Relations of glycemic index and glycemic load with plasma oxidative stress markers
Open accessAbstract
Background Recent data suggest that acute hyperglycemia may increase in vivo free radical production. This increased production has been implicated in many disease processes.Objective The objective was to investigate whether a diet with a high glycemic index (GI) or glycemic load (GL) is associated with greater oxidative stress as measured by 2 lipid peroxidation markers, malondialdehyde (MDA) and F2-isoprostanes (IsoPs).Design Plasma MDA and IsoP concentrations were measured in 292 healthy adults, and dietary GI and GL were assessed by using a validated food-frequency questionnaire. Cross-sectional associations between GI, GL, and the 2 markers were examined by using multiple regression techniques with adjustment for potential confounding variables.Results Dietary GI was positively associated with both plasma MDA and IsoPs. The mean multivariate-adjusted MDA concentrations increased from 0.55 to 0.73 micromol/L as GI increased from the lowest to the highest quartile (P for trend = 0.02); the corresponding IsoP concentrations increased from 0.034 to 0.040 ng/mL (P for trend = 0.03). GL was positively associated with both MDA and IsoPs, but the linear relation was significant only for MDA. In addition, a marginally significant interaction between overall GI and body mass index (BMI; in kg/m2) for plasma MDA was observed (P = 0.09). The positive association between overall GI and MDA was stronger in those with a BMI < 26.5 than for those with a BMI > or = 26.5.Conclusions Chronic consumption of high-GI foods may lead to chronically high oxidative stress. A low-GI diet, not a low-carbohydrate diet, appears to be beneficial in reducing oxidative stress.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
Because no studies have a time frame shorter than 6 years, it is not possible to determine whether the effect is early or later.
“Because no studies have a time frame shorter than 6 years, it is not possible to determine whether the effect is early, possibly from alterations in clotting factors,60 or later due to reduction in the rate of atheroma formation secondary to oxidative damage.61”
From Associations of Glycemic Index and Load With Coronary Heart Disease Events: A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis of Prospective Cohorts (2012) · cites this paper as [61]
Cites
Free radicals in biology and medicine
Gutteridge, J. M. C. (1991) · General Pharmacology The Vascular System · doi:10.1016/0306-3623(91)90478-o · Cited by 17,178 · see citing works
Obesity : Preventing and managing the global epidemic
Akram, D. S., Astrup, A. V., Atinmo, T., Boissin, J.-L., Bray, G. A., Carroll, K. N., Chitson, P., Chen, C., Dietz, W. H., Hill, J. O., et al. (2000) · Research at the University of Copenhagen (University of Copenhagen) · Cited by 12,945 · see citing works
Glycemic index of foods: a physiological basis for carbohydrate exchange
Jenkins, D. J., Wolever, T. M., Taylor, R. H., Barker, H., Fielden, H., Baldwin, J. M., Bowling, A. C., Newman, H. C., Jenkins, A. L., & Goff, D. V. (1981) · The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1093/ajcn/34.3.362 · Cited by 3,857 · see citing works
International table of glycemic index and glycemic load values: 2002,
Foster-Powell, K., Holt, S. H., & Brand-Miller, J. C. (2002) · The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1093/ajcn/76.1.5 · Cited by 3,080 · see citing works
Morrow, J. D., Hill, K. E., Burk, R. F., Nammour, T., Badr, K. F., & Roberts, L. J. (1990) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.87.23.9383 · Cited by 1,898 · see citing works
Self-citationMorrow, J. D., Frei, B. B., Longmire, A. W., Gaziano, J. M., Lynch, S. M., Shyr, Y., Strauss, W., Oates, J. A., & Roberts, L. J. (1995) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm199505043321804 · Cited by 1,340 · see citing works
Self-citationValidation of a self-administered diet history questionnaire using multiple diet records
Block, G., Woods, M., Potosky, A., & Clifford, C. (1990) · Journal of Clinical Epidemiology · doi:10.1016/0895-4356(90)90099-b · Cited by 1,197 · see citing works
Liu, S., Willett, W. C., Stampfer, M. J., Hu, F. B., Franz, M., Sampson, L., Hennekens, C. H., & Manson, J. E. (2000) · The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1093/ajcn/71.6.1455 · Cited by 1,166 · see citing works
