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Epidemiology and risk profile of heart failure
Open accessAbstract
Heart failure (HF) is a major public health issue, with a prevalence of over 5.8 million in the USA, and over 23 million worldwide, and rising. The lifetime risk of developing HF is one in five. Although promising evidence shows that the age-adjusted incidence of HF may have plateaued, HF still carries substantial morbidity and mortality, with 5-year mortality that rival those of many cancers. HF represents a considerable burden to the health-care system, responsible for costs of more than $39 billion annually in the USA alone, and high rates of hospitalizations, readmissions, and outpatient visits. HF is not a single entity, but a clinical syndrome that may have different characteristics depending on age, sex, race or ethnicity, left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) status, and HF etiology. Furthermore, pathophysiological differences are observed among patients diagnosed with HF and reduced LVEF compared with HF and preserved LVEF, which are beginning to be better appreciated in epidemiological studies. A number of risk factors, such as ischemic heart disease, hypertension, smoking, obesity, and diabetes, among others, have been identified that both predict the incidence of HF as well as its severity. In this Review, we discuss key features of the epidemiology and risk profile of HF.
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“Despite advancements in clinical management, MI and ischemic cardiomyopathy are among the leading causes of heart failure, associated morbidity, and death worldwide 3,4 and continue to impose staggering financial burden on healthcare systems 3,5-8 .”
From Targeting the Immune-Fibrosis Axis in Myocardial Infarction and Heart Failure (2022) · cites this paper as [8]
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Stem Cell Therapy: A New Therapeutic Option for Cardiovascular Diseases
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“In the other studies in 2010 and 2011 have been demonstrated that more than 23 million people suffering from HF [Bui et al., 2011].”
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“Heart failure is one of the top causes of death and disability around the world, but there is yet no safe and effective clinical therapy for heart failure (Bui et al., 2011).”
BackgroundProspective evaluation of smartwatch-enabled detection of left ventricular dysfunction
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“CVD is a condition when heart is not functioning properly to pump the required amount of blood to other parts of the body that causes heart failure [3].”
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“1081 Heart failure is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide.(1) Because of a limited proliferative ability,(2) endogenous adult cardiomyocyte (CM) regeneration is inadequate to compensate for the massive loss of functional CMs after myocardial infarction (MI), which contributes significantly to heart fa…”
BackgroundThe Real-World Evidence of Heart Failure: Findings from 41 413 Patients of the ARNO Database
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BackgroundResultTeo, Y. H., Teo, Y. N., Syn, N. L. X., Kow, C. S., Yoong, C. S. Y., Tan, B. Y., Yeo, T., Lee, C., Lin, W., & Sia, C. (2021) · Journal of the American Heart Association · doi:10.1161/jaha.120.019463 · Cited by 141
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BackgroundResultInfluentialMajmudar, M. D., Murthy, V. L., Shah, R. V., Kolli, S., Mousavi, N., Foster, C. R., Hainer, J. M., Blankstein, R., Dorbala, S., Sitek, A., et al. (2015) · European Heart Journal - Cardiovascular Imaging · doi:10.1093/ehjci/jev012 · Cited by 129
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“The prevalence of diabetes and associated heart diseases has been steadily increasing, particularly in Asian countries, with approximately 50% of populations carrying one copy of the mutant ALDH2 gene [4,8-11].”
Retracted
Metadata
- Authors
- Bui, A. L., Horwich, T. B., & Fonarow, G. C.
- Affiliations
- University of California, Los Angeles (US)
- Corresponding author
- Fonarow, Gregg C.
- Venue
- Nature Reviews Cardiology
- Published
- 2010-11-09
- Volume
- 8
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 30-41
- ISSN
- 1759-5002 (ISSN-L)
- 1759-5010
- PMC
- PMC3033496
- OpenAlex
- W1992644002
- Cited by
- 2,077
- References
- 144
- Citations by year
- 2026: 48 · 2025: 91 · 2024: 126 · 2023: 158 · 2022: 173 · 2021: 186 · 2020: 209 · 2019: 169 · 2018: 191 · 2017: 211 · 2016: 174 · 2015: 121 · 2014: 91 · 2013: 60 · 2012: 46
- FWCI
- 6.84
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Nature Reviews Cardiology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- Heart Failure Society of America
- Ahmanson Foundation
- National Institutes of Health (5k23hl085097-04)
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (1K23HL085097, K23 HL085097, T32HL007895)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Heart Failure Treatment and Management
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Cardiovascular Function and Risk Factors
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Cardiac Fibrosis and Remodeling
- Keywords
- heart failure, heart failure epidemiology, heart failure risk factors, heart failure prevalence, heart failure mortality, health care costs, ischemic heart disease, hypertension, smoking, obesity, diabetes mellitus
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Aged, Female, Heart Failure, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Prognosis, Risk Factors, Time Factors, Incidence, Prevalence, Risk Assessment
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