Impact of learning on representation of parts and wholes in monkey inferotemporal cortex
Open accessAbstract
Here we investigated the impact of visual discrimination training on neuronal responses to parts of images and to whole images in inferotemporal (IT) cortex. Monkeys were trained to discriminate among 'baton' stimuli consisting of discrete top and bottom parts joined by a vertical stem. With separate features at each end, we were able to manipulate the two parts of each baton independently. After training the monkeys, we used single-cell recording to compare neuronal responses to learned and unlearned batons. Responses to learned batons, though not enhanced in strength, were enhanced in selectivity for both individual parts and for whole batons. Whole-baton selectivity arose from a form of conjunctive encoding whereby two parts together exerted a greater influence on neuronal activity than predicted by the additive influence of each part considered individually. These results indicate a possible neural mechanism for holistic or configural effects in expert versus novice observers.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
Binding of letters may also be based on more holistic coding, as suggested by the demonstration that single IT neurons develop selectivity for learned complex shapes above and beyond additive influence of component parts.
“Binding of letters may also be based on more holistic coding, as suggested by the recent demonstration that single IT neurons develop selectivity for learned complex shapes, above and beyond what could be expected from the additive influence of their component parts (Baker et al., 2002).”
From Specialization within the ventral stream: the case for the visual word form area (2004) · cites this paper as Baker et al., 2002
Cites
Baltosser, W. H., & Zar, J. H. (1996) · Ecology · doi:10.2307/2265725 · Cited by 35,166 · see citing works
The Psychology of Learning and Motivation
(2021) · The Psychology of learning and motivation/The psychology of learning and motivation · doi:10.1016/s0079-7421(21)x0002-3 · Cited by 5,081 · see citing works
Stimulus-selective properties of inferior temporal neurons in the macaque
Desimone, R., Albright, T. D., Gross, C. G., & Bruce, C. J. (1984) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.04-08-02051.1984 · Cited by 1,424 · see citing works
Inferotemporal cortex and object vision
Tanaka, K. (1996) · Annual Review of Neuroscience · doi:10.1146/annurev.ne.19.030196.000545 · Cited by 1,402 · see citing works
Visual neurones responsive to faces in the monkey temporal cortex
Perrett, D. I., Rolls, E. T., & Caan, W. (1982) · Experimental Brain Research · doi:10.1007/bf00239352 · Cited by 1,386 · see citing works
Logothetis, N. K., & Sheinberg, D. L. (1996) · Annual Review of Neuroscience · doi:10.1146/annurev.ne.19.030196.003045 · Cited by 1,360 · see citing works
Categorical Representation of Visual Stimuli in the Primate Prefrontal Cortex
Freedman, D. J., Riesenhuber, M., Poggio, T., & Miller, E. K. (2001) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.291.5502.312 · Cited by 1,123 · see citing works
Neural mechanisms for visual memory and their role in attention
Desimone, R. (1996) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.93.24.13494 · Cited by 1,028 · cited 1× · see citing works
“This result is consistent with previous reports indicating that the effects of attention become prominent only when multiple stimuli compete to control neuronal activit”
ResultShape representation in the inferior temporal cortex of monkeys
Logothetis, N. K., Pauls, J., & Poggio, T. (1995) · Current Biology · doi:10.1016/s0960-9822(95)00108-4 · Cited by 963 · see citing works
Goldstone, R. L. (1998) · Annual Review of Psychology · doi:10.1146/annurev.psych.49.1.585 · Cited by 907 · see citing works
Coding visual images of objects in the inferotemporal cortex of the macaque monkey
Tanaka, K., Saito, H., Fukada, Y., & Moriya, M. (1991) · Journal of Neurophysiology · doi:10.1152/jn.1991.66.1.170 · Cited by 773 · see citing works
Neural organization for the long-term memory of paired associates
Sakai, K., & Miyashita, Y. (1991) · Nature · doi:10.1038/354152a0 · Cited by 743 · see citing works
