Healthy obese versus unhealthy lean: the obesity paradox
Abstract
Overweight and obesity have reached epidemic proportions in the USA and most of the rest of the world. Particularly concerning is the very high prevalence of class III obesity (BMI ≥40 kg/m(2)), which has reached ∼3% in the USA. In the past few years, controversy has surrounded the idea that some individuals with obesity can be considered healthy with regards to their metabolic and cardiorespiratory fitness, which has been termed the 'obesity paradox'. These controversies are reviewed in detail here, including discussion of the very favourable prognosis in patients with obesity who have no notable metabolic abnormalities and who have preserved fitness. The article also discusses the suggestion that greater emphasis should be placed on improving fitness rather than weight loss per se in the primary and secondary prevention of cardiovascular diseases, at least in patients with overweight and class I obesity (BMI 30-35 kg/m(2)).
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The 'obesity paradox' has been described in a variety of disease processes, including other gynecologic cancers.
“The “obesity paradox”, which suggest a positive association between increasing BMI as it pertains to a specific disease, was firstly reported in heart failure31, but has since been described in a variety of disease processes, including other gynecologic cancers32–34.”
From Gut microbiome diversity is an independent predictor of survival in cervical cancer patients receiving chemoradiation (2021) · cites this paper as [32]
Cites
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin
(2002) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa012512 · Cited by 19,011 · see citing works
Tuomilehto, J., Lindström, J., Eriksson, J. G., Valle, T. T., Hämäläinen, H., Ilanne-Parikka, P., Keinänen-Kiukaanniemi, S., Laakso, M., Louheranta, A., Rastas, M., et al. (2001) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm200105033441801 · Cited by 10,873 · see citing works
Flegal, K. M., Kit, B. K., Orpana, H., & Graubard, B. I. (2013) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.2012.113905 · Cited by 3,998 · see citing works
Kodama, S. (2009) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.2009.681 · Cited by 3,035 · see citing works
Cardiovascular effects of intensive lifestyle intervention in type 2 diabetes
The Look AHEAD Research Group (2013) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa1212914 · Cited by 2,908 · see citing works
Systematic review and meta-analysis
Gillies, A. (2019) · CRC Press eBooks · doi:10.1201/9781315377315-19 · Cited by 2,659 · see citing works
Obesity and Cardiovascular Disease
Lavie, C. J., Milani, R. V., & Ventura, H. O. (2009) · Journal of the American College of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2008.12.068 · Cited by 2,326 · see citing works
Self-citationBlair, S. N. (1996) · JAMA: The Journal of the American Medical Association · doi:10.1001/jama.1996.03540030039029 · Cited by 1,819 · see citing works
Romero-Corral, A., Montori, V. M., Somers, V. K., Korinek, J., Thomas, R. J., Allison, T. G., Mookadam, F., & Lopez-Jimenez, F. (2006) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(06)69251-9 · Cited by 1,652 · see citing works
Church, T. S., Thomas, D. M., Tudor-Locke, C., Katzmarzyk, P. T., Earnest, C. P., Rodarte, R. Q., Martin, C. K., Blair, S. N., & Bouchard, C. (2011) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0019657 · Cited by 1,294 · see citing works
Overview of Epidemiology and Contribution of Obesity to Cardiovascular Disease
Bastien, M., Poirier, P., Lemieux, I., & Després, J.-P. (2014) · Progress in Cardiovascular Diseases · doi:10.1016/j.pcad.2013.10.016 · Cited by 1,125 · see citing works
Are Metabolically Healthy Overweight and Obesity Benign Conditions?
Kramer, C. K., Zinman, B., & Retnakaran, R. R. (2013) · Annals of Internal Medicine · doi:10.7326/0003-4819-159-11-201312030-00008 · Cited by 958 · see citing works
The role of exercise and physical activity in weight loss and maintenance
Swift, D. L., Johannsen, N. M., Lavie, C. J., Earnest, C. P., & Church, T. S. (2014) · Progress in Cardiovascular Diseases · doi:10.1016/j.pcad.2013.09.012 · Cited by 855 · see citing works
Self-citationBody mass index and mortality in heart failure: a meta-analysis
Oreopoulos, A., Padwal, R., Kalantar-Zadeh, K., Fonarow, G. C., Norris, C. M., & McAlister, F. A. (2008) · American Heart Journal · doi:10.1016/j.ahj.2008.02.014 · Cited by 829 · see citing works
Increases in morbid obesity in the USA: 2000–2005
Sturm, R. (2007) · Public Health · doi:10.1016/j.puhe.2007.01.006 · Cited by 726 · see citing works
Anker, S. D., Negassa, A., Coats, A. J. S., Afzal, R., Poole-Wilson, P. A., Cohn, J. N., & Yusuf, S. (2003) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(03)12892-9 · Cited by 725 · see citing works
Fitness vs. Fatness on All-Cause Mortality: A Meta-Analysis
Barry, V., Baruth, M., Beets, M. W., Durstine, J. L., Liu, J., & Blair, S. N. (2013) · Progress in Cardiovascular Diseases · doi:10.1016/j.pcad.2013.09.002 · Cited by 673 · see citing works
Obesity and Cardiovascular Diseases
Lavie, C. J., McAuley, P. A., Church, T. S., Milani, R. V., & Blair, S. N. (2014) · Journal of the American College of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2014.01.022 · Cited by 663 · see citing works
Self-citationFulster, S., Tacke, M., Sandek, A., Ebner, N., Tschope, C., Doehner, W., Anker, S. D., & von Haehling, S. (2013) · European Heart Journal · doi:10.1093/eurheartj/ehs381 · Cited by 658 · see citing works
Normal-Weight Central Obesity: Implications for Total and Cardiovascular Mortality
