Motion illusions as optimal percepts
Abstract
The pattern of local image velocities on the retina encodes important environmental information. Although humans are generally able to extract this information, they can easily be deceived into seeing incorrect velocities. We show that these 'illusions' arise naturally in a system that attempts to estimate local image velocity. We formulated a model of visual motion perception using standard estimation theory, under the assumptions that (i) there is noise in the initial measurements and (ii) slower motions are more likely to occur than faster ones. We found that specific instantiation of such a velocity estimator can account for a wide variety of psychophysical phenomena.
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Many motion illusions are not the result of sloppy computation but of a coherent computational strategy that is optimal under reasonable assumptions.
“Many motion ' illusions ' are not the result of sloppy computation by various components in the visual system, but rather a result of a coherent computational strategy that is optimal under reasonable assumptions. (Weiss et al. 2002, p. 603)”
From Whatever next? Predictive brains, situated agents, and the future of cognitive science (2013) · cites this paper as Weiss et al. 2002
Similar results have been obtained for motion perception, accounting for various illusions of motion perception by invoking statistically valid priors that favor slower and smoother motions.
“Similar results have been obtained for motion perception, neatly accounting for various illusions of motion perception by invoking statistically valid priors that favor slower and smoother motions -see Weiss et al. (2002) and Ernst (2010).”
From Whatever next? Predictive brains, situated agents, and the future of cognitive science (2013) · cites this paper as Weiss et al. 2002
Bayesian cognitive models optimally combine prior knowledge about the world with sensory evidence.
“One success story is that of Bayesian cognitive models, which optimally combine prior knowledge about the world with sensory evidence21–23.”
From Cognitive computational neuroscience (2018) · cites this paper as [23]
The reduced sensitivity of psychosis patients to perceptual illusions is inconsistent with the proposition that strong priors are at the root of perceptual illusions.
“which is inconsistent with the proposition that strong priors would be at the root of perceptual illusions.141,142”
From Are hallucinations due to an imbalance between excitatory and inhibitory influences on the brain? (2016) · cites this paper as [142]
A whole range of illusory percepts, including idiosyncratic motion illusions, correspond to what an optimal Bayesian observer would perceive in similar conditions.
“Importantly, several authors (Geisler and Kersten, 2002; Weiss et al., 2002) suggested that a whole range of illusory percepts, even those that are idiosyncratic in appearance (such as motion illusions), correspond to what an optimal Bayesian observer would perceive in similar conditions.”
From What visual illusions teach us about schizophrenia (2014) · cites this paper as Weiss et al., 2002
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- Authors
- Weiss, Y., Simoncelli, E. P., & Adelson, E. H.
- Affiliations
- Hebrew University of Jerusalem (IL)
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute (US)
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (US)
- Corresponding author
- Weiss, Yair
- ORCID
- Simoncelli, Eero P.
- Venue
- Nature Neuroscience
- Published
- 2002-05-20
- Volume
- 5
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 598-604
- ISSN
- 1097-6256 (ISSN-L)
- 1546-1726
- OpenAlex
- W2148596731
- Cited by
- 1,076
- References
- 49
- Citations by year
- 2026: 33 · 2025: 48 · 2024: 42 · 2023: 31 · 2022: 38 · 2021: 52 · 2020: 43 · 2019: 59 · 2018: 55 · 2017: 57 · 2016: 44 · 2015: 50 · 2014: 65 · 2013: 59 · 2012: 51
- FWCI
- 16.03
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Licence
- www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
- Locations
- Nature Neuroscience (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health (5r01ey011005-05)
- National Eye Institute (R01 EY11005)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Visual perception and processing mechanisms
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Motor Control and Adaptation
- Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition › Advanced Vision and Imaging
- Keywords
- illusory motion, visual motion perception, velocity estimation, Bayesian estimation, psychophysics, measurement noise
- MeSH terms
- Humans, Models, Neurological, Motion Perception, Optical Illusions, Time Factors, Contrast Sensitivity
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