A Neural Mechanism for Working and Recognition Memory in Inferior Temporal Cortex
Miller, E. K., Li, L., & Desimone, R. (1991) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1962197 · Cited by 706 · see citing works
Visual attention mediated by biased competition in extrastriate visual cortex
Desimone, R. (1998) · Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B: Biological Sciences · doi:10.1098/rstb.1998.0280 · Cited by 696 · see citing works
Visual categorization shapes feature selectivity in the primate temporal cortex
Sigala, N., & Logothetis, N. K. (2002) · Nature · doi:10.1038/415318a · Cited by 559 · see citing works
The representation of stimulus familiarity in anterior inferior temporal cortex
Li, L., Miller, E. K., & Desimone, R. (1993) · Journal of Neurophysiology · doi:10.1152/jn.1993.69.6.1918 · Cited by 539 · see citing works
Shape Representation in Area V4: Position-Specific Tuning for Boundary Conformation
Pasupathy, A., & Connor, C. E. (2001) · Journal of Neurophysiology · doi:10.1152/jn.2001.86.5.2505 · Cited by 483 · see citing works
Perceptual–mnemonic functions of the perirhinal cortex
Murray, E. A. (1999) · Trends in Cognitive Sciences · doi:10.1016/s1364-6613(99)01303-0 · Cited by 441 · see citing works
Xiang, J. ‐., & Brown, M. W. (1998) · Neuropharmacology · doi:10.1016/s0028-3908(98)00030-6 · Cited by 425 · see citing works
Unraveling mechanisms for expert object recognition: Bridging brain activity and behavior.
Gauthier, L., & Tarr, M. J. (2002) · Journal of Experimental Psychology Human Perception & Performance · doi:10.1037//0096-1523.28.2.431 · Cited by 424 · see citing works
Perirhinal cortex resolves feature ambiguity in complex visual discriminations
Bussey, T., Saksida, L., & Murray, E. A. (2002) · European Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1046/j.0953-816x.2001.01851.x · Cited by 365 · see citing works
Tsunoda, K., Yamane, Y., Nishizaki, M., & Tanifuji, M. (2001) · Nature Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/90547 · Cited by 359 · see citing works
Baylis, G. C., & Rolls, E. T. (1987) · Experimental Brain Research · doi:10.1007/bf00235984 · Cited by 351 · see citing works
Effects of Shape-Discrimination Training on the Selectivity of Inferotemporal Cells in Adult Monkeys
Kobatake, E., Wang, G., & Tanaka, K. (1998) · Journal of Neurophysiology · doi:10.1152/jn.1998.80.1.324 · Cited by 329 · see citing works
Unraveling mechanisms for expert object recognition: Bridging brain activity and behavior.
Gauthier, L., & Tarr, M. J. (2002) · Journal of Experimental Psychology Human Perception & Performance · doi:10.1037/0096-1523.28.2.431 · Cited by 302 · see citing works
Inferotemporal neurons represent low-dimensional configurations of parameterized shapes
de Beeck, H. O., Wagemans, J. P., & Vogels, R. (2001) · Nature Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nn767 · Cited by 287 · see citing works
Psychophysical and Physiological Evidence for Viewer-centered Object Representations in the Primate
Logothetis, N. K., & Pauls, J. (1995) · Cerebral Cortex · doi:10.1093/cercor/5.3.270 · Cited by 261 · see citing works
Visual categorization and the primate prefrontal cortex: neurophysiology and behavior.
Freedman, D. J., Riesenhuber, M., Poggio, T., & Miller, E. (2002) · Journal of Neurophysiology · doi:10.1152/jn.2002.88.2.929 · Cited by 238 · see citing works
Bussey, T. J., & Saksida, L. M. (2002) · European Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1046/j.0953-816x.2001.01850.x · Cited by 234 · see citing works
Responses of Macaque Perirhinal Neurons during and after Visual Stimulus Association Learning
Erickson, C. A., & Desimone, R. (1999) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.19-23-10404.1999 · Cited by 221 · see citing works
Wallis, G. M., & Bülthoff, H. (1999) · Trends in Cognitive Sciences · doi:10.1016/s1364-6613(98)01261-3 · Cited by 219 · see citing works
Neuronal representations of stimulus associations develop in the temporal lobe during learning
Messinger, A., Squire, L. R., Zola, S. M., & Albright, T. D. (2001) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.211431098 · Cited by 219 · see citing works
What facial features activate face neurons in the inferotemporal cortex of the monkey?