Sahakyan, K., Somers, V. K., Rodríguez-Escudero, J. P., Hodge, D. O., Carter, R. E., Sochor, O., Coutinho, T. A., Jensen, M. D., Roger, V. L., Singh, P., et al. (2015) · Annals of Internal Medicine · doi:10.7326/m14-2525 · Cited by 632 · see citing works
Impact of Obesity and the Obesity Paradox on Prevalence and Prognosis in Heart Failure
Lavie, C. J., Alpert, M., Arena, R. A., Mehra, M. R., Milani, R. V., & Ventura, H. O. (2013) · JACC Heart Failure · doi:10.1016/j.jchf.2013.01.006 · Cited by 617 · see citing works
Self-citationBody weight and longevity. A reassessment
Manson, J. E. (1987) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.257.3.353 · Cited by 600 · see citing works
Mullen, J. T., Moorman, D. W., & Davenport, D. L. (2009) · Annals of Surgery · doi:10.1097/sla.0b013e3181ad8935 · Cited by 596 · see citing works
Lee, D.-C., Sui, X., Artero, E. G., Lee, I.-M., Church, T. S., McAuley, P. A., Stanford, F. C., Kohl, H. W., & Blair, S. N. (2011) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/circulationaha.111.038422 · Cited by 572 · see citing works
Metabolically Healthy Obesity and Risk of All-Cause and Cardiovascular Disease Mortality
Hamer, M., & Stamatakis, E. A. (2012) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jc.2011-3475 · Cited by 565 · see citing works
Increases in Clinically Severe Obesity in the United States, 1986-2000
Sturm, R. (2003) · Archives of Internal Medicine · doi:10.1001/archinte.163.18.2146 · Cited by 542 · see citing works
Increased food energy supply is more than sufficient to explain the US epidemic of obesity
Swinburn, B., Sacks, G., & Ravussin, E. (2009) · The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.3945/ajcn.2009.28595 · Cited by 526 · see citing works
Body composition and prognosis in chronic systolic heart failure: the obesity paradox
Lavie, C. J., Osman, A. F., Milani, R. V., & Mehra, M. R. (2003) · The American Journal of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/s0002-9149(03)00031-6 · Cited by 486 · see citing works
Self-citationOrtega, F. B., Lee, D.-C., Katzmarzyk, P. T., Ruiz, J. R., Sui, X., Church, T. S., & Blair, S. N. (2012) · European Heart Journal · doi:10.1093/eurheartj/ehs174 · Cited by 471 · see citing works
Effects of Muscular Strength on Cardiovascular Risk Factors and Prognosis
Artero, E. G., Lee, D.-C., Lavie, C. J., España‐Romero, V., Sui, X., Church, T. S., & Blair, S. N. (2012) · Journal of Cardiopulmonary Rehabilitation and Prevention · doi:10.1097/hcr.0b013e3182642688 · Cited by 447 · see citing works
Self-citationChurch, T. S., LaMonte, M. J., Barlow, C. E., & Blair, S. N. (2005) · Archives of Internal Medicine · doi:10.1001/archinte.165.18.2114 · Cited by 445 · see citing works
Central Obesity and Survival in Subjects With Coronary Artery Disease
Coutinho, T. A., Goel, K., de Sa, D. C., Kragelund, C., Kanaya, A. M., Zeller, M., Park, J., Køber, L., Torp-Pedersen, C. T., Cottin, Y., et al. (2011) · Journal of the American College of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2010.11.058 · Cited by 408 · see citing works
Manson, J. E. (1987) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.1987.03390030083026 · Cited by 404 · see citing works
Obesity Paradox in End-Stage Kidney Disease Patients
Park, J., Ahmadi, S., Streja, E., Molnar, M. Z., Flegal, K. M., Gillen, D. L., Kovesdy, C. P., & Kalantar‐Zadeh, K. (2013) · Progress in Cardiovascular Diseases · doi:10.1016/j.pcad.2013.10.005 · Cited by 383 · see citing works
The Importance of Cardiorespiratory Fitness in the United States: The Need for a National Registry
Kaminsky, L. A., Arena, R. A., Beckie, T. M., Brubaker, P. H., Church, T. S., Forman, D. E., Franklin, B. A., Gulati, M., Lavie, C. J., MYERS, J. N., et al. (2013) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/cir.0b013e31827ee100 · Cited by 364 · see citing works
Self-citationObesity and the Obesity Paradox in Heart Failure
Clark, A. L., Fonarow, G. C., & Horwich, T. B. (2013) · Progress in Cardiovascular Diseases · doi:10.1016/j.pcad.2013.10.004 · Cited by 348 · see citing works
Prevalence, Metabolic Features, and Prognosis of Metabolically Healthy Obese Italian Individuals
Calori, G., Lattuada, G., Piemonti, L., Garancini, M. P., Ragogna, F., Villa, M., Mannino, S., Crosignani, P., Bosi, E., Luzi, L., et al. (2010) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc10-0665 · Cited by 344 · see citing works
Coutinho, T. A., Goel, K., de Sa, D. C., Carter, R. E., Hodge, D. O., Kragelund, C., Kanaya, A. M., Zeller, M., Park, J., Køber, L., et al. (2013) · Journal of the American College of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2012.10.035 · Cited by 339 · see citing works
Physical Activity Promotion in the Health Care System
VUORI, I. M., Lavie, C. J., & Blair, S. N. (2013) · Mayo Clinic Proceedings · doi:10.1016/j.mayocp.2013.08.020 · Cited by 325 · see citing works
Self-citationMasters, R. K., Reither, E. N., Powers, D. A., Yang, Y., Burger, A. E., & Link, B. G. (2013) · American Journal of Public Health · doi:10.2105/ajph.2013.301379 · Cited by 309 · see citing works
Body Composition and Survival in Stable Coronary Heart Disease
Lavie, C. J., Schutter, A. D., Patel, D. A., Romero‐Corral, A., Artham, S. M., & Milani, R. V. (2012) · Journal of the American College of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2012.05.037 · Cited by 297 · see citing works
Self-citationChanges in Fitness and Fatness on the Development of Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors
Lee, D.-C., Sui, X., Church, T. S., Lavie, C. J., Jackson, A. S., & Blair, S. N. (2012) · Journal of the American College of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2011.11.013 · Cited by 285 · see citing works
