How human neutrophils kill and degrade microbes: an integrated view
Abstract
Summary: Neutrophils constitute the dominant cell in the circulation that mediates the earliest innate immune human responses to infection. The morbidity and mortality from infection rise dramatically in patients with quantitative or qualitative neutrophil defects, providing clinical confirmation of the important role of normal neutrophils for human health. Neutrophil‐dependent anti‐microbial activity against ingested microbes represents the collaboration of multiple agents, including those prefabricated during granulocyte development in the bone marrow and those generated de novo following neutrophil activation. Furthermore, neutrophils cooperate with extracellular agents as well as other immune cells to optimally kill and degrade invading microbes. This brief review focuses attention on two examples of the integrated nature of neutrophil‐mediated anti‐microbial action within the phagosome. The importance and complexity of myeloperoxidase‐mediated events illustrate a collaboration of anti‐microbial responses that are endogenous to the neutrophil, whereas the synergy between the phagocyte NADPH (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate) oxidase and plasma‐derived group IIA phospholipase A 2 exemplifies the collective effects of the neutrophil with an exogenous factor to achieve degradation of ingested staphylococci.
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Nox2 generates superoxide ion, which ensures phagocytic neutralization of microorganisms.
“Nox2 generates superoxide ion (O 2 ⅐Ϫ ), which ensures the phagocytic neutralization of microorganisms (Nauseef, 2007)”
From Neurotoxic Activation of Microglia Is Promoted by a Nox1-Dependent NADPH Oxidase (2008) · cites this paper as Nauseef, 2007
O2− produced in phagolysosomes gives rise to halide derivatives, which eventually destroy ingested bacteria or fungi.
“and gives rise to halide derivatives (Nauseef, 2007), which eventually destroy ingested bacteria or fungi.”
From Neurotoxic Activation of Microglia Is Promoted by a Nox1-Dependent NADPH Oxidase (2008) · cites this paper as Nauseef, 2007
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- Authors
- Nauseef, W. M.
- Affiliations
- University of Iowa (US)
- Corresponding author
- Nauseef, William M.
- ORCID
- Nauseef, William M.
- Venue
- Immunological Reviews
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2007-09-10
- Volume
- 219
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 88-102
- ISSN
- 0105-2896 (ISSN-L)
- 1600-065X
- OpenAlex
- W2108585076
- Cited by
- 756
- References
- 11
- Citations by year
- 2026: 23 · 2025: 18 · 2024: 39 · 2023: 27 · 2022: 36 · 2021: 40 · 2020: 35 · 2019: 43 · 2018: 38 · 2017: 35 · 2016: 50 · 2015: 38 · 2014: 47 · 2013: 50 · 2012: 67
- FWCI
- 3.57
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Immunological Reviews (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs (I01 BX000513)
- National Institutes of Health
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (R01HL053592, HL-53592)
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (AI44642, AI 34879, P01AI044642)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › Neutrophil, Myeloperoxidase and Oxidative Mechanisms
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Microbiology › Antimicrobial Peptides and Activities
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Redox biology and oxidative stress
- Keywords
- neutrophils, phagocytosis, phagosome, microbial killing, myeloperoxidase, NADPH oxidase, group IIA phospholipase A2, Staphylococcus, innate immunity, neutrophil defects, neutrophil activation
- MeSH terms
- Bacteria, Fungi, Humans, Infections, Peroxidase, Neutrophils, Phagocytosis, Phagosomes, Neutrophil Activation, NADPH Oxidases
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