Yamane, S., Kaji, S., & Kawano, K. (1988) · Experimental Brain Research · doi:10.1007/bf00279674 · Cited by 202 · see citing works
Categorization of complex visual images by rhesus monkeys. Part 2: single‐cell study
Vogels, R. (1999) · European Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1046/j.1460-9568.1999.00531.x · Cited by 173 · see citing works
Unitization during category learning.
Goldstone, R. L. (2000) · Journal of Experimental Psychology Human Perception & Performance · doi:10.1037/0096-1523.26.1.86 · Cited by 170 · see citing works
Mostafapour, S. P., Cochran, S. L., del Puerto, N. M., & Rubel, E. W. (2000) · The Journal of Comparative Neurology · doi:10.1002/1096-9861(20001030)426:4 · Cited by 156 · see citing works
Erickson, C. A., Jagadeesh, B., & Desimone, R. (2000) · Nature Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/80664 · Cited by 115 · see citing works
Neuronal tuning to learned complex forms in vision
Sakai, K. L., & Miyashita, Y. (1994) · Neuroreport · doi:10.1097/00001756-199403000-00023 · Cited by 70 · see citing works
Configurational encoding of complex visual forms by single neurons of monkey temporal cortex
Miyashita, Y., Date, A., & Okuno, H. (1993) · Neuropsychologia · doi:10.1016/0028-3932(93)90036-y · Cited by 57 · see citing works
Xiang, J. ‐., & Brown, M. W. (1999) · European Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1046/j.1460-9568.1999.00790.x · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Vogels, R., & Orban, G. A. (1994) · European Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1111/j.1460-9568.1994.tb00560.x · Cited by 31 · see citing works
Schlinger, H. D., & Poling, A. D. (1998) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4899-1893-2_7 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Categorizing the world: expert neurons look into key features
Hasegawa, I., & Miyashita, Y. (2002) · Nature Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nn0202-90 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Sheinberg, D. L., & Logothetis, N. K. (2002) · The MIT Press eBooks · doi:10.7551/mitpress/5295.003.0008 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Repetition and the brain: neural models of stimulus-specific effects
Grill-Spector, K., Henson, R., & Martin, A. (2006) · Trends in Cognitive Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.tics.2005.11.006 · Cited by 2,256 · see citing works
Neuronal gamma-band synchronization as a fundamental process in cortical computation
Fries, P. (2009) · Annual Review of Neuroscience · doi:10.1146/annurev.neuro.051508.135603 · Cited by 1,713 · see citing works
The fusiform face area: a cortical region specialized for the perception of faces
Kanwisher, N., & Yovel, G. (2006) · Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences · doi:10.1098/rstb.2006.1934 · Cited by 1,718 · see citing works
Matching Categorical Object Representations in Inferior Temporal Cortex of Man and Monkey
Kriegeskorte, N., Mur, M., Ruff, D. A., Kiani, R., Bodurka, J., Esteky, H., Tanaka, K., & Bandettini, P. A. (2008) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2008.10.043 · Cited by 1,334 · see citing works
Specialization within the ventral stream: the case for the visual word form area
Cohen, L., & Dehaene, S. (2004) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2003.12.049 · Cited by 776 · see citing works
Cadieu, C. F., Hong, H., Yamins, D. L. K., Pinto, N., Ardila, D., Solomon, E. A., Majaj, N. J., & DiCarlo, J. J. (2014) · PLoS Computational Biology · doi:10.1371/journal.pcbi.1003963 · Cited by 824 · see citing works
Tsao, D. Y., & Livingstone, M. S. (2008) · Annual Review of Neuroscience · doi:10.1146/annurev.neuro.30.051606.094238 · Cited by 652 · see citing works
Population coding of shape in area V4
Pasupathy, A., & Connor, C. E. (2002) · Nature Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/972 · Cited by 552 · see citing works
A Comparison of Primate Prefrontal and Inferior Temporal Cortices during Visual Categorization
Freedman, D. J., Riesenhuber, M., Poggio, T., & Miller, E. K. (2003) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.23-12-05235.2003 · Cited by 538 · see citing works