Self-citationThe Obesity Paradox, Cardiorespiratory Fitness, and Coronary Heart Disease
McAuley, P. A., Artero, E. G., Sui, X., Lee, D.-C., Church, T. S., Lavie, C. J., MYERS, J. N., España‐Romero, V., & Blair, S. N. (2012) · Mayo Clinic Proceedings · doi:10.1016/j.mayocp.2012.01.013 · Cited by 280 · see citing works
Self-citationFan, J., Song, Y., Chen, Y., Hui, R., & Zhang, W. (2013) · International Journal of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/j.ijcard.2013.07.230 · Cited by 267 · see citing works
Impact of Obesity and Weight Loss on Cardiac Performance and Morphology in Adults
Alpert, M., Omran, J., Mehra, A., & Ardhanari, S. (2013) · Progress in Cardiovascular Diseases · doi:10.1016/j.pcad.2013.09.003 · Cited by 243 · see citing works
The obesity paradox, weight loss, and coronary disease
Lavie, C. J., Milani, R. V., Artham, S. M., Patel, D. A., & Ventura, H. O. (2009) · The American Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.amjmed.2009.06.006 · Cited by 237 · see citing works
Self-citationCardiorespiratory Fitness and Classification of Risk of Cardiovascular Disease Mortality
Gupta, S. K., Rohatgi, A. K., Ayers, C. R., Willis, B. L., Haskell, W. L., Khera, A., Drazner, M. H., de Lemos, J. A., & Berry, J. D. (2011) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/circulationaha.110.003236 · Cited by 236 · see citing works
Allison, D., Zannolli, R., Faith, M., Heo, M., Pietrobelli, A., Vanltallie, T., Pi-Sunyer, F., & Heymsfield, S. (1999) · International Journal of Obesity · doi:10.1038/sj.ijo.0800875 · Cited by 236 · see citing works
A Prospective Study of Muscular Strength and All-Cause Mortality in Men With Hypertension
Artero, E. G., Lee, D.-C., Ruiz, J. R., Sui, X., Ortega, F. B., Church, T. S., Lavie, C. J., Castillo, M. J., & Blair, S. N. (2011) · Journal of the American College of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2010.12.025 · Cited by 236 · see citing works
Self-citationRisk of Myocardial Infarction and Heart Failure Among Metabolically Healthy But Obese Individuals
Mørkedal, B., VATTEN, L. J., Romundstad, P., Laugsand, L. E., & Janszky, I. (2013) · Journal of the American College of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2013.11.035 · Cited by 234 · see citing works
Voulgari, C., Tentolouris, N., Dilaveris, P., Tousoulis, D., Katsilambros, N. L., & Stefanadis, C. (2011) · Journal of the American College of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2011.04.047 · Cited by 231 · see citing works
Impact of Cardiorespiratory Fitness on the Obesity Paradox in Patients With Heart Failure
Lavie, C. J., Cahalin, L. P., Chase, P. J., MYERS, J. N., Bensimhon, D., Peberdy, M. A., Ashley, E. A., West, E., Forman, D. E., Guazzi, M., et al. (2013) · Mayo Clinic Proceedings · doi:10.1016/j.mayocp.2012.11.020 · Cited by 227 · see citing works
Self-citationWeight Loss Strategies for Treatment of Obesity
Kushner, R. F. (2013) · Progress in Cardiovascular Diseases · doi:10.1016/j.pcad.2013.09.005 · Cited by 218 · see citing works
Schutter, A. D., Lavie, C. J., & Milani, R. V. (2013) · Progress in Cardiovascular Diseases · doi:10.1016/j.pcad.2013.08.003 · Cited by 202 · see citing works
Self-citationRelation Between Volume of Exercise and Clinical Outcomes in Patients With Heart Failure
Keteyian, S. J., Leifer, E., Miller, N. H., Kraus, W. E., Brawner, C. A., O’Connor, C. M., Whellan, D. J., Cooper, L. S., Fleg, J. L., Kitzman, D. W., et al. (2012) · Journal of the American College of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2012.08.958 · Cited by 201 · see citing works
Pocock, S., McMurray, J. J. V., Dobson, J., Yusuf, S., Granger, C. B., Michelson, E. L., Östergren, J., Pfeffer, M. A., Solomon, S. D., Anker, S. D., et al. (2008) · European Heart Journal · doi:10.1093/eurheartj/ehn420 · Cited by 194 · see citing works
Beasley, J. W. (1987) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.1987.03390140065010 · Cited by 190 · see citing works
45-Year Trends in Women’s Use of Time and Household Management Energy Expenditure
Archer, E., Shook, R. P., Thomas, D. M., Church, T. S., Katzmarzyk, P. T., Hébert, J. R., McIver, K. L., Hand, G. A., Lavie, C. J., & Blair, S. N. (2013) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0056620 · Cited by 181 · see citing works
Self-citationThe Obesity Paradox in Men Versus Women With Systolic Heart Failure
Clark, A. L., Chyu, J., & Horwich, T. B. (2012) · The American Journal of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/j.amjcard.2012.02.050 · Cited by 170 · see citing works
Body Composition and Coronary Heart Disease Mortality—An Obesity or a Lean Paradox?
Lavie, C. J., Schutter, A. D., Patel, D. A., Artham, S. M., & Milani, R. V. (2011) · Mayo Clinic Proceedings · doi:10.4065/mcp.2011.0092 · Cited by 149 · see citing works
Self-citationIncident Cardiovascular Disease Events in Metabolically Benign Obese Individuals
Ogorodnikova, A. D., Kim, M., McGinn, A. P., Muntner, P., Khan, U. I., & Wildman, R. P. (2011) · Obesity · doi:10.1038/oby.2011.243 · Cited by 146 · see citing works
Contribution of Cardiorespiratory Fitness to the Obesity Paradox
McAuley, P. A., & Beavers, K. M. (2014) · Progress in Cardiovascular Diseases · doi:10.1016/j.pcad.2013.09.006 · Cited by 127 · see citing works
Sierra-Johnson, J., Romero-Corral, A., Somers, V. K., Lopez-Jimenez, F., Thomas, R. J., Squires, R. W., & Allison, T. G. (2008) · European Journal of Cardiovascular Prevention & Rehabilitation · doi:10.1097/hjr.0b013e3282f48348 · Cited by 122 · see citing works
Extra Calories Cause Weight Gain—But How Much?
Katan, M. (2010) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.2009.1912 · Cited by 120 · see citing works
Eilat-Adar, S. (2005) · American Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.1093/aje/kwi045 · Cited by 109 · see citing works
Lyerly, G. W., Sui, X., Lavie, C. J., Church, T. S., Hand, G. A., & Blair, S. N. (2009) · Mayo Clinic Proceedings · doi:10.4065/84.9.780 · Cited by 93 · see citing works
Self-citationDulloo, A. G., & Jacquet, J. (1999) · British Journal Of Nutrition · doi:10.1017/s0007114599001580 · Cited by 89 · see citing works
Obesity Paradox: Does Fat Alter Outcomes in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease?
Chittal, P., Babu, A. S., & Lavie, C. J. (2014) · COPD Journal of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease · doi:10.3109/15412555.2014.915934 · Cited by 71 · see citing works
Self-citationPotential Benefits of Weight Loss in Coronary Heart Disease
Ades, P. A., & Savage, P. D. (2013) · Progress in Cardiovascular Diseases · doi:10.1016/j.pcad.2013.09.009 · Cited by 67 · see citing works
Low Weight and Overweightness in Older Adults: Risk and Clinical Management
Jahangir, E., Schutter, A. D., & Lavie, C. J. (2014) · Progress in Cardiovascular Diseases · doi:10.1016/j.pcad.2014.01.001 · Cited by 66 · see citing works
Self-citationObesity Paradox, Cachexia, Frailty, and Heart Failure
Lavie, C. J., Schutter, A. D., Alpert, M., Mehra, M. R., Milani, R. V., & Ventura, H. O. (2014) · Heart Failure Clinics · doi:10.1016/j.hfc.2013.12.002 · Cited by 65 · see citing works
Self-citationMaternal Inactivity: 45-Year Trends in Mothers’ Use of Time
Archer, E., Lavie, C. J., McDonald, S. M., Thomas, D. M., Hébert, J. R., Ross, S. E. T., McIver, K. L., Malina, R. M., & Blair, S. N. (2013) · Mayo Clinic Proceedings · doi:10.1016/j.mayocp.2013.09.009 · Cited by 62 · see citing works
Self-citationSchutter, A. D., Lavie, C. J., Patel, D. A., & Milani, R. V. (2013) · Current Opinion in Clinical Nutrition & Metabolic Care · doi:10.1097/mco.0b013e328363bcca · Cited by 49 · see citing works
Self-citationJohannsen, N. M., Swift, D. L., Lavie, C. J., Earnest, C. P., Blair, S. N., & Church, T. S. (2013) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc12-2194 · Cited by 43 · see citing works
Self-citationPhysically Active Lifestyle Does Not Decrease the Risk of Fattening
Westerterp, K. R., & Plasqui, G. (2009) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0004745 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
Sénéchal, M., Swift, D. L., Johannsen, N. M., Blair, S. N., Earnest, C. P., Lavie, C. J., & Church, T. S. (2013) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc12-2428 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
Self-citationFormal Cardiac Rehabilitation and Exercise Training Programs in Heart Failure
Lavie, C. J., Berra, K. A., & Arena, R. A. (2013) · Journal of Cardiopulmonary Rehabilitation and Prevention · doi:10.1097/hcr.0b013e31829f95c9 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
Self-citationZavin, A., Daniels, K. M., Arena, R. A., Allsup, K., Lazzari, A. A., Joseph, J., Schulze, P. C., Lecker, S. H., & Forman, D. E. (2012) · International Journal of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/j.ijcard.2012.06.007 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
Does fitness completely explain the obesity paradox?
Lavie, C. J., Schutter, A. D., Patel, D. A., & Milani, R. V. (2013) · American Heart Journal · doi:10.1016/j.ahj.2013.03.026 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Self-citationDisparate Effects of Metabolically Healthy Obesity in Coronary Heart Disease and Heart Failure
Lavie, C. J., Milani, R. V., & Ventura, H. O. (2013) · Journal of the American College of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2013.10.080 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Self-citationAktaş, M. K., Zaręba, W., Huang, D. T.-C., McNitt, S. A., Polonsky, S., Chen, L., Stockburger, M. A., Merkely, B. P., Moss, A. J., & Kutyifa, V. (2013) · Journal of Cardiac Failure · doi:10.1016/j.cardfail.2013.12.012 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Clinical Implications of Weight Loss in Heart Failure
Lavie, C. J., & Ventura, H. O. (2014) · Journal of Cardiac Failure · doi:10.1016/j.cardfail.2014.01.002 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Self-citation
Flagged first, then by citations
1 of the 83 references couldn’t be matched to a known paper.
