via releasing distinct cytokines [16].”
BackgroundHigh ambient temperature dampens adaptive immune responses to influenza A virus infection
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“The recognition of influenza virus plays a key role not only in limiting virus replication and inflammatory responses at early stages of infection, but also in initiating and orchestrating virus-specific adaptive immune responses (3, 4).”
BackgroundExploiting Mucosal Immunity for Antiviral Vaccines
Iwasaki, A. (2016) · Annual Review of Immunology · doi:10.1146/annurev-immunol-032414-112315 · Cited by 138
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Immune response to functionalized mesoporous silica nanoparticles for targeted drug delivery
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“Ligation of these receptors results in maturation of APCs associated with expression of costimulatory molecules (such as CD80 and CD86), the release of proinflammatory cytokines and eventually the initiation of a subsequent adaptive immune response.(5) DCs have been shown to efficiently engulf various kinds of nanopar…”
BackgroundBrain-spleen axis in health and diseases: A review and future perspective
Wei, Y., Wang, T., Liao, L., Fan, X., Chang, L., & Hashimoto, K. (2022) · Brain Research Bulletin · doi:10.1016/j.brainresbull.2022.02.008 · Cited by 134
“functions to initiate adaptive immune responses (Iwasaki and Medzhitov, 2015; Mebius and Kraal, 2005).”
Choreographing Immunity in the Skin Epithelial Barrier
Kobayashi, T., Naik, S., & Nagao, K. (2019) · Immunity · doi:10.1016/j.immuni.2019.02.023 · Cited by 134
Schmid‐Hempel, P. (2021) · doi:10.1093/oso/9780198832140.001.0001 · Cited by 137
Nanoplatforms for mRNA Therapeutics
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“The inflammation grading was graded on a scale of 0–3: negative (0), no inflammation; mild (1), mild and patchy; moderate (2), most crypts involved by inflammation; or severe (3), crypt abscess, ulceration, erosion, or submucosal involvement.”
BackgroundMicrobiota and host immune responses: a love–hate relationship
Tomkovich, S., & Jobin, C. (2015) · Immunology · doi:10.1111/imm.12538 · Cited by 132
Vitamin D immunoregulation through dendritic cells
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“Conserved from flies to mammals, damageinduced responses are important for triggering tissue repair, but they are delayed and occur when pathogen progression already impacts the host integrity (Allen andWynn, 2011; Iwasaki and Medzhitov, 2015; Srinivasan et al., 2016).”
BackgroundAdaptogenic effects of Panax ginseng on modulation of immune functions
Ratan, Z. A., Youn, S.-H., Kwak, Y.-S., Han, C.-K., Haidere, M. F., Kim, J. K., Min, H., Jung, Y.-J., Hosseinzadeh, H., Hyun, S. H., et al. (2020) · Journal of Ginseng Research · doi:10.1016/j.jgr.2020.09.004 · Cited by 127
“This line of defense shields the host from invading pathogens through phagocytosis, neutralization of infectivity, or toxic effects, and by upregulating complementary activities [38].”
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The roles and functional mechanisms of interleukin-17 family cytokines in mucosal immunity
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“Thus, as in mammals (3, 54), these data strongly suggest that CD4 lymphocytes in trout are the major producers of the cytokines in response to bacterial challenge.”
BackgroundRab GTPases in Immunity and Inflammation
Prashar, A., Schnettger, L., Bernard, E. M., & Gutierrez, M. G. (2017) · Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology · doi:10.3389/fcimb.2017.00435 · Cited by 126
“Innate immune responses induced by pathogen recognition instruct subsequent long lasting adaptive immunity mediated by antigen responsive B and T lymphocytes (Iwasaki and Medzhitov, 2015).”
BackgroundInfluentialRelationship between copper and immunity: The potential role of copper in tumor immunity
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“Macrophages are an important component of the innate immune system and play a key role in the activation and regulation of specific immunological responses through antigen presentation and secretion of cytokines (49, 50), in addition to phagocytosis.”
BackgroundPrinciples of inflammasome priming and inhibition: implications for psychiatric disorders
Herman, F. J., & Pasinetti, G. M. (2018) · Brain, Behavior, and Immunity · doi:10.1016/j.bbi.2018.06.010 · Cited by 115
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“7 of 18 Innate immune signaling potentiated by AH:CpG formulation is preserved in aged mice LNs are critical sites for the interaction between innate and adaptive immune systems and orchestrate the development of vaccine immune responses (49, 50).”
BackgroundEffector-triggered immunity and pathogen sensing in metazoans
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“Therefore, adaptive immunity is more specific than the innate component [3].”
BackgroundThe Intestinal Virome and Immunity
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“IFNs also promote adaptive immune responses (38), which are critical for control of enteric viruses (39–42).”
BackgroundRole of Mitochondria in Viral Infections
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“This early innate immune signaling is central to recognition of infecting viruses, stimulating recruitment of additional immune cells to the site, activating the specific adaptive immune response, and inducing the production of molecules necessary to combat infection for elimination of the infectious agent as well as…”
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Update on Chlamydia trachomatis Vaccinology
de la Maza, L. M., Zhong, G., & Brunham, R. C. (2017) · Clinical and Vaccine Immunology · doi:10.1128/cvi.00543-16 · Cited by 117
“Examples of PAMPs include membrane components, i.e., lipopolysaccharide (LPS), flagellin, lipoteichoic acid, porins, and intracellular components, such as nucleic acids (241, 243).”
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Role of Metabolic Reprogramming in Pulmonary Innate Immunity and Its Impact on Lung Diseases
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“Scien IL-4 has also been observed in vivo (14), and the influence of inflammatory cytokines other than IL-4 on TH2 differentiation is poorly documented (15).”
Background
Metadata
- Authors
- Iwasaki, A., & Medzhitov, R.
- Affiliations
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute (US)
- Corresponding author
- Iwasaki, Akiko
- Medzhitov, Ruslan
- Venue
- Nature Immunology
- Published
- 2015-03-19
- Volume
- 16
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 343-353
- ISSN
- 1529-2908 (ISSN-L)
- 1529-2916
- PMC
- PMC4507498
- OpenAlex
- W2044757050
- Cited by
- 2,160
- References
- 139
- Citations by year
- 2026: 183 · 2025: 212 · 2024: 181 · 2023: 193 · 2022: 204 · 2021: 239 · 2020: 216 · 2019: 189 · 2018: 187 · 2017: 167 · 2016: 157 · 2015: 31
- FWCI
- 17.06
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Licence
- www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
- Locations
- Nature Immunology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (R01AI064705, AI062428, AI 064705, R01AI062428, AI 081884, R56AI062428, AI089771, R01AI089771, R01AI054359, R37AI046688, AI046688, R01AI081884, R01AI046688)
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (DK071754, R01DK071754)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › Immune Response and Inflammation
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › Immunotherapy and Immune Responses
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › Immune responses and vaccinations
- Keywords
- innate immunity, adaptive immunity, innate-adaptive immune crosstalk, pathogen recognition, dendritic cells, cytokines, lymphocyte activation, microbial infection, pattern recognition receptors
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Bacteria, Dendritic Cells, Fungi, Gene Expression Regulation, Helminths, Humans, Immunity, Innate, Intestines, Lung, Skin, Viruses, Lymphocyte Subsets, Cytokines, Receptors, Pattern Recognition, Adaptive Immunity
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