Kiani, R., Esteky, H., Mirpour, K., & Tanaka, K. (2007) · Journal of Neurophysiology · doi:10.1152/jn.00024.2007 · Cited by 495 · see citing works
Kar, K., Kubilius, J., Schmidt, K., Issa, E. B., & DiCarlo, J. J. (2019) · Nature Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/s41593-019-0392-5 · Cited by 496 · see citing works
Fries, P., Womelsdorf, T., Oostenveld, R., & Desimone, R. (2008) · The Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.4499-07.2008 · Cited by 458 · see citing works
Category Learning in the Brain
Seger, C. A., & Miller, E. K. (2010) · Annual Review of Neuroscience · doi:10.1146/annurev.neuro.051508.135546 · Cited by 454 · see citing works
Baker, C. I., Jia Liu, B., Wald, L. L., Kwong, K. K., Benner, T., & Kanwisher, N. (2007) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.0703300104 · Cited by 407 · see citing works
Rust, N. C., & DiCarlo, J. J. (2010) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.0179-10.2010 · Cited by 388 · see citing works
Underlying principles of visual shape selectivity in posterior inferotemporal cortex
Brincat, S. L., & Connor, C. E. (2004) · Nature Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nn1278 · Cited by 385 · see citing works
Norm-based face encoding by single neurons in the monkey inferotemporal cortex
Leopold, D. A., Bondar, I. V., & Giese, M. A. (2006) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature04951 · Cited by 379 · see citing works
Statistical learning of visual transitions in monkey inferotemporal cortex
Meyer, T., & Olson, C. R. (2011) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1112895108 · Cited by 325 · see citing works
A neural code for three-dimensional object shape in macaque inferotemporal cortex
Yamane, Y., Carlson, E. T., Bowman, K. C., Wang, Z., & Connor, C. E. (2008) · Nature Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nn.2202 · Cited by 291 · see citing works
Schiltz, C. (2010) · Journal of Vision · doi:10.1167/10.2.25 · Cited by 283 · see citing works
Unsupervised Natural Experience Rapidly Alters Invariant Object Representation in Visual Cortex
Li, N., & DiCarlo, J. J. (2008) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1160028 · Cited by 263 · see citing works
Attention-Gated Reinforcement Learning of Internal Representations for Classification
Roelfsema, P. R., & van Ooyen, A. (2005) · Neural Computation · doi:10.1162/0899766054615699 · Cited by 258 · see citing works
Higher Order Visual Processing in Macaque Extrastriate Cortex
Orban, G. A. (2008) · Physiological Reviews · doi:10.1152/physrev.00008.2007 · Cited by 257 · see citing works
Discrimination Training Alters Object Representations in Human Extrastriate Cortex
de Beeck, H. O., Baker, C. I., DiCarlo, J. J., & Kanwisher, N. (2006) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.2481-06.2006 · Cited by 250 · see citing works
Behavioral and electrophysiological evidence for configural processing in fingerprint experts
Busey, T. A., & Vanderkolk, J. R. (2004) · Vision Research · doi:10.1016/j.visres.2004.08.021 · Cited by 232 · see citing works
Object recognition and segmentation by a fragment-based hierarchy
Ullman, S. (2006) · Trends in Cognitive Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.tics.2006.11.009 · Cited by 225 · see citing works
A Neural System for Learning about Object Function
Weisberg, J., van Turennout, M., & Martin, A. D. (2006) · Cerebral Cortex · doi:10.1093/cercor/bhj176 · Cited by 221 · see citing works
Gotts, S. J., Chow, C. C., & Martin, A. (2012) · Cognitive Neuroscience · doi:10.1080/17588928.2012.670617 · Cited by 213 · see citing works
Repetition suppression: a means to index neural representations using BOLD?
Barron, H. C., Garvert, M. M., & Behrens, T. E. J. (2016) · Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences · doi:10.1098/rstb.2015.0355 · Cited by 219 · see citing works
Bussey, T. J., Saksida, L. M., & Murray, E. A. (2003) · European Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1046/j.1460-9568.2003.02475.x · Cited by 221 · see citing works
Experience-dependent sharpening of visual shape selectivity in inferior temporal cortex.