Cited by
Sorted by citations
The metabolic phenotype in obesity: Fat mass, body fat distribution, and adipose tissue function
Goossens, G. H. (2017) · Obesity Facts · doi:10.1159/000471488 · Cited by 8,481 · see citing works
Obesity Phenotypes, Diabetes, and Cardiovascular Diseases
Piché, M., Tchernof, A., & Després, J. (2020) · Circulation Research · doi:10.1161/circresaha.120.316101 · Cited by 2,046 · see citing works
Obesity and Cardiovascular Disease
Ortega, F. B., Lavie, C. J., & Blair, S. N. (2016) · Circulation Research · doi:10.1161/circresaha.115.306883 · Cited by 1,211 · see citing works
Self-citationBray, G. A., Frühbeck, G., Ryan, D. H., & Wilding, J. P. H. (2016) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(16)00271-3 · Cited by 1,036 · see citing works
Obesity and cardiovascular disease: revisiting an old relationship
Koliaki, C. C., Liatis, S., & Kokkinos, A. D. (2018) · Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.metabol.2018.10.011 · Cited by 733 · see citing works
An Overview and Update on Obesity and the Obesity Paradox in Cardiovascular Diseases
Elagizi, A., Kachur, S. M., Lavie, C. J., Carbone, S., Pandey, A., Ortega, F. B., & Milani, R. V. (2018) · Progress in Cardiovascular Diseases · doi:10.1016/j.pcad.2018.07.003 · Cited by 700 · see citing works
Self-citationFuster, J. J., Ouchi, N., Gokce, N., & Walsh, K. X. (2016) · Circulation Research · doi:10.1161/circresaha.115.306885 · Cited by 669 · see citing works
Eckel, N., Li, Y., Kuxhaus, O., Stefan, N., Hu, F. B., & Schulze, M. B. (2018) · The Lancet Diabetes & Endocrinology · doi:10.1016/s2213-8587(18)30137-2 · Cited by 457 · see citing works
Obesity and Prevalence of Cardiovascular Diseases and Prognosis—The Obesity Paradox Updated
Lavie, C. J., Schutter, A. D., Parto, P., Jahangir, E., Kokkinos, P. F., Ortega, F. B., Arena, R. A., & Milani, R. V. (2016) · Progress in Cardiovascular Diseases · doi:10.1016/j.pcad.2016.01.008 · Cited by 480 · see citing works
Self-citationHealthy Weight and Obesity Prevention
Lavie, C. J., Laddu, D., Arena, R. A., Ortega, F. B., Alpert, M., & Kushner, R. F. (2018) · Journal of the American College of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2018.08.1037 · Cited by 464 · see citing works
Self-citationObesity and the risk of cardiometabolic diseases
Valenzuela, P. L., Carrera-Bastos, P., Castillo-García, A., Lieberman, D. E., Santos-Lozano, A., & Lucia, A. (2023) · Nature Reviews Cardiology · doi:10.1038/s41569-023-00847-5 · Cited by 452 · see citing works
Obesity and loss of disease-free years owing to major non-communicable diseases: a multicohort study
Nyberg, S. T., Batty, G. D., Pentti, J., Virtanen, M., Alfredsson, L. S., Fransson, E. I., Goldberg, M., Heikkilä, K., Jokela, M. M., Knutsson, A., et al. (2018) · The Lancet Public Health · doi:10.1016/s2468-2667(18)30139-7 · Cited by 393 · see citing works
Tomiyama, A. J., Hunger, J. M., Nguyen-Cuu, J., & Wells, C. (2016) · International Journal of Obesity · doi:10.1038/ijo.2016.17 · Cited by 349 · see citing works
Leggio, M., Lombardi, M., Caldarone, E., Severi, P., D’Emidio, S., Armeni, M., Bravi, V., Bendini, M. G., & Mazza, A. (2017) · Hypertension Research · doi:10.1038/hr.2017.75 · Cited by 313 · see citing works
Obesity and Heart Failure: Focus on the Obesity Paradox
Carbone, S., Lavie, C. J., & Arena, R. A. (2017) · Mayo Clinic Proceedings · doi:10.1016/j.mayocp.2016.11.001 · Cited by 292 · see citing works
Self-citationAntonopoulos, A. S., Oikonomou, E. K., Antoniades, C. A., & Tousoulis, D. (2016) · Obesity Reviews · doi:10.1111/obr.12440 · Cited by 233 · see citing works
Albuquerque, D., Stice, E. M., Rodríguez‐López, R., Manco, L., & Nóbrega, C. (2015) · Molecular Genetics and Genomics · doi:10.1007/s00438-015-1015-9 · Cited by 223 · see citing works
Management of cardiovascular diseases in patients with obesity
Lavie, C. J., Arena, R., Alpert, M. A., Milani, R. V., & Ventura, H. O. (2018) · Nature Reviews Cardiology · doi:10.1038/nrcardio.2017.108 · Cited by 218 · see citing works
Self-citationZheng, R., Zhou, D., & Zhu, Y. (2016) · Journal of Epidemiology & Community Health · doi:10.1136/jech-2015-206948 · Cited by 204 · see citing works
Obesity and cardiovascular disease: friend or foe?
Kim, S. H., Després, J., & Koh, K. K. (2015) · European Heart Journal · doi:10.1093/eurheartj/ehv509 · Cited by 201 · see citing works
Contribution of macronutrients to obesity: implications for precision nutrition
San-Cristóbal, R., Navas‐Carretero, S., Martínez‐González, M. Á., Ordovás, J. M., & Martínez, J. A. (2020) · Nature Reviews Endocrinology · doi:10.1038/s41574-020-0346-8 · Cited by 201 · see citing works
Park, D., Lee, J.-H., & Han, S. W. (2017) · Medicine · doi:10.1097/md.0000000000008769 · Cited by 138 · see citing works
Sims, T. T., El Alam, M. B., Karpinets, T. V., Dorta-Estremera, S., Hegde, V. L., Nookala, S., Yoshida-Court, K., Wu, X., Biegert, G. W. G., Delgado Medrano, A. Y., et al. (2021) · Communications Biology · doi:10.1038/s42003-021-01741-x · Cited by 135 · see citing works
Libert, D. M., Nowacki, A. S., & Natowicz, M. R. (2018) · PeerJ · doi:10.7717/peerj.5410 · Cited by 135 · see citing works
Lang, J. J., Tremblay, M. S., Léger, L., Olds, T., & Tomkinson, G. R. (2018) · British Journal of Sports Medicine · doi:10.1136/bjsports-2016-096224 · Cited by 131 · see citing works
Polychlorinated biphenyls and links to cardiovascular disease
Perkins, J. T., Petriello, M. C., Newsome, B. J., & Hennig, B. (2015) · Environmental Science and Pollution Research · doi:10.1007/s11356-015-4479-6 · Cited by 132 · see citing works
Islam, M. A., Khandker, S. S., Kotyla, P. J., & Hassan, R. (2020) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2020.01477 · Cited by 131 · see citing works
Obesity Paradox in Lung Cancer Prognosis: Evolving Biological Insights and Clinical Implications
Zhang, X., Liu, Y., Shao, H., & Zheng, X. (2017) · Journal of Thoracic Oncology · doi:10.1016/j.jtho.2017.07.022 · Cited by 115 · see citing works
Adipose tissue inflammation in aging
Mau, T., & Yung, R. (2018) · Experimental Gerontology · doi:10.1016/j.exger.2017.10.014 · Cited by 110 · see citing works
The Impact of Body Mass Index on the Surgical Outcomes of Patients With Gastric Cancer
