“What” and “Where” in Word Reading: Ventral Coding of Written Words Revealed by Parietal Atrophy
Abstract
The visual system of literate adults develops a remarkable perceptual expertise for printed words. To delineate the aspects of this competence intrinsic to the occipitotemporal "what" pathway, we studied a patient with bilateral lesions of the occipitoparietal "where" pathway. Depending on critical geometric features of the display (rotation angle, letter spacing, mirror reversal, etc.), she switched from a good performance, when her intact ventral pathway was sufficient to encode words, to severely impaired reading, when her parietal lesions prevented the use of alternative reading strategies as a result of spatial and attentional impairments. In particular, reading was disrupted (a) by rotating word by more than 50 degrees , providing an approximation of the invariance range for words encoding in the ventral pathway; (b) by separating letters with double spaces, revealing the limits of letter grouping into perceptual wholes; (c) by mirror-reversing words, showing that words escape the default mirror-invariant representation of visual objects in the ventral pathway. Moreover, because of her parietal lesions, she was unable to discriminate mirror images of common objects, although she was excellent with reversible pseudowords, confirming that the breaking of mirror symmetry was intrinsic to the occipitotemporal cortex. Thus, charting the display conditions associated with preserved or impaired performance allowed us to infer properties of word coding in the normal ventral pathway and to delineate the roles of the parietal lobes in single-word recognition.
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Bilateral PPC shows responses that increase with word visibility.
“In bilateral PPC (Cohen et al., 2008; Vinckier et al., 2006), we found increasing responses to word visibility (Supplementary Figure 4).”
From The Development of Cortical Sensitivity to Visual Word Forms (2011) · cites this paper as Vinckier et al., 2006
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- Authors
- Vinckier, F., Naccache, L., Papeix, C., Forget, J., Hahn-Barma, V., Dehaene, S., & Cohen, L.
- Affiliations
- Inserm (FR)
- Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital (FR)
- 1Hôpital de la Salpêtrière, France
- Venue
- Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience
- Publisher
- MIT Press - Journals
- Published
- 2006-11-01
- Volume
- 18
- Issue
- 12
- Pages
- 1998-2012
- ISSN
- 0898-929X (ISSN-L)
- 1530-8898
- OpenAlex
- W2140407788
- Cited by
- 69
- References
- 84
- Citations by year
- 2025: 3 · 2024: 2 · 2022: 3 · 2021: 7 · 2020: 2 · 2019: 3 · 2018: 3 · 2017: 1 · 2016: 7 · 2015: 2 · 2014: 5 · 2013: 3 · 2012: 4
- FWCI
- 7.28
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Developmental and Educational Psychology › Reading and Literacy Development
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Visual perception and processing mechanisms
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Face Recognition and Perception
- Keywords
- word reading, ventral stream, parietal lobe, occipitotemporal cortex, mirror reversal, letter spacing, isolated word recognition, visual word recognition, spatial attention
- MeSH terms
- Cerebral Cortex, Cognition, Discrimination, Psychological, Female, Humans, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Middle Aged, Neural Pathways, Parietal Lobe, Perceptual Disorders, Photic Stimulation, Psychomotor Performance, Reading, Visual Perception, Pick Disease of the Brain
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