Infection-induced NETosis is a dynamic process involving neutrophil multitasking in vivo
Open accessAbstract
Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) are released as neutrophils die in vitro in a process requiring hours, leaving a temporal gap that invasive microbes may exploit. Neutrophils capable of migration and phagocytosis while undergoing NETosis have not been documented. During Gram-positive skin infections, we directly visualized live polymorphonuclear cells (PMNs) in vivo rapidly releasing NETs, which prevented systemic bacterial dissemination. NETosis occurred during crawling, thereby casting large areas of NETs. NET-releasing PMNs developed diffuse decondensed nuclei, ultimately becoming devoid of DNA. Cells with abnormal nuclei showed unusual crawling behavior highlighted by erratic pseudopods and hyperpolarization consistent with the nucleus being a fulcrum for crawling. A requirement for both Toll-like receptor 2 and complement-mediated opsonization tightly regulated NET release. Additionally, live human PMNs injected into mouse skin developed decondensed nuclei and formed NETS in vivo, and intact anuclear neutrophils were abundant in Gram-positive human abscesses. Therefore early in infection NETosis involves neutrophils that do not undergo lysis and retain the ability to multitask.
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NET extrusion per se does not necessarily result in cellular lysis.
“NET extrusion per se does not necessarily result in cellular lysis [722, 724, 735].”
From Molecular mechanisms of cell death: recommendations of the nomenclature committee on cell death 2018. (2018) · cites this paper as [735]
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Self-citation
- Authors
- Yipp, B. G., Petri, B., Salina, D., Jenne, C. N., Scott, B. N. V., Zbytnuik, L. D., Pittman, K., Asaduzzaman, M., Wu, K., Meijndert, H. C., Malawista, S. E., de Boisfleury Chevance, A., Zhang, K., Conly, J., & Kubes, P.
- Affiliations
- University of Calgary (CA)
- Yale University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Kubes, Paul
- ORCID
- Venue
- Nature Medicine
- Published
- 2012-08-26
- Volume
- 18
- Issue
- 9
- Pages
- 1386-1393
- ISSN
- 1078-8956 (ISSN-L)
- 1546-170X
- PMC
- PMC4529131
- OpenAlex
- W2014678245
- Semantic Scholar
- 57679b6491ffcb1bda2f8c97c961a9b0848b5370
- Cited by
- 1,169
- References
- 49
- Citations by year
- 2026: 70 · 2025: 96 · 2024: 97 · 2023: 77 · 2022: 114 · 2021: 101 · 2020: 91 · 2019: 92 · 2018: 82 · 2017: 66 · 2016: 84 · 2015: 53 · 2014: 68 · 2013: 64 · 2012: 9
- FWCI
- 27.03
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Licence
- www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
- Locations
- Nature Medicine (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- Technische Universität Kaiserslautern
- National Institutes of Health (UL1TR000043)
- Canadian Institutes of Health Research
- National Center for Research Resources (UL1RR024143)
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › Neutrophil, Myeloperoxidase and Oxidative Mechanisms
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Microbiology › Antimicrobial Peptides and Activities
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › Inflammation biomarkers and pathways
- Keywords
- neutrophil extracellular traps, NETosis, neutrophils, bacterial dissemination, TLR2, complement opsonization, abscess, in vivo imaging
- MeSH terms
- Analysis of Variance, Animals, Extracellular Space, Genetic Vectors, Humans, Mice, Inbred C57BL, Mice, Transgenic, Microscopy, Fluorescence, Movement, Neutrophils, Opsonin Proteins, Skin Diseases, Bacterial, Microscopy, Confocal, Microscopy, Electron, Transmission, Green Fluorescent Proteins, Toll-Like Receptor 2, Mice
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