Chen, H., Chen, X., Zhang, W., Yang, K., Chen, X., Zhang, B., Chen, Z., Chen, J.-P., Zhou, Z., & Hu, J. (2015) · Medicine · doi:10.1097/md.0000000000001769 · Cited by 107 · see citing works
It’s more than low BMI: prevalence of cachexia and associated mortality in COPD
McDonald, M., Wouters, E. F. �., Rutten, E. P. A., Casaburi, R. H., Rennard, S. I., Lomas, D. A., Bamman, M. M., Celli, B. R., Agustí, A. G. N., Tal‐Singer, R., et al. (2019) · Respiratory Research · doi:10.1186/s12931-019-1073-3 · Cited by 107 · see citing works
Virtue, A. T., Johnson, C., Lopez‐Pastrana, J., Shao, Y., Fu, H., Li, X., Li, Y., Yin, Y., Mai, J., Rizzo, V., et al. (2016) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.m116.739839 · Cited by 101 · see citing works
Lopez, E. F., Kabarowski, J. H. S., Ingle, K. A., Kain, V., Barnes, S., Crossman, D. K., Lindsey, M. L., & Halade, G. V. (2014) · American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology · doi:10.1152/ajpheart.00604.2014 · Cited by 88 · see citing works
Role of Fitness in the Metabolically Healthy but Obese Phenotype: A Review and Update
Ortega, F. B., Cadenas‐Sánchez, C., Sui, X., Blair, S. N., & Lavie, C. J. (2015) · Progress in Cardiovascular Diseases · doi:10.1016/j.pcad.2015.05.001 · Cited by 88 · see citing works
Self-citationLinks Between the Circadian Rhythm, Obesity and the Microbiome
RÁCZ, B., Dušková, M., Stárka, L., Hainer, V., & Kunešová, M. (2018) · Physiological Research · doi:10.33549/physiolres.934020 · Cited by 89 · see citing works
Gut microbiota composition may relate to weight loss rate in obese pet dogs
Kieler, I. N., Kamal, S. S., Vitger, A. D., Nielsen, D. S., Lauridsen, C., & Bjørnvad, C. R. (2017) · Veterinary Medicine and Science · doi:10.1002/vms3.80 · Cited by 83 · see citing works
Overweight, Obesity, and CVD Risk: a Focus on Visceral/Ectopic Fat
Chartrand, D. J., Murphy-Després, A., Alméras, N., Lemieux, I., Larose, É., & Després, J. (2022) · Current Atherosclerosis Reports · doi:10.1007/s11883-022-00996-x · Cited by 84 · see citing works
Visaria, A., & Setoguchi, S. (2023) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0287218 · Cited by 89 · see citing works
Obesity, Cardiorespiratory Fitness, and Cardiovascular Disease
Haidar, A., & Horwich, T. B. (2023) · Current Cardiology Reports · doi:10.1007/s11886-023-01975-7 · Cited by 80 · see citing works
Zhang, J., Xu, L., Li, J., Sun, L., Qin, W., Ding, G., Wang, Q., Zhu, J., Yu, Z., Xie, S., et al. (2019) · BMC Public Health · doi:10.1186/s12889-019-7351-7 · Cited by 76 · see citing works
Obesity and CardiovascularDiseases
Parto, P., & Lavie, C. J. (2017) · Current Problems in Cardiology · doi:10.1016/j.cpcardiol.2017.04.004 · Cited by 70 · see citing works
Self-citationCho, Y. K., Kang, Y. M., Yoo, J. H., Lee, J., Park, J., Lee, W. J., Kim, Y., & Jung, C. H. (2019) · Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.metabol.2019.05.002 · Cited by 68 · see citing works
Excess weight and life expectancy after acute myocardial infarction: The obesity paradox reexamined
Bucholz, E. M., Beckman, A. L., Krumholz, H. A., & Krumholz, H. M. (2015) · American Heart Journal · doi:10.1016/j.ahj.2015.10.024 · Cited by 68 · see citing works
Bucholz, E. M., Krumholz, H. A., & Krumholz, H. M. (2016) · PLoS Medicine · doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.1001998 · Cited by 66 · see citing works
Testosterone a key factor in gender related metabolic syndrome
Bianchi, V. E., & Locatelli, V. (2018) · Obesity Reviews · doi:10.1111/obr.12633 · Cited by 61 · see citing works
Agius, R., Pace, N. P., & Fava, S. (2023) · Diabetes/Metabolism Research and Reviews · doi:10.1002/dmrr.3725 · Cited by 62 · see citing works
Association Between Obesity and Migraine in Women
Pavlovic, J. M., Vieira, J. R., Lipton, R. B., & Bond, D. S. (2017) · Current Pain and Headache Reports · doi:10.1007/s11916-017-0634-8 · Cited by 59 · see citing works
Reprint of: Healthy Weight and Obesity Prevention
Lavie, C. J., Laddu, D., Arena, R. A., Ortega, F. B., Alpert, M., & Kushner, R. F. (2018) · Journal of the American College of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2018.10.024 · Cited by 58 · see citing works
Self-citationHofmann, B. (2015) · Health Care Analysis · doi:10.1007/s10728-015-0291-1 · Cited by 59 · see citing works
Pellegrinelli, V., Rodríguez‐Cuenca, S., Rouault, C., Figueroa‐Juárez, E., Schilbert, H. M., Virtue, S., Moreno‐Navarrete, J. M., Bidault, G., Vazquez-Borrego, M. C., Dias, A. R., et al. (2022) · Nature Metabolism · doi:10.1038/s42255-022-00561-5 · Cited by 56 · see citing works
The Adipokine-Cardiovascular-Lifestyle Network
Mechanick, J. I., Zhao, S., & Garvey, W. T. (2016) · Journal of the American College of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2016.06.072 · Cited by 55 · see citing works
Liu, X., Guo, L., Xiao, K., Zhu, W., Liu, M., Wan, R., & Hong, K. (2019) · Obesity Reviews · doi:10.1111/obr.12970 · Cited by 56 · see citing works
Lo, K. K.-H., Huang, Y., Shen, G., Huang, J.-Y., Liu, L., Yu, Y., Chen, C., & Feng, Y. (2020) · Postgraduate Medical Journal · doi:10.1136/postgradmedj-2020-137542 · Cited by 55 · see citing works
An Energy-Independent Pro-longevity Function of Triacylglycerol in Yeast
Handee, W., Li, X., Hall, K. W., Deng, X., Li, P., Christoph Benning, A., Williams, B. L., & Kuo, M. (2016) · PLoS Genetics · doi:10.1371/journal.pgen.1005878 · Cited by 52 · see citing works
Effects of obesity on cholesterol metabolism and its implications for healthy ageing
Auley, M. T. M. (2020) · Nutrition Research Reviews · doi:10.1017/s0954422419000258 · Cited by 52 · see citing works
Conicity-index predicts all-cause mortality in Chinese older people: a 10-year community follow-up
Zhang, A., Li, Y., Ma, S., Bao, Q., Sun, J., Cai, S., Li, M., Su, Y., Cheng, B., Dong, J., et al. (2022) · BMC Geriatrics · doi:10.1186/s12877-022-03664-6 · Cited by 50 · see citing works
Adipose tissue macrophage dysfunction is associated with a breach of vascular integrity in NASH
Boesch, M., Lindhorst, A., Feio‐Azevedo, R., Brescia, P., Silvestri, A., Lannoo, M., Deleus, E., Jaekers, J., Topal, H., Topal, B., et al. (2023) · Journal of Hepatology · doi:10.1016/j.jhep.2023.10.039 · Cited by 48 · see citing works
“The obesity paradox” in disease – is the protective effect of obesity true?