Freedman, D. J., Riesenhuber, M., Poggio, T., & Miller, E. (2005) · Cerebral Cortex · doi:10.1093/cercor/bhj100 · Cited by 241 · see citing works
The Perceptual-Mnemonic/Feature Conjunction Model of Perirhinal Cortex Function
Bussey, T. J., Saksida, L. M., & Murray, E. A. (2005) · The Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology Section B · doi:10.1080/02724990544000004 · Cited by 211 · see citing works
How parallel is visual processing in the ventral pathway?
Rousselet, G. A., Thorpe, S. J., & Fabre‐Thorpe, M. (2004) · Trends in Cognitive Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.tics.2004.06.003 · Cited by 198 · see citing works
Dynamic Shape Synthesis in Posterior Inferotemporal Cortex
Brincat, S. L., & Connor, C. E. (2006) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2005.11.026 · Cited by 180 · see citing works
Role of Attention and Perceptual Grouping in Visual Statistical Learning
Baker, C. I., Olson, C. R., & Behrmann, M. (2004) · Psychological Science · doi:10.1111/j.0956-7976.2004.00702.x · Cited by 173 · see citing works
Object Vision in a Structured World
KAISER, D. H., Quek, G. L., Cichy, R. M., & Peelen, M. V. (2019) · Trends in Cognitive Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.tics.2019.04.013 · Cited by 162 · see citing works
Neural correlates of categories and concepts
Miller, E. K., Nieder, A., Freedman, D. J., & Wallis, J. D. (2003) · Current Opinion in Neurobiology · doi:10.1016/s0959-4388(03)00037-0 · Cited by 164 · see citing works
Coding of visual objects in the ventral stream
Reddy, L., & Kanwisher, N. (2006) · Current Opinion in Neurobiology · doi:10.1016/j.conb.2006.06.004 · Cited by 159 · see citing works
Developmental neuroimaging of the human ventral visual cortex
Grill-Spector, K., Golarai, G., & Gabrieli, J. (2008) · Trends in Cognitive Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.tics.2008.01.009 · Cited by 147 · see citing works
Neural Representations for Object Perception: Structure, Category, and Adaptive Coding
Kourtzi, Z., & Connor, C. E. (2011) · Annual Review of Neuroscience · doi:10.1146/annurev-neuro-060909-153218 · Cited by 146 · see citing works
Distributed Neural Plasticity for Shape Learning in the Human Visual Cortex
Kourtzi, Z., Betts, L. R., Sarkheil, P., & Welchman, A. E. (2005) · PLoS Biology · doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.0030204 · Cited by 152 · see citing works
Tuning for shape dimensions in macaque inferior temporal cortex
Kayaert, G., Biederman, I., de Beeck, H. O., & Vogels, R. (2005) · European Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1111/j.1460-9568.2005.04202.x · Cited by 149 · see citing works
Prefrontal Cortex Activity during Flexible Categorization
Roy, J. E., Riesenhuber, M., Poggio, T., & Miller, E. K. (2010) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.4837-09.2010 · Cited by 152 · see citing works
Age-related Changes in Object Processing and Contextual Binding Revealed Using fMR Adaptation
Chee, M. W. L., Goh, J. O. S., Venkatraman, V., Tan, J. C., Gutchess, A. H., Sutton, B. P., Hebrank, A., Leshikar, E. D., & Park, D. C. (2006) · Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience · doi:10.1162/jocn.2006.18.4.495 · Cited by 149 · see citing works
Woloszyn, L., & Sheinberg, D. L. (2012) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2012.01.032 · Cited by 149 · see citing works
The physiology of developmental changes in BOLD functional imaging signals
Harris, J. J., Reynell, C., & Attwell, D. (2011) · Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/j.dcn.2011.04.001 · Cited by 142 · see citing works
Neural Basis for Priming of Pop-Out during Visual Search Revealed with fMRI
Kristjansson, A. K., Vuilleumier, P. O., Schwartz, S., Macaluso, E., & Driver, J. (2006) · Cerebral Cortex · doi:10.1093/cercor/bhl072 · Cited by 139 · see citing works
Two areas for familiar face recognition in the primate brain
Landi, S. M., & Freiwald, W. A. (2017) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.aan1139 · Cited by 139 · see citing works
Medial Axis Shape Coding in Macaque Inferotemporal Cortex
Hung, C.-C., Carlson, E. T., & Connor, C. E. (2012) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2012.04.029 · Cited by 139 · see citing works
Goh, J. O. S., Soon, C. S., Park, D. C., Gutchess, A. H., Hebrank, A., & Chee, M. W. L. (2004) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.3373-04.2004 · Cited by 134 · see citing works
Object memory and perception in the medial temporal lobe: an alternative approach
Bussey, T. J., & Saksida, L. M. (2005) · Current Opinion in Neurobiology · doi:10.1016/j.conb.2005.10.014 · Cited by 136 · see citing works
Flexible Coding for Categorical Decisions in the Human Brain
Li, S., Ostwald, D., Giese, M. A., & Kourtzi, Z. (2007) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.3795-07.2007 · Cited by 131 · see citing works
Effects of task demands on the responses of color-selective neurons in the inferior temporal cortex
Koida, K., & Komatsu, H. (2006) · Nature Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nn1823 · Cited by 133 · see citing works
Li, N., & DiCarlo, J. J. (2010) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2010.08.029 · Cited by 130 · see citing works
Repetition Suppression in Monkey Inferotemporal Cortex: Relation to Behavioral Priming
McMahon, D. B. T., & Olson, C. R. (2007) · Journal of Neurophysiology · doi:10.1152/jn.01042.2006 · Cited by 126 · see citing works
Hill, N. M., & Schneider, W. (2006) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/cbo9780511816796.037 · Cited by 129 · see citing works
Perception and the Medial Temporal Lobe: Evaluating the Current Evidence
SUZUKI, W. A. (2009) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2009.02.008 · Cited by 126 · see citing works
Statistical smoothing of neuronal data
Kass, R. E., Ventura, V., & Cai, C. (2003) · Network Computation in Neural Systems · doi:10.1088/0954-898x/14/1/301 · Cited by 123 · see citing works
Shape Tuning in Macaque Inferior Temporal Cortex
Kayaert, G., Biederman, I., & Vogels, R. (2003) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.23-07-03016.2003 · Cited by 121 · see citing works
Stimulus coding in human associative learning: Flexible representations of parts and wholes
Melchers, K. G., Shanks, D. R., & Lachnit, H. (2007) · Behavioural Processes · doi:10.1016/j.beproc.2007.09.013 · Cited by 113 · see citing works
Incremental grouping of image elements in vision
Roelfsema, P. R., & Houtkamp, R. (2011) · Attention, Perception, & Psychophysics · doi:10.3758/s13414-011-0200-0 · Cited by 112 · see citing works
Statistical Learning Signals in Macaque Inferior Temporal Cortex
Kaposvari, P., Kumar, S., & Vogels, R. (2018) · Cerebral Cortex · doi:10.1093/cercor/bhw374 · Cited by 91 · see citing works
Neural Coding of Global Form in the Human Visual Cortex
Ostwald, D., Lam, J. M., Li, S., & Kourtzi, Z. (2008) · Journal of Neurophysiology · doi:10.1152/jn.01307.2007 · Cited by 111 · see citing works
Glezer, L. S., Kim, J. S., Rule, J., Jiang, X., & Riesenhuber, M. (2015) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.4031-14.2015 · Cited by 107 · see citing works
Hirabayashi, T., & Miyashita, Y. (2005) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.3036-05.2005 · Cited by 107 · see citing works
Task Dependence of Visual and Category Representations in Prefrontal and Inferior Temporal Cortices
McKee, J. L., Riesenhuber, M., Miller, E., & Freedman, D. J. (2014) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.1660-14.2014 · Cited by 110 · see citing works
The neural basis of visual object learning
de Beeck, H. O., & Baker, C. I. (2009) · Trends in Cognitive Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.tics.2009.11.002 · Cited by 99 · see citing works
Neural mechanisms of visual categorization: Insights from neurophysiology
Freedman, D. J., & Miller, E. K. (2007) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2007.07.011 · Cited by 102 · see citing works
Learning and neural plasticity in visual object recognition
Kourtzi, Z., & DiCarlo, J. J. (2006) · Current Opinion in Neurobiology · doi:10.1016/j.conb.2006.03.012 · Cited by 100 · see citing works
Dielectric properties of blood: an investigation of haematocrit dependence
Jaspard, F., Nadi, M., & Rouane, A. (2003) · Physiological Measurement · doi:10.1088/0967-3334/24/1/310 · Cited by 98 · see citing works
Nielsen, K. J., Logothetis, N. K., & Rainer, G. (2006) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.2273-06.2006 · Cited by 88 · see citing works
Spatial and temporal deficits are regionally dissociable in patients with pulvinar lesions
Arend, I. C., Rafal, R. D., & Ward, R. D. (2008) · Brain · doi:10.1093/brain/awn135 · Cited by 88 · see citing works
The what and why of perceptual asymmetries in the visual domain
Karim, A. K. M. R., & Kojima, H. (2010) · Advances in Cognitive Psychology · doi:10.2478/v10053-008-0080-6 · Cited by 85 · see citing works
Invariant visual object recognition and shape processing in rats
Zoccolan, D. (2015) · Behavioural Brain Research · doi:10.1016/j.bbr.2014.12.053 · Cited by 85 · see citing works
Poggio, T., & Serre, T. (2006) · DSpace@MIT (Massachusetts Institute of Technology) · Cited by 85 · see citing works
Interactions of Memory and Perception in Amnesia: The Figure–Ground Perspective
Barense, M. D., Ngo, J. K. W., Hung, L. H. T., & Peterson, M. A. (2011) · Cerebral Cortex · doi:10.1093/cercor/bhr347 · Cited by 82 · see citing works
A Stable Topography of Selectivity for Unfamiliar Shape Classes in Monkey Inferior Temporal Cortex
de Beeck, H. O., Deutsch, J. A., Vanduffel, W., Kanwisher, N., & DiCarlo, J. J. (2007) · Cerebral Cortex · doi:10.1093/cercor/bhm196 · Cited by 80 · see citing works
Kent, B. A., Hvoslef‐Eide, M., Saksida, L. M., & Bussey, T. J. (2016) · Neurobiology of Learning and Memory · doi:10.1016/j.nlm.2016.01.006 · Cited by 81 · see citing works
Mogami, T., & Tanaka, K. (2006) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.4924-05.2006 · Cited by 80 · see citing works
An objective signature for visual binding of face parts in the human brain
Boremanse, A., Norcia, A. M., & Rossion, B. (2013) · Journal of Vision · doi:10.1167/13.11.6 · Cited by 73 · see citing works
Rossion, B., Collins, D., Goffaux, V., & Curran, T. (2007) · Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience · doi:10.1162/jocn.2007.19.3.543 · Cited by 77 · see citing works
Interpreting developmental changes in neuroimaging signals
Poldrack, R. A. (2010) · Human Brain Mapping · doi:10.1002/hbm.21039 · Cited by 73 · see citing works
Perirhinal circuits for memory processing
Miyashita, Y. (2019) · Nature reviews. Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/s41583-019-0213-6 · Cited by 74 · see citing works
Effects of category learning on the stimulus selectivity of macaque inferior temporal neuronsPreprint
Baene, W. D., Ons, B., Wagemans, J. P., & Vogels, R. (2008) · Learning & Memory · doi:10.1101/lm.1040508 · Cited by 75 · see citing works
Bi, T., Chen, J., Zhou, T., Yong He, A., & Fang, F. (2014) · Current Biology · doi:10.1016/j.cub.2013.12.028 · Cited by 74 · see citing works
Trial Outcome and Associative Learning Signals in the Monkey Hippocampus
Wirth, S., Avşar, E., Chiu, C. C., Sharma, V., Smith, A. C., Brown, E. N., & SUZUKI, W. A. (2009) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2009.01.012 · Cited by 71 · see citing works
Gillebert, C. R., de Beeck, H. O., Panis, S., & Wagemans, J. P. (2008) · Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience · doi:10.1162/jocn.2009.21089 · Cited by 72 · see citing works
Cowell, R. A., Bussey, T. J., & Saksida, L. M. (2009) · Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience · doi:10.1162/jocn.2009.21373 · Cited by 70 · see citing works
Neural Tuning for Face Wholes and Parts in Human Fusiform Gyrus Revealed by fMRI Adaptation
Harris, A. M., & Aguirre, G. K. (2010) · Journal of Neurophysiology · doi:10.1152/jn.00626.2009 · Cited by 70 · see citing works
The inferior temporal cortex: Architecture, computation, and representation
Fujita, I. (2002) · Journal of Neurocytology · doi:10.1023/a:1024138413082 · Cited by 70 · see citing works
