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Disorders of nucleotide excision repair: the genetic and molecular basis of heterogeneity
Abstract
Mutations in genes on the nucleotide excision repair pathway are associated with diseases, such as xeroderma pigmentosum, Cockayne syndrome and trichothiodystrophy, that involve skin cancer and developmental and neurological symptoms. These mutations cause the defective repair of damaged DNA and increased transcription arrest but, except for skin cancer, the links between repair and disease have not been obvious. Widely different clinical syndromes seem to result from mutations in the same gene, even when the mutations result in complete loss of function. The mapping of mutations in recently solved protein structures has begun to clarify the links between the molecular defects and phenotypes, but the identification of additional sources of clinical variability is still necessary.
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“Both XP and CS patients have defects in NER.”
From Why Cockayne syndrome patients do not get cancer despite their DNA repair deficiency (2016) · cites this paper as [1]
In the citing paper
“CS patients are characterized by neurological and developmental symptoms such as early cessation of growth, microcephaly, mental retardation with dysmyelination, cachexia, and a greatly reduced life expectancy (1).”
From Why Cockayne syndrome patients do not get cancer despite their DNA repair deficiency (2016) · cites this paper as [1]
In the citing paper
“CS patients, defective in the TCR branch of NER (1, 27), present a very different clinical picture, one of developmental defects and neurodegeneration; many but not all patients are also photosensitive, some developing blistering sunburns (5, 28).”
From Why Cockayne syndrome patients do not get cancer despite their DNA repair deficiency (2016) · cites this paper as [1]
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Fousteri, M., Vermeulen, W., van Zeeland, A. A., & Mullenders, L. H. F. (2006) · Molecular Cell · doi:10.1016/j.molcel.2006.06.029 · Cited by 387
RetractedMoser, J., Kool, H., Giakzidis, I., Caldecott, K., Mullenders, L. H. F., & Fousteri, M. I. (2007) · Molecular Cell · doi:10.1016/j.molcel.2007.06.014 · Cited by 261
RetractedGenome maintenance mechanisms for preventing cancer
Hoeijmakers, J. H. J. (2001) · Nature · doi:10.1038/35077232 · Cited by 3,939
Defective repair replication of DNA in xeroderma pigmentosum
CLEAVER, J. E. (1968) · Nature · doi:10.1038/218652a0 · Cited by 1,729
Self-citationMechanism of open complex and dual incision formation by human nucleotide excision repair factors
Evans, E., Moggs, J. G., Hwang, J. R., Egly, J., & Wood, R. D. (1997) · The EMBO Journal · doi:10.1093/emboj/16.21.6559 · Cited by 500
Cancer in xeroderma pigmentosum and related disorders of DNA repair
Cleaver, J. E. (2005) · Nature Reviews Cancer · doi:10.1038/nrc1652 · Cited by 427
Self-citationFan, L., Fuss, J. O., Cheng, Q. J., Arvai, A. S., Hammel, M., Roberts, V. A., Cooper, P. K., & Tainer, J. A. (2008) · Cell · doi:10.1016/j.cell.2008.04.030 · Cited by 369
Selby, C. P., & Sancar, A. (1997) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.272.3.1885 · Cited by 267
The Y-family DNA polymerase κ (pol κ) functions in mammalian nucleotide-excision repair
Ogi, T., & Lehmann, A. R. (2006) · Nature Cell Biology · doi:10.1038/ncb1417 · Cited by 211
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Items 201–300 of 376
Xie, H., Wang, W., Qi, W.-C., Jin, W., & Xia, B. (2021) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2021.661115 · Cited by 17
“Nucleotide excision repair (NER), the removal of large DNA lesions, is specific to single-strand DDR that causes structural distortions within the DNA double-helix (17).”
BackgroundThe role of Krüppel-like factor 8 in cancer biology: Current research and its clinical relevance
Kumar, S., Behera, A., Saha, P., & Srivastava, A. K. (2020) · Biochemical Pharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.bcp.2020.114351 · Cited by 17
Functional profiling of nucleotide Excision repair in breast cancer
Rajkumar-Calkins, A., Szalat, R. E., Dreze, M., Khan, I., Frazier, Z., Reznichenkov, E., Schnorenberg, M. R., Tsai, Y., Nguyen, H. Q., Kochupurakkal, B. S., et al. (2019) · DNA repair · doi:10.1016/j.dnarep.2019.102697 · Cited by 20
“[18, 19] In addition, several NER proteins are also components of the transcription factor IIH (TFIIH) complex, and biallelic mutations in one of these genes can result in Cockayne syndrome (CS) or trichothiodystrophy (TTD), diseases characterized by altered transcription as well as a DNA repair defect in some cases.[…”
BackgroundSethi, M., Haque, S., Fawcett, H., Wing, J., Chandler, N., Mohammed, S., Frayling, I., Norris, P., Mcgibbon, D., Young, A., et al. (2016) · Journal of Investigative Dermatology · doi:10.1016/j.jid.2015.12.031 · Cited by 16
“XPAeXPG are involved in nucleotide excision repair (NER) of DNA damage (Cleaver et al., 2009).”
BackgroundPTEN, Longevity and Age-Related Diseases
Tait, I., Li, Y., & Lu, J. (2013) · Biomedicines · doi:10.3390/biomedicines1010017 · Cited by 17
Zachayus, A., Loup-Forest, J., Cura, V., & Poterszman, A. (2025) · Genes · doi:10.3390/genes16020231 · Cited by 18
“G, where each group corresponds to causative mutations in one of the protein-coding genes involved in NER, as well as a variant form XP-V affecting a translesion DNA polymerase [21,22].”
Slyskova, J., Langie, S. A. S., Collins, A., & Vodicka, P. (2014) · Frontiers in Genetics · doi:10.3389/fgene.2014.00116 · Cited by 15
“The biological significance of both pathways is highlighted by the well-known association of BER or NER deficiency with the incidence of inherited (Cleaver et al., 2009) and sporadic types of cancer (Slyskova et al., 2012a).”
BackgroundInfluentialKitsera, N., Gasteiger, K. L., Lühnsdorf, B., Allgayer, J., Epe, B., Carell, T., & Khobta, A. (2014) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0094405 · Cited by 18
“Cockayne syndrome (CS) is an incurable genetic disease characterized by severe neurological and developmental abnormalities, growth failure and pathological changes in multiple organs [1].”
BackgroundBarve, A., Ghaskadbi, S., & Ghaskadbi, S. (2013) · BioMed Research International · doi:10.1155/2013/854745 · Cited by 15
Neurovascular dysfunction and neuroinflammation in a Cockayne syndrome mouse model
Kajitani, G. S., Brace, L. E., Trevino-Villarreal, J. H., Trocha, K. M., MacArthur, M. R., Vose, S. C., Vargas, D., Bronson, R. T., Mitchell, S. J., Menck, C. F. M., et al. (2021) · Aging · doi:10.18632/aging.203617 · Cited by 15
“There are numerous genetic syndromes associated with DNA repair deficiencies, particularly affecting nucleotide excision repair (NER), including Cockayne syndrome (CS), Trichotiodystrophy (TTD), and xeroderma pigmentosum (XP) [8, 9].”
BackgroundChikhaoui, A., Elouej, S., Nabouli, I., Jones, M., Lagarde, A., Rekaya, M. B., Messaoud, O., Hamdi, Y., Zghal, M., Delague, V., et al. (2019) · Frontiers in Genetics · doi:10.3389/fgene.2019.00111 · Cited by 14
Luteijn, R. D., Drexler, I., Smith, G. L., Lebbink, R. J., & Wiertz, E. J. H. J. (2018) · Journal of General Virology · doi:10.1099/jgv.0.001034 · Cited by 15
“These cells have mutations in their nucleotide-excision enzymes and consequently lack a functional DNA repair system [16].”
Hijazi, H., Salih, M. A. M., Hamad, M. H., Hassan, H. H., Salih, S. B. M., Mohamed, K., Mukhtar, M. M., Karrar, Z. A., Ansari, S., Ibrahim, N., et al. (2013) · Clinical Genetics · doi:10.1111/cge.12325 · Cited by 14
“Similar to XPD, mutations in XPG are not unique to XP but can also result in the closely related Cockayne syndrome (CS) (7).”
BackgroundCompe, E., Pangou, E., May, N. L., Elly, C., Braun, C., Hwang, J., Coin, F., Sumara, I., Choi, K., & Egly, J. (2022) · Science Advances · doi:10.1126/sciadv.abp9457 · Cited by 16
Growth charts in Cockayne syndrome type 1 and type 2
Baer, S., Tuzin, N., Kang, P. B., Mohammed, S. N., Kubota, M., van Ierland, Y., Busa, T., Rossi, M., Morel, G., Michot, C., et al. (2020) · European Journal of Medical Genetics · doi:10.1016/j.ejmg.2020.104105 · Cited by 16
Paul, D., Mu, H., Tavakoli, A., Dai, Q., Chen, X.-J., Chakraborty, S., He, C., Ansari, A., Broyde, S., & Min, J.-H. (2020) · bioRxiv · doi:10.1093/nar/gkaa909 · Cited by 13
“Genetic mutations in XPC and other NER factors underlie diseases such as the xeroderma pigmentosum (XP) cancer predisposition syndrome, marked by extreme sun sensitivity and >1000-fold higher risk of sunlight-induced skin cancers (15-17).”
Zhao, C., Matsuo, H., Onoue, S., Yamamoto, H., Ito, H., & Katakura, Y. (2019) · Journal of Functional Foods · doi:10.1016/j.jff.2019.01.017 · Cited by 17
Liu, S., Yan, S.-J., Lee, Y.-F., Liu, N.-C., Ting, H., Li, G.-H., Wu, Q., Chen, L., & Chang, C. (2011) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.m111.259523 · Cited by 13
Análise da natureza genotípica de pacientes Xeroderma pigmentosum brasileiros.
Soltys, D. T. (2010) · Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations (Universidade de São Paulo) · doi:10.11606/t.42.2010.tde-05082010-114429 · Cited by 13
Protection from UVB Toxicity in Human Keratinocytes by Thailand Native Herbs Extracts
Thongrakard, V., Ruangrungsi, N., Ekkapongpisit, M., Isidoro, C., & Tencomnao, T. (2013) · Photochemistry and Photobiology · doi:10.1111/php.12153 · Cited by 13
Transcription factor IIH - the protein complex with multiple functions.
Mydlikova, Z., Gursky, J., & Piršel, M. (2010) · Neoplasma (Bratislava) · doi:10.4149/neo_2010_04_287 · Cited by 13
Mărcuț, L. F., Brata, R. D., Barb, A. C., Manole, A., Stef, D. G., Dumitru, C. Ș., Zara, F., & Pătrașcu, R. (2025) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms262311271 · Cited by 11
“Germline defects in core NER components such as XPA, XPC, ERCC2, or ERCC3 underlie xeroderma pigmentosum and trichothiodystrophy, disorders characterized by extreme UV sensitivity and markedly increased skin cancer risk due to impaired removal of bulky adducts [25].”
Han, W., Zhou, H.-D., Zhang, X., Li, H.-N., Han, X.-T., Su, L., Tian, L., & Xue, X. (2024) · Translational Oncology · doi:10.1016/j.tranon.2024.101977 · Cited by 12
Cohen, Y., & Adar, S. (2023) · DNA repair · doi:10.1016/j.dnarep.2023.103549 · Cited by 15
Senju, C., Nakazawa, Y., Oso, T., Shimada, M., Kato, K., Matsuse, M., Tsujimoto, M., Masaki, T., Miyazaki, Y., Fukushima, S., et al. (2023) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.2217423120 · Cited by 13
Nucleotide excision repair genes shaping embryonic development
Araújo, S. J., & Kuraoka, I. (2019) · Open Biology · doi:10.1098/rsob.190166 · Cited by 15
“CS is a multi-system disorder with pleiotropic effects and patients have severe neurological abnormalities (including myelination defects, calcification and microcephaly), mental retardation, growth and developmental abnormalities, lack of subcutaneous fat, hypogonadism, tooth decay, cataracts and shorter lifespans [1…”
BackgroundClinicopathological Features of Ophthalmic Neoplasms Arising in the Setting of Xeroderma Pigmentosum
Suarez, M. J., Rivera-Michlig, R., Dubovy, S. R., & Rodríguez, F. J. (2015) · Ocular Oncology and Pathology · doi:10.1159/000441527 · Cited by 19
Monitoring Repair of UV-Induced 6-4-Photoproducts with a Purified DDB2 Protein Complex
Dreze, M., Calkins, A. S., Gálicza, J., Echelman, D. J., Schnorenberg, M. R., Fell, G. L., Iwai, S., Fisher, D. E., Szüts, D., Iglehart, J. D., et al. (2014) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0085896 · Cited by 16
“Mutations in seven well characterized NER genes (XPA to XPG), including DDB2 (XPE), result in Xeroderma Pigmentosum (XP), a recessive inherited syndrome characterized by heightened UV-sensitivity, neurological abnormalities, and an increased susceptibility to develop skin cancers [23,24].”
BackgroundZhang, H.-W., Gao, J.-L., Ye, J., Gong, Z., & Gu, X.-F. (2011) · European Journal of Medical Genetics · doi:10.1016/j.ejmg.2011.03.012 · Cited by 12
Tomaiuolo, M., Bertram, R., González-Iglesias, A., & Tabak, J. (2010) · Journal of neuroendocrinology · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2826.2010.02061.x · Cited by 12
Bariani, M. V., Cui, Y., Ali, M. K., Bai, T., Grimm, S. L., Coarfa, C., Walker, C. L., He, Y., Yang, Q., & Al-Hendy, A. A. (2023) · Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences · doi:10.1007/s00018-023-04928-z · Cited by 12
“Nucleotide excision repair (NER) is a highly conserved DNA repair pathway, capable of removing structurally bulky DNA helix distortion lesions from the genome, generated by chemicals or UV radiation [23, 24].”
BackgroundDNA Repair Repertoire of the Enigmatic Hydra
Barve, A., Galande, A. A., Ghaskadbi, S., & Ghaskadbi, S. (2021) · Frontiers in Genetics · doi:10.3389/fgene.2021.670695 · Cited by 11
Santovito, A., Gendusa, C., & Cervella, P. (2017) · American Journal of Human Biology · doi:10.1002/ajhb.23034 · Cited by 11
Xeroderma Pigmentosum: Low Prevalence of Germline XPA Mutations in a Brazilian XP Population
Santiago, K. M., de Nóbrega, A. F., Rocha, R., Rogatto, S., & Achatz, M. (2015) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms16048988 · Cited by 11
From laboratory tests to functional characterisation of Cockayne syndrome
Lanzafame, M., Vaz, B., Nardò, T., Botta, E., Orioli, D., & Stefanini, M. (2013) · Mechanisms of Ageing and Development · doi:10.1016/j.mad.2013.03.007 · Cited by 13
“For instance, CS mutant mice show very mild neurological decline, moderate developmental disabilities and elevated rates of skin cancer when exposed to DNA-damaging agents (reviewed in Cleaver et al., 2009; Kamileri et al., 2012b).”
BackgroundChemical Tools for the Study of DNA Repair
Jun, Y. W., & Kool, E. T. (2022) · Accounts of Chemical Research · doi:10.1021/acs.accounts.2c00608 · Cited by 20
A pooled analysis of molecular epidemiological studies on modulation of DNA repair by host factors
Opattová, A., Langie, S. A. S., Milić, M., Collins, A. R., Brevik, A., Coşkun, E., Dušinská, M., Gaivão, I., Kadıoğlu, E., Laffón, B., et al. (2022) · Mutation Research/Genetic Toxicology and Environmental Mutagenesis · doi:10.1016/j.mrgentox.2022.503447 · Cited by 15
Nucleotide Excision Repair from Bacteria to Humans: Structure–Function Studies
Ye, P., Wang, H., Santana‐Santos, L., Kisker, C., & Houten, B. V. (2010) · Humana Press eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-61737-995-6_13 · Cited by 12
“This is in contrast to a mouse knock-in model containing a human mutation in the TTD gene, which shows that high fluencies of UV can induce skin tumors (Cleaver et al. 2009).”
BackgroundResultInfluentialMa, J., Shao, X., Geng, F., Liang, S., Yu, C., & Zhang, R. (2022) · iScience · doi:10.1016/j.isci.2022.104957 · Cited by 10
“Because patients with CS do not exhibit elevated cancer-prone symptoms like patients with XP (Cleaver et al., 2009), mechanisms other than NER defects may exist.”
BackgroundKarentz, D. (2014) · Photochemistry and Photobiology · doi:10.1111/php.12388 · Cited by 9
Nucleotide Excision Repair in S. cerevisiae
Tatum, D. M., & Li, S. (2011) · InTech eBooks · doi:10.5772/22129 · Cited by 9
Spoerri, L., Oo, Z. Y., Larsen, J. E., Haass, N. K., Gabrielli, B. G., & Pavey, S. J. (2014) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-94-017-9421-3_3 · Cited by 9
Ren, P., Niu, X., Liu, C., Liu, J., Li, H., Zhao, Q. C., Xing, J., Bai, Y., Liang, Y., & Han, P. (2019) · International Journal of Clinical Oncology · doi:10.1007/s10147-019-01586-9 · Cited by 7
Belfort, R. N., Caso, E., Marcos, A., & Morales, M. C. (2019) · Indian Journal of Ophthalmology · doi:10.4103/ijo.ijo_1106_18 · Cited by 9
Zhang, R., Zhou, F., Cheng, L., Yu, A., Zhu, M., Wang, M., Zhang, Z., Xiang, J., & Wei, Q. (2018) · Molecular Carcinogenesis · doi:10.1002/mc.22877 · Cited by 11
“Second, the damaged DNA is unwound and remodeled by helicases XPB/ERCC3 and XPD/ERCC2, and bound to XPA and replication protein A (RPA).(13) The third step DNA incision involves nucleases XPG/ERCC5 and XPF-ERCC1, which excise the DNA from either side of the identified lesion.”
BackgroundSantovito, A., Delsoglio, M., Manitta, E., Picco, G., Meschiati, G., Chiarizio, M., Gendusa, C., & Cervella, P. (2017) · Biomarkers · doi:10.1080/1354750x.2017.1322147 · Cited by 8
“These mechanisms include Base Excision Repair (BER) and Nucleotide Excision Repair (NER) that correct nonbulky damage and lesions that distort the DNA double helical structure, respectively (Cleaver et al. 2009, Collins and Azqueta 2012).”
BackgroundBasal Cell Carcinoma in Gorlin’s Patients: a Matter of Fibroblasts-Led Protumoral Microenvironment?
Gache, Y., Brellier, F., Rouanet, S., Al-Qaraghuli, S., Gonçalves-Maia, M., Burty-Valin, E., Barnay‐Verdier, S., Scarzello, S., Ruat, M., Sévenet, N., et al. (2015) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0145369 · Cited by 11
“For yet unexplained reasons, 40 to 50% of those NBCCS BCCs, develop in non photo-exposed skin areas, [6] suggesting that susceptibility toward BCCs is not linked to inappropriate responses to DNA damages such as observed in the xeroderma pigmentosum nucleotide excision repair genetic syndrome [7].”
BackgroundFluorescence detection of cellular nucleotide excision repair of damaged DNA
Toga, T., Kuraoka, I., Watanabe, S., Nakano, E., Takeuchi, S., Nishigori, C., Sugasawa, K., & Iwai, S. (2014) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/srep05578 · Cited by 7
Arresting transcription and sentencing the cell: The consequences of blocked transcription
McKay, B. C., & Cabrita, M. A. (2013) · Mechanisms of Ageing and Development · doi:10.1016/j.mad.2013.03.003 · Cited by 9
Genetic and Metabolic Disorders of the White Matter
Vanderver, A. L., & Wolf, N. I. (2017) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-323-37101-8.00099-0 · Cited by 4
Bariani, M. V., Cui, Y.-H., Ali, M. M., Bai, T., Grimm, S., Coarfa, C., Walker, C., He, Y.-Y., Yang, Q.-W., & Al-Hendy, A. (2023) · Research Square · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-3001855/v1 · Cited by 7
“Nucleotide excision repair (NER) is a highly conserved DNA repair pathway, capable of removing structurally bulky DNA helix distortion lesions from the genome, generated by chemicals or UV radiation [23, 24].”
Weeks-Pollenz, S. J., Ali, Y., Morris, L. A., Sutera, V. A., Dudenhausen, E. E., Hibnick, M., Lovett, S. T., & Bloom, L. B. (2022) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1016/j.jbc.2022.102786 · Cited by 7
Mutagenicity Profile Induced by UVB Light in Human Xeroderma Pigmentosum Group C Cells†
Ruiz, N. Q., Corradi, C., Moreno, N. C., de Souza, T. A., Castro, L. P., Rocha, C. R. R., & Menck, C. F. M. (2021) · Photochemistry and Photobiology · doi:10.1111/php.13516 · Cited by 8
Pigmentation abnormalities in nucleotide excision repair disorders: Evidence and hypotheses
Kasraian, Z., Trompezinski, S., Cario, M., Morice‐Picard, F., Ged, C., Jullié, M., Taı̈eb, A., & Rezvani, H. R. (2018) · Pigment Cell & Melanoma Research · doi:10.1111/pcmr.12720 · Cited by 10
Han, P., Liu, H., Shi, Q., Liu, Z., Troy, J. D., Lee, W. T., Zevallos, J. P., Li, G., Sturgis, E. M., & Wei, Q. (2018) · Molecular Carcinogenesis · doi:10.1002/mc.22801 · Cited by 6
“Humans with defective NER proteins may have NERassociated diseases, such as xeroderma pigmentosum (XP), Cockayne's syndrome, and trichothiodystrophy.(18,19) In addition, double strand break (DSB) repair may also play an important role in HPV-related oropharyngeal cancer, and our team recently reported an association b…”
BackgroundTwo novel mutations in ERCC6 cause Cockayne syndrome B in a Chinese family
He, C., Sun, M., Wang, G.-X., Yang, Y., Yao, L., & Wu, Y. (2017) · Molecular Medicine Reports · doi:10.3892/mmr.2017.6487 · Cited by 7
“CS is clinically diagnosed by reduced recovery of RNA and DNA synthesis in fibroblasts following ultraviolet (UV) irradiation (5), involving defective nucleotide-excision repair (NER) as the molecular pathogenesis (6).”
InfluentialJarrett, S. G., & D'Orazio, J. A. (2016) · Photochemistry and Photobiology · doi:10.1111/php.12640 · Cited by 8
Sources and consequences of oxidative damage from mitochondria and neurotransmitter signaling
Brennan, A., Arron, S. T., Chou, K.-M., Cunningham, E. P., & Cleaver, J. E. (2016) · Environmental and Molecular Mutagenesis · doi:10.1002/em.21995 · Cited by 9
“Patients with mutations in DNA damage recognition proteins DDB2 and XPC, of global genome repair (GGR), exhibit almost exclusively actinic skin cancer [Kraemer et al., 1994; Cleaver et al., 2009; Bradford et al., 2011].”
BackgroundInfluentialSelf-citationMaximum Parsimony Analysis of Gene Copy Number Changes
Zhou, J., Lin, Y., Rajan, V., Hoskins, W., & Tang, J. (2015) · Lecture notes in computer science · doi:10.1007/978-3-662-48221-6_8 · Cited by 7
“, translesion synthesis and non-homologous end joining) [16–23].”
BackgroundRath, P., & Rath, P. C. (2019) · doi:10.1007/978-981-13-3585-3 · Cited by 7
“outer segment discs are normally seen in vitamin A-deficiency [29, 55] and lightinduced retinopathy [50, 51, 56, 72] in experimental rodents and chicks that are perhaps caused by oxidative stress.”
BackgroundInfluentialPhotosensitivity and Photoreactions
Paller, A., & Mancini, A. (2011) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-1-4377-0412-9.00019-8 · Cited by 7
An active learning framework improves tumor variant interpretation
Blee, A. M., Li, B., Pecen, T., Meiler, J., Nagel, Z. D., Capra, J. A., & Chazin, W. J. (2021) · doi:10.1101/2021.11.08.467747 · Cited by 7
High-throughput assays to assess variant effects on disease
Ma, K., Gauthier, L. O., Cheung, F., Huang, S., & Lek, M. (2024) · Disease Models & Mechanisms · doi:10.1242/dmm.050573 · Cited by 7
“Additionally, Cockayne syndrome, a developmental disorder with a significant impact on lifespan, is associated with variants in two NER pathway genes (Cleaver et al., 2009).”
ERCC2 mutations in two siblings with a severe trichothiodystrophy phenotype
Leemans, G., Raeve, L. D. D., & Keymolen, K. (2019) · Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology · doi:10.1111/jdv.16134 · Cited by 6
Omics Approaches for Identifying Physiological Adaptations to Genome Instability in Aging
Edifizi, D., & Schumacher, B. (2017) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms18112329 · Cited by 6
“Bulky DNA lesions that disturb the normal double-helical structure of DNA, such as UV-induced 6-4 pyrimidine photoproducts (6-4PPs) [5] and cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers (CPDs) [6], are repaired by the nucleotide excision repair (NER) [7].”
BackgroundAn Iterative Approach for Phylogenetic Analysis of Tumor Progression Using FISH Copy Number
Zhou, J., Lin, Y., Hoskins, W., & Tang, J. (2015) · Lecture notes in computer science · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-19048-8_34 · Cited by 4
Defining genome maintenance pathways using functional genomic approaches
Bansbach, C. E., & Cortez, D. (2011) · Critical Reviews in Biochemistry and Molecular Biology · doi:10.3109/10409238.2011.588938 · Cited by 10
“, 1998); the identification of the DNA crosslink repair proteins defective in patients with Fanconi anemia (FANC proteins) (D’Andrea, 2010); and the description of proteins involved in the repair of ultraviolet (UV)-radiation damage via nucleotide excision repair pathways from people with xeroderma pigmentosum (XP pro…”
BackgroundLeach, D. M., & Rainbow, A. J. (2010) · Mutagenesis · doi:10.1093/mutage/geq096 · Cited by 5
“Among the many functions of CSB, the best studied to date is the role it plays in conjunction with the Cockayne syndrome group A (CSA) protein in coupling transcription by RNA polymerase II (polII) to repair of nucleotide excision repair (NER) substrates in actively transcribed genes via the transcription-coupled repa…”
BackgroundInfluentialPrésentation générale des mécanismes de réparation de l'ADN
Pourquier, P., & Robert, J. (2011) · Bulletin du Cancer · doi:10.1684/bdc.2011.1323 · Cited by 6
Genetic Syndromes with Evidence of Immune Deficiency
Ming, J. E., & Graham, J. M. (2014) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-405546-9.00012-1 · Cited by 6
Dorr, M. M., & Rochette, P. J. (2023) · PLOS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0283572 · Cited by 6
“Importance of NER for skin cancer prevention is well demonstrated by the fact that a deficiency in NER proteins, such as in xeroderma pigmentosum (XP) patients, leads to an increase of up to 2,000-fold in skin cancer occurrence [9].”
BackgroundMartins, S., Hacheney, I., Teichweyde, N., Hildebrandt, B., Krutmann, J., & Rossi, A. (2021) · Stem Cell Research · doi:10.1016/j.scr.2021.102456 · Cited by 5
Cho, S., Traboulsi, E. I., Chiang, J., & Sierpina, D. I. (2020) · Documenta Ophthalmologica · doi:10.1007/s10633-020-09754-3 · Cited by 7
The hardwired transcriptional response to DNA damage
Heilbrun, E. E., Merav, M., Parnas, A., & Adar, S. (2020) · Current Opinion in Systems Biology · doi:10.1016/j.coisb.2020.05.001 · Cited by 5
Markiewicz, E., & Idowu, O. C. (2018) · Clinical Cosmetic and Investigational Dermatology · doi:10.2147/ccid.s163792 · Cited by 6
“95–97 Premature skin aging is also linked with mutations in the ATM gene, resulting in inherited deficiencies in the checkpoint pathways and gradual accumulation of DNA damage.”
Wang, D., Yang, H., Zhou, Z. Y., Zhao, M., Chen, R., & Reed, S. H. (2018) · Toxicology Letters · doi:10.1016/j.toxlet.2018.02.022 · Cited by 5
Zhang, L., Chen, H., Bi, X., & Gong, F. (2013) · Cell Cycle · doi:10.4161/cc.25457 · Cited by 5
“For example, mutations in genes of the pathway can cause the Xeroderma pigmentosum skin cancer predisposition syndrome.(1) NER can detect DNA lesions either in a transcriptioncoupled manner or in a genome-wide process.”
BackgroundAlanazi, J., & Latimer, J. J. (2020) · Methods in molecular biology · doi:10.1007/978-1-0716-0223-2_28 · Cited by 8
Paller, A. S., & Mancini, A. J. (2011) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-1-4377-0412-9.00007-1 · Cited by 11
Dynamic Modeling and Parameter Identification for Biological Networks
Bianconi, F., Lillacci, G., & Valigi, P. (2011) · IGI Global eBooks · doi:10.4018/978-1-60960-491-2.ch021 · Cited by 4
Methods to Study Transcription-Coupled Repair in Chromatin
Gaillard, H., Wellinger, R. E., & Aguilera, A. (2009) · Methods in molecular biology · doi:10.1007/978-1-59745-190-1_10 · Cited by 13
Jones, K., Dye, E., Gilkes, N., Xia, D., Jiang, S., & Li, W. (2025) · Journal of Environmental Science and Health Part C · doi:10.1080/26896583.2025.2545086 · Cited by 2
“46 47–49 These sub-pathways differ in how they recognize DNA damage but converge on a common set of downstream repair steps (Figure 1C).”
Alotaibi, F., Alshammari, K. M., Alotaibi, B. A., & Alsaab, H. O. (2024) · Frontiers in Pharmacology · doi:10.3389/fphar.2023.1280591 · Cited by 6
“In addition, to overlapping symptoms associated with several disease such as cancer, immunological defects and developmental delay (Cleaver et al., 2009).”
BackgroundMistry, H., & Gupta, G. D. (2023) · Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics · doi:10.1016/j.abb.2023.109515 · Cited by 4
Li, C., Wu, B., Han, H., Zhao, J., Bai, Y., & Liu, X.-M. (2020) · Genes · doi:10.3390/genes11090953 · Cited by 4
Dorr, M. M., Guignard, R., Auger, F. A., & Rochette, P. J. (2020) · British Journal of Dermatology · doi:10.1111/bjd.19117 · Cited by 4
Structural insights into the molecular mechanisms of the Mycobacterium evolvability factor Mfd
Putta, S., Prabha, S., Bhat, V., Fox, G., Walsh, M., Rao, D., Nagaraja, V., & Natesh, R. (2019) · bioRxiv · doi:10.1101/728246 · Cited by 4
Analysis of Actively Transcribed DNA Repair Using a Transfection-Based System
Latimer, J. (2014) · Methods in molecular biology · doi:10.1007/978-1-62703-739-6_37 · Cited by 4
“Patients with deficiencies in XP complementation groups A, D, F, and G share their inability to perform TCR [5, 35].”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialThe DNA damage response and cancer immunotherapy
Sheng, H., & Li, G. (2026) · Nature reviews. Cancer · doi:10.1038/s41568-026-00958-4 · Cited by 3
“DNA damage 51,52 .”
The role of HECT-type E3 ubiquitin ligases in DNA damage response and repair
Giovannini, S., Fiorilli, C., Moriconi, V., Shi, Y., Candi, E., Melino, G., & Bernassola, F. (2025) · Cell Death Discovery · doi:10.1038/s41420-025-02911-0 · Cited by 3
“…Xeroderma pigmentosum factor C (XPC) — hRad23B/A protein complex and by the DDB1 (DNA damage-binding protein 1) — DDB2 (or XPE) complex, while the arrested transcription apparatus signals the DNA damage in TC-NER, with the involvement of Cockayne syndrome (CS) proteins CSA and CSB [31, 71, 211].”
Natalia, G. R., Cesarini, M., Melisa, E., & Gatto, E. M. (2025) · Parkinsonism & Related Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.parkreldis.2025.108091 · Cited by 3
UVA-light-induced mutagenesis in the exome of human nucleotide excision repair-deficient cells
Ruiz, N. Q., Corradi, C., Moreno, N. C., de Souza, T. A., & Menck, C. F. M. (2025) · Photochemical & Photobiological Sciences · doi:10.1007/s43630-025-00697-9 · Cited by 5
“Moreover, xeroderma pigmentosum patients, who lack functional NER, suffer from extreme sunlight sensitivity and have ten thousand increased risk of developing skin cancer in sun-exposed areas, illustrating the strong correlation between DNA damage and cancer [55, 57, 58].”
Cohen-Paes, A. D. N., de Alcântara, A. L., Moreira, F., Fernandes, M. R., Pantoja, K. B. C. C., de Carvalho, D. C., Guerreiro, J., Ribeiro-dos-Santos, Â., dos Santos, S. E. B., de Assumpção, P. P., et al. (2022) · Genes · doi:10.3390/genes13101869 · Cited by 3
“Given the importance of their functions, several studies have associated genes of DNA repair pathways and susceptibility to diseases such as xeroderma pigmentosum [12,13], cockayne syndrome and trichothiodystrophy [13], and cancer [14–17].”
BackgroundAcosta, S., Canclini, L., Marizcurrena, J. J., Castro‐Sowinski, S., & Hernández, P. (2022) · Environmental Toxicology and Pharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.etap.2022.104001 · Cited by 5
Chen, J., Li, L., Sun, L. L., Yuan, Y., & Jing, J. (2021) · PeerJ · doi:10.7717/peerj.11791 · Cited by 5
“Nucleotide excision repair (NER) can repair a wide range of DNA lesions, including oxidatively damaged DNA bases, bulky adducts and UV-induced cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers(2, 3).”
BackgroundMori, M. P., & de Souza-Pinto, N. C. (2020) · Genetics and Molecular Biology · doi:10.1590/1678-4685-gmb-2019-0083 · Cited by 3
“…with mutations in protein-coding genes of the NER pathway [ XPA , ERCC3 (XPB), XPC , ERCC2 (XPD), DDB2 (XPE – UV-DDB complex), ERCC4 (XPF) e ERCC5 (XPG)] and XP-V (XP variant), with mutations in the POLH gene coding the translesions synthesis DNA polymerase Pol (cid:4) (Cleaver et al. , 2009).”
Exploring new potential role of DDB2 by host cell reactivation assay in human tumorigenic cells
Bassi, E., Perucca, P., Guardamagna, I., Prosperi, E., Stivala, L. A., & Cazzalini, O. (2019) · BMC Cancer · doi:10.1186/s12885-019-6258-0 · Cited by 4
Pradhan, S., & Mattaparthi, V. S. K. (2017) · Journal of Biomolecular Structure and Dynamics · doi:10.1080/07391102.2017.1388285 · Cited by 3
Perioperative Care of a Pediatric Patient With Cockayne Syndrome
Khawaja, A. A., & Tobias, J. (2017) · doi:10.14740/jmc.v8i10.2913 · Cited by 3
“Confirmation of the diagnosis is possible using genetic testing with the demonstration of a repair/synthesis defect of DNA/ RNA in response to ultra-violet radiation in cultured fibroblast cells [3, 4].”
BackgroundImportance of genotype–phenotype correlation in xeroderma pigmentosum
Fassihi, H. (2015) · British Journal of Dermatology · doi:10.1111/bjd.13577 · Cited by 3
Metadata
- Authors
- Cleaver, J. E., Lam, E. T., & Revet, I.
- Affiliations
- University of California, San Francisco (US)
- Corresponding author
- Cleaver, James E.
- ORCID
- Cleaver, James E.
- Venue
- Nature Reviews Genetics
- Published
- 2009-10-07
- Volume
- 10
- Issue
- 11
- Pages
- 756-768
- ISSN
- 1471-0056 (ISSN-L)
- 1471-0064
- OpenAlex
- W2026776398
- Cited by
- 428
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2026: 7 · 2025: 16 · 2024: 9 · 2023: 14 · 2022: 23 · 2021: 20 · 2020: 30 · 2019: 24 · 2018: 24 · 2017: 29 · 2016: 35 · 2015: 30 · 2014: 43 · 2013: 38 · 2012: 33
- FWCI
- 2.12
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Nature Reviews Genetics (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Iris O'Brien Foundation
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (R01NS052781)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › DNA Repair Mechanisms
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Genomics and Rare Diseases
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Dermatology › Genetic and rare skin diseases.
- Keywords
- nucleotide excision repair, genetic heterogeneity, xeroderma pigmentosum, Cockayne syndrome, trichothiodystrophy, transcription arrest, DNA repair deficiency, skin cancer predisposition, neurological symptoms, developmental abnormalities, loss-of-function mutations, protein structure, genotype-phenotype correlation
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Cockayne Syndrome, DNA Repair, Humans, Genetic Variation, Xeroderma Pigmentosum, Trichothiodystrophy Syndromes
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