Kaegi-Braun, N., Gomes, F., & Schüetz, P. (2015) · Swiss Medical Weekly · doi:10.4414/smw.2015.14265 · Cited by 51 · see citing works
Wu, T. D., Ejike, C. O., Wise, R. A., McCormack, M. C., & Brigham, E. P. (2019) · American Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.1093/aje/kwz185 · Cited by 47 · see citing works
Jessri, M., Lou, W. Y. W., & L’Abbé, M. R. (2016) · American Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.3945/ajcn.116.132647 · Cited by 46 · see citing works
Photoacoustic microscopy of obesity-induced cerebrovascular alterations
Cao, R., Li, J., Zhang, C., Zuo, Z., & Hu, S. (2018) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2018.12.027 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
Fitness, Fatness, and Mortality: The FIT (Henry Ford Exercise Testing) Project
McAuley, P. A., Blaha, M. J., Keteyian, S. J., Brawner, C. A., Al Rifai, M., Dardari, Z. A., Ehrman, J. K., & Al-Mallah, M. H. (2016) · The American Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.amjmed.2016.04.007 · Cited by 41 · see citing works
Yerrakalva, D., Mullis, R., & Mant, J. (2015) · Obesity · doi:10.1002/oby.21181 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
Zhang, C., Wu, W., Li, X., Xin, X., & Liu, D. (2019) · Molecular Nutrition & Food Research · doi:10.1002/mnfr.201900248 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
Pandey, A., Patel, K. V., & Lavie, C. J. (2018) · Mayo Clinic Proceedings · doi:10.1016/j.mayocp.2018.04.015 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
Self-citationCardiometabolic Disease Leading to Heart Failure: Better Fat and Fit Than Lean and Lazy
Pandey, A., Berry, J. D., & Lavie, C. J. (2015) · Current Heart Failure Reports · doi:10.1007/s11897-015-0265-5 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
Self-citationCho, G. J., Yoo, H. J., Hwang, S. Y., Choi, J. H., Lee, K., Choi, K. M., Baik, S. H., Han, S. W., & Kim, T. (2018) · BMC Medicine · doi:10.1186/s12916-018-1114-7 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
Huang, K., Liu, F., Han, X., Huang, C., Huang, J., Gu, D., & Yang, X. (2016) · Atherosclerosis · doi:10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2016.08.042 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
Obesity, Heart Failure, and Obesity Paradox.
Hamzeh, N., Ghadimi, F., Farzaneh, R., & Hosseini, S. K. (2017) · PubMed Central · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Nutritional interventions for optimizing healthy body composition in older adults in the community
Schultz, T., Roupas, P., Wiechula, R., Krause, D., Gravier, S., Tuckett, A. G., Hines, S. J., & Kitson, A. A. (2016) · The JBI Database of Systematic Reviews and Implementation Reports · doi:10.11124/jbisrir-2016-003063 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
High-intensity interval training improves obstructive sleep apnoea
Karlsen, T., Nes, B. M., Tjønna, A. E., Engstrøm, M., Støylen, A., & Steinshamn, S. (2017) · BMJ Open Sport & Exercise Medicine · doi:10.1136/bmjsem-2016-000155 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Tanaka, T., Kishi, S., Ninomiya, K., Tomii, D., Koseki, K., Sato, Y., Okuno, T., Sato, K., Koike, H., Yahagi, K., et al. (2019) · Atherosclerosis · doi:10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2019.06.910 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Blood and Brain Metabolites after Cerebral Ischemia
Baranovičová, E., Kalenská, D., Kaplán, P., Kovalská, M., Tatarková, Z., & Lehotský, J. (2023) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms242417302 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
Dirinck, E. L., Dirtu, A. C., Jorens, P. G., Malarvannan, G., Covaci, A., & Gaal, L. F. V. (2015) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jc.2015-2571 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
Lin, C.-W., Hsu, B. R., Tsai, J.-S., Yang, H., Lin, J., Lin, C.-H., Huang, C., Hung, S., & Huang, Y. (2016) · Journal of Diabetes and its Complications · doi:10.1016/j.jdiacomp.2016.09.011 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
Body Mass Index Significantly Impacts Outcomes of Colorectal Surgery
Alizadeh, R. F., Moghadamyeghaneh, Z., Whealon, M. D., Hanna, M. H., Mills, S., Pigazzi, A., Stamos, M. J., & Carmichael, J. C. (2016) · The American Surgeon · doi:10.1177/000313481608201015 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
Lavie, C. J., Schutter, A. D., Archer, E., McAuley, P. A., & Blair, S. N. (2014) · Current Sports Medicine Reports · doi:10.1249/jsr.0000000000000067 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Self-citationKogelman, L. J. A., Fu, J., Franke, L., Greve, J. W. M., Hofker, M. H., Rensen, S. S., & Kadarmideen, H. N. (2016) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0167519 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
Ahn, W., & Lebowitz, M. S. (2017) · Appetite · doi:10.1016/j.appet.2017.08.021 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
Nordstoga, A. L., Zotcheva, E., Svedahl, E. R., Nilsen, T. I. L., & Skarpsno, E. S. (2019) · International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity · doi:10.1186/s12966-019-0809-2 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
Liu, J., Jia, F., Li, C., Yuan, H., Yang, H., Yang, R., Yue, Y., Zhang, G., Zhang, X., Ye, G., et al. (2023) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2023.06.064 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Frühbeck, G., Toplak, H., Woodward, E., Halford, J. C. G., & Yumuk, V. (2014) · Obesity Facts · doi:10.1159/000370038 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Ofstad, A. P., Sommer, C., Birkeland, K. I., Bjørgaas, M. R., Gran, J. M., Gulseth, H. L., & Johansen, O. E. (2019) · International Journal of Obesity · doi:10.1038/s41366-019-0353-9 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
Metabolic phenotyping in people living with obesity: Implications for dietary prevention
Blaak, E. E., & Goossens, G. H. (2023) · Reviews in Endocrine and Metabolic Disorders · doi:10.1007/s11154-023-09830-4 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
Cardiovascular risk profile in subjects with diabetes: Is SCORE2-Diabetes reliable?