“What” and “Where” in Word Reading: Ventral Coding of Written Words Revealed by Parietal Atrophy
Vinckier, F., Naccache, L., Papeix, C., Forget, J., Hahn-Barma, V., Dehaene, S., & Cohen, L. (2006) · Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience · doi:10.1162/jocn.2006.18.12.1998 · Cited by 69 · see citing works
Conjunctive Coding of Complex Object Features
Erez, J., Cusack, R., Kendall, W., & Barense, M. D. (2015) · Cerebral Cortex · doi:10.1093/cercor/bhv081 · Cited by 69 · see citing works
Behavioral Change and Its Neural Correlates in Visual Agnosia After Expertise Training
Behrmann, M., Marotta, J. J., Gauthier, L., Tarr, M. J., & McKeeff, T. J. (2005) · Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience · doi:10.1162/0898929053467613 · Cited by 69 · see citing works
Pourtois, G., Schwartz, S., Spiridon, M., Martuzzi, R., & Vuilleumier, P. O. (2008) · Cerebral Cortex · doi:10.1093/cercor/bhn210 · Cited by 66 · see citing works
Behrmann, M., Peterson, M. A., Moscovitch, M., & Suzuki, S. (2006) · Journal of Experimental Psychology Human Perception & Performance · doi:10.1037/0096-1523.32.5.1169 · Cited by 65 · see citing works
McMahon, D. B. T., Bondar, I. V., Afuwape, O. A., Ide, D. C., & Leopold, D. A. (2014) · Journal of Neurophysiology · doi:10.1152/jn.00052.2014 · Cited by 64 · see citing works
Learning of anticipatory responses in single neurons of the human medial temporal lobe
Reddy, L., Poncet, M., Self, M. W., Peters, J. C., Douw, L., van Dellen, E., Claus, S., Reijneveld, J. C., Baayen, J. C., & Roelfsema, P. R. (2015) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/ncomms9556 · Cited by 54 · see citing works
Neural basis of shape representation in the primate brain
Pasupathy, A. (2006) · Progress in brain research · doi:10.1016/s0079-6123(06)54016-6 · Cited by 60 · see citing works
Long-Term Stability of Visual Pattern Selective Responses of Monkey Temporal Lobe Neurons
Bondar, I. V., Leopold, D. A., Richmond, B. J., Victor, J. D., & Logothetis, N. K. (2009) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0008222 · Cited by 61 · see citing works
Object repetition leads to local increases in the temporal coordination of neural responses
Gilbert, J. R. (2010) · Frontiers in Human Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnhum.2010.00030 · Cited by 58 · see citing works
- Authors
- Baker, C. I., Behrmann, M., & Olson, C. R.
- Affiliations
- Center for the Neural Basis of Cognition (US)
- University of Pittsburgh (US)
- Corresponding author
- Baker, Chris I.
- Venue
- Nature Neuroscience
- Published
- 2002-10-15
- Volume
- 5
- Issue
- 11
- Pages
- 1210-1216
- ISSN
- 1097-6256 (ISSN-L)
- 1546-1726
- OpenAlex
- W2092661421
- Cited by
- 293
- References
- 44
- Citations by year
- 2026: 4 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 7 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 6 · 2021: 9 · 2020: 7 · 2019: 5 · 2018: 8 · 2017: 6 · 2016: 13 · 2015: 14 · 2014: 12 · 2013: 15 · 2012: 12
- FWCI
- 5.86
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- figshare.com
- Licence
- Locations
- Nature Neuroscience (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- KiltHub Repository (submittedVersion)
- Figshare (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- KiltHub Repository
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health
- National Eye Institute (R01 EY-11831, R01EY011831)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Visual perception and processing mechanisms
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Face Recognition and Perception
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Aesthetic Perception and Analysis
- Keywords
- inferotemporal cortex, visual discrimination learning, holistic processing, object recognition, single neuron responses
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Haplorhini, Discrimination Learning, Electrophysiology, Neurons, Pattern Recognition, Visual, Photic Stimulation, Temporal Lobe, Visual Fields
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