Carr, A. C., & Frei, B. (1999) · The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1093/ajcn/69.6.1086 · Cited by 940 · see citing works
Free radicals in biology and medicine
Lucy, J. A. (1985) · FEBS Letters · doi:10.1016/0014-5793(85)80903-0 · Cited by 908 · see citing works
de Vegt, F., Dekker, J. M., Ruhé, H. G., Stehouwer, C. D. A., Nijpels, G., Bouter, L. M., & Heine, R. J. (1999) · Diabetologia · doi:10.1007/s001250051249 · Cited by 611 · see citing works
Liu, S., Manson, J. E., Buring, J. E., Stampfer, M. J., Willett, W. C., & Ridker, P. M. (2002) · The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1093/ajcn/75.3.492 · Cited by 594 · see citing works
Block, G., Thompson, F. E., Hartman, A. M., LARKIN, F., & Guire, K. E. (1992) · Journal of the American Dietetic Association · doi:10.1016/s0002-8223(21)00707-0 · Cited by 502 · see citing works
Self-citationFactors Associated with Oxidative Stress in Human Populations
Block, G. (2002) · American Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.1093/aje/kwf029 · Cited by 475 · see citing works
Self-citationLiu, S., Manson, J. E., Stampfer, M. J., Holmes, M. D., Hu, F. B., Hankinson, S. E., & Willett, W. C. (2001) · The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1093/ajcn/73.3.560 · Cited by 454 · see citing works
Muthukannan, J. (1995) · Journal of the American Dietetic Association · doi:10.1016/s0002-8223(95)00516-1 · Cited by 412 · see citing works
Morrow, J. D., & Roberts, L. J. (1999) · Methods in enzymology on CD-ROM/Methods in enzymology · doi:10.1016/s0076-6879(99)00106-8 · Cited by 411 · see citing works
Self-citationThe Role of Oxidized Low-Density Lipoproteins in the Pathogenesis of Atherosclerosis
Parthasarathy, S., Steinberg, D. H., & Witztum, J. L. (1992) · Annual Review of Medicine · doi:10.1146/annurev.me.43.020192.001251 · Cited by 387 · see citing works
Mutagenicity of Malonaldehyde, a Decomposition Product of Peroxidized Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids
Mukai, F. H., & Goldstein, B. D. (1976) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.766187 · Cited by 354 · see citing works
Oxidative Stress and Cardiovascular Disease
Stanner, S., Coe, S., & Frayn, K. N. (2018) · doi:10.1002/9781118829875.ch9 · Cited by 330 · see citing works
Potential Antiatherogenic Mechanisms of Ascorbate (Vitamin C) and α-Tocopherol (Vitamin E)
Carr, A. C., Zhu, B., & Frei, B. B. (2000) · Circulation Research · doi:10.1161/01.res.87.5.349 · Cited by 305 · see citing works
Mares‐Perlman, J. A., Klein, B. E. K., Klein, R., Ritter, L. L., Fisher, M. R., & Freudenheim, J. L. (1993) · Journal of Nutrition · doi:10.1093/jn/123.3.489 · Cited by 304 · see citing works
Young, I. S., & Trimble, E. R. (1991) · Annals of Clinical Biochemistry International Journal of Laboratory Medicine · doi:10.1177/000456329102800514 · Cited by 275 · see citing works
Meal-Generated Oxidative Stress in Type 2 Diabetic Patients
Ceriello, A., Bortolotti, N., Motz, E., Crescentini, A., Lizzio, S., Russo, A., Tonutti, L., & Taboga, C. (1998) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/diacare.21.9.1529 · Cited by 211 · cited 1× · see citing works
“Direct evidence from studies in both normal subjects and those with diabetes showed that induced hyperglycemia (12) or meal intake and its attendant increase in glucose (13, 14) can induce oxidative stress and reduce antioxidant defenses, and the increase in oxidative stress was significantly greater after meals that…”
BackgroundCeriello, A., Bortolotti, Crescentini, Motz, Lizzio, Russo, Ézsol, Tonutti, & Taboga (1998) · European Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1046/j.1365-2362.1998.00295.x · Cited by 203 · see citing works
Ceriello, A., Bortolotti, N., Motz, E., Pieri, C., Marra, M., Tonutti, L., Lizzio, S., Feletto, F., Catone, B., & Taboga, C. (1999) · Metabolism · doi:10.1016/s0026-0495(99)90237-8 · Cited by 197 · see citing works
Oxidative stress and cardiovascular disease.
Rj, H. (1997) · PubMed · Cited by 189 · see citing works
Wood, L. G., Fitzgerald, D. A., Gibson, P. C., Cooper, D. M., & Garg, M. L. (2000) · Lipids · doi:10.1007/s11745-000-0607-x · Cited by 175 · see citing works
Acute Hyperglycaemia and Oxidative Stress Generation
Ceriello, A. (1997) · Diabetic Medicine · doi:10.1002/(sici)1096-9136(199708)14:3+ · Cited by 174 · see citing works
Postprandial plasma lipid hydroperoxides: a possible link between diet and atherosclerosis
Ursini, F., Zamburlini, A., Cