The DOI matches its Crossref record; 102 of the 103 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Mitochondria in innate immune responses
Open accessAbstract
The innate immune system has a key role in the mammalian immune response. Recent research has demonstrated that mitochondria participate in a broad range of innate immune pathways, functioning as signalling platforms and contributing to effector responses. In addition to regulating antiviral signalling, mounting evidence suggests that mitochondria facilitate antibacterial immunity by generating reactive oxygen species and contribute to innate immune activation following cellular damage and stress. Therefore, in addition to their well-appreciated roles in cellular metabolism and programmed cell death, mitochondria appear to function as centrally positioned hubs in the innate immune system. Here, we review the emerging knowledge about the roles of mitochondria in innate immunity.
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“Cardiolipin, N-formylated peptides, mtDNA, ATP and reactive oxygen species are known mitochondrial damage-associated molecular patterns (9, 28–30).”
From Autoantibodies in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Target Mitochondrial RNA (2019) · cites this paper as [29]
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In the citing paper
“Complex I produces O2●− into the mitochondrial matrix where it is dismutated by SOD2 to H2O2 [67,84,85,86].”
From Functions of ROS in Macrophages and Antimicrobial Immunity (2021) · cites this paper as [84]
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In the citing paper
“Mitochondria and their components (e.g. N-formylated peptides and mtDNA) are recognized as damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs), which activate the innate immune system and elicit an inflammatory response6,21–23.”
From Anti-mitochondrial autoantibodies in systemic lupus erythematosus and their association with disease manifestations (2019) · cites this paper as [22]
In the citing paper
“The enzyme family of NADPH oxidases (Nox) [13,83] and the respiratory electron transport chain (ETC) of mitochondria [84,85,86] are the two major sources of ROS in many eukaryotic cells.”
From Functions of ROS in Macrophages and Antimicrobial Immunity (2021) · cites this paper as [84]
In the citing paper
“Mitochondria-derived ROS (mtROS) are mainly produced by complexes I and III as O2●−.”
From Functions of ROS in Macrophages and Antimicrobial Immunity (2021) · cites this paper as [84]
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Citations
Cites
How mitochondria produce reactive oxygen species
Murphy, M. P. (2009) · Biochemical Journal · doi:10.1042/bj20081386 · Cited by 8,207
A role for mitochondria in nlrp3 inflammasome activation
Zhou, R., Yazdi, A. S., Menu, P., & Tschopp, J. (2011) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature09663 · Cited by 5,602
Circulating mitochondrial DAMPs cause inflammatory responses to injury
Zhang, Q., Raoof, M., Chen, Y., Sumi, Y., Sursal, T., Junger, W., Brohi, K., Itagaki, K., & Hauser, C. J. (2010) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature08780 · Cited by 3,812
STING is an endoplasmic reticulum adaptor that facilitates innate immune signalling
Ishikawa, H., & Barber, G. N. (2008) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature07317 · Cited by 3,576
Seth, R. B., Sun, L., Ea, C.-K., & Chen, Z. J. (2005) · Cell · doi:10.1016/j.cell.2005.08.012 · Cited by 3,329
NOX enzymes and the biology of reactive oxygen
Lambeth, J. D. (2004) · Nature Reviews Immunology · doi:10.1038/nri1312 · Cited by 3,125
Sterile inflammation: sensing and reacting to damage
Chen, G. Y., & Nuñez, G. (2010) · Nature Reviews Immunology · doi:10.1038/nri2873 · Cited by 3,051
Nakahira, K., Haspel, J. A., Rathinam, V. A. K., Lee, S.-J., Dolinay, T., Lam, H. C., Englert, J. A., Rabinovitch, M., Cernadas, M., Kim, H. P., et al. (2011) · Nature Immunology · doi:10.1038/ni.1980 · Cited by 3,049
IPS-1, an adaptor triggering RIG-I- and Mda5-mediated type I interferon induction
Kawai, T., Takahashi, K., Sato, S., Coban, C., Kumar, H., Kato, H., Ishii, K. J., Takeuchi, O., & Akira, S. (2005) · Nature Immunology · doi:10.1038/ni1243 · Cited by 2,562
Mitofusin 2 tethers endoplasmic reticulum to mitochondria
de Brito, O. M., & Scorrano, L. (2008) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature07534 · Cited by 2,442
Cited by
Sorted by citations
ROS function in redox signaling and oxidative stress
Schieber, M., & Chandel, N. S. (2014) · Current Biology · doi:10.1016/j.cub.2014.03.034 · Cited by 6,931
Mittler, R. (2017) · Trends in Plant Science · doi:10.1016/j.tplants.2016.08.002 · Cited by 3,499
Mitochondrial DNA stress primes the antiviral innate immune response
West, A. P., Khoury-Hanold, W., Staron, M., Tal, M. C., Pineda, C. M., Lang, S. M., Bestwick, M., Duguay, B. A., Raimundo, N., MacDuff, D. A., et al. (2015) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature14156 · Cited by 1,975
Self-citationThe multifaceted contributions of mitochondria to cellular metabolism
Spinelli, J. B., & Haigis, M. C. (2018) · Nature Cell Biology · doi:10.1038/s41556-018-0124-1 · Cited by 1,935
Mitochondrial ROS Signaling in Organismal Homeostasis
Shadel, G. S., & Horvath, T. L. (2015) · Cell · doi:10.1016/j.cell.2015.10.001 · Cited by 1,353
Self-citation
Metadata
- Authors
- West, A. P., Shadel, G. S., & Ghosh, S.
- Affiliations
- Yale University (US)
- Columbia University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Ghosh, Sankar
- Venue
- Nature Reviews Immunology
- Published
- 2011-05-20
- Volume
- 11
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 389-402
- ISSN
- 1474-1733 (ISSN-L)
- 1474-1741
- PMC
- PMC4281487
- OpenAlex
- W2033448006
- Cited by
- 1,376
- References
- 103
- Citations by year
- 2026: 119 · 2025: 78 · 2024: 103 · 2023: 97 · 2022: 102 · 2021: 129 · 2020: 101 · 2019: 83 · 2018: 85 · 2017: 109 · 2016: 95 · 2015: 97 · 2014: 75 · 2013: 46 · 2012: 44
- FWCI
- 5.04
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Licence
- www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
- Locations
- Nature reviews. Immunology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (R37 AI33443, R37AI033443)
- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (ES‑011)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › Immune Response and Inflammation
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Mitochondrial Function and Pathology
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Inflammasome and immune disorders
- Keywords
- mitochondria, innate immunity, antiviral signaling, reactive oxygen species, antibacterial immunity, sterile inflammation, programmed cell death, cellular metabolism
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Bacterial Infections, Humans, Immunity, Innate, Mitochondria, Virus Diseases, Signal Transduction, Reactive Oxygen Species, Models, Immunological, Mitochondrial Proteins
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