Scilletta, S., Marco, M. D., Miano, N., Capuccio, S., Musmeci, M., Bosco, G., Barbagallo, F. D. G., Martedì, M., Rocca, F. L., Vitale, A., et al. (2025) · Cardiovascular Diabetology · doi:10.1186/s12933-025-02769-7 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
Fitness but not weight status is associated with projected physical independence in older adults
Sardinha, L., Cyrino, E., dos Santos, L., Ekelund, U., & Santos, D. (2016) · AGE · doi:10.1007/s11357-016-9911-4 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Dangers and Long-Term Outcomes in Metabolically Healthy Obesity
DEEDWANIA, P. C., & Lavie, C. J. (2018) · Journal of the American College of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2018.02.057 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
Self-citationPark, I. S., Kim, B., Han, Y., Yang, H. S., Cho, U., Kim, S. I., Kim, J. H., Park, J. H. Y., Lee, K. W., & Song, Y. S. (2019) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu12010013 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Cardiac Rehabilitation: Underrecognized/Underutilized
Franklin, B. A., & Brinks, J. (2015) · Current Treatment Options in Cardiovascular Medicine · doi:10.1007/s11936-015-0422-x · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Borel, J., Guerber, F., Jullian‐Desayes, I., Joyeux‐Faure, M., Arnol, N., Taleux, N., Tamisier, R., & Pépin, J. (2017) · Respirology · doi:10.1111/resp.13051 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Impact of Physical Activity and Fitness in Metabolically Healthy Obesity
Lavie, C. J., Ortega, F. B., & Kokkinos, P. F. (2018) · Journal of the American College of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2017.10.106 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Self-citationGregorio-Arenas, E., Ruiz-Cabello, P., Camiletti‐Moirón, D., Moratalla-Cecilia, N., Aranda, P., López-Jurado, M., Llopis, J., & Aparicio, V. A. (2016) · Maturitas · doi:10.1016/j.maturitas.2016.08.008 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Metabolically Healthy Obesity and Carotid Intima-Media Thickness
Jae, S. Y., Franklin, B. A., Choi, Y.-H., & Fernhall, B. (2015) · Mayo Clinic Proceedings · doi:10.1016/j.mayocp.2015.07.004 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Rich, E., Monaghan, L. F., & Bombak, A. E. (2019) · Sport Education and Society · doi:10.1080/13573322.2019.1566121 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Jiesisibieke, D., Feng, Y., Jiesisibieke, Z. L., Liu, J., & Tao, L. (2023) · BMC Public Health · doi:10.1186/s12889-023-16310-6 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Physical Fitness and Body Composition Two Years after Roux-En-Y Gastric Bypass in Adolescents
Brissman, M., Ekbom, K., Hagman, E., Mårild, S., Gronowitz, E., Flodmark, C., Olbers, T., & Marcus, C. (2016) · Obesity Surgery · doi:10.1007/s11695-016-2282-1 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Hruby, A., Bulathsinhala, L., McKinnon, C. J., Hill, O. T., Montain, S. J., Young, A., & Smith, T. J. (2017) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0170144 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Cho, I., Chang, H., Sung, J. M., Yun, Y. M., Kim, H. C., & Chung, N. (2017) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0189180 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Zhang, J., Guo, Q., Peng, L., Li, J., Gao, Y., Yan, B., Fang, B., & Wang, G. (2018) · BMC Cardiovascular Disorders · doi:10.1186/s12872-018-0846-9 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Chen, B., Lai, J., Guo, L., Dai, D., Chen, R., Wei, G., & Liao, N. (2020) · Journal of Cancer · doi:10.7150/jca.38567 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
- Authors
- Lavie, C. J., De Schutter, A., & Milani, R. V.
- Affiliations
- The University of Queensland (AU)
- Corresponding author
- Lavie, Carl J.
- Venue
- Nature Reviews Endocrinology
- Published
- 2014-09-30
- Volume
- 11
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 55-62
- ISSN
- 1759-5029 (ISSN-L)
- 1759-5037
- OpenAlex
- W2043273449
- Cited by
- 266
- References
- 83
- Citations by year
- 2026: 14 · 2025: 26 · 2024: 16 · 2023: 28 · 2022: 19 · 2021: 14 · 2020: 22 · 2019: 22 · 2018: 22 · 2017: 24 · 2016: 33 · 2015: 21 · 2014: 5
- FWCI
- 4.39
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Licence
- www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
- Locations
- Nature Reviews Endocrinology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes, Cardiovascular Risks, and Lipoproteins
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Obesity, Physical Activity, Diet
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Cardiovascular Disease and Adiposity
- Keywords
- obesity paradox, metabolically healthy obesity, obesity, cardiovascular health, cardiorespiratory fitness, overweight, morbid obesity, cardiovascular disease prevention, weight loss, body mass index
- MeSH terms
- Cardiovascular Diseases, Humans, Obesity, Risk Factors, Thinness, United States, Kaplan-Meier Estimate, Physical Conditioning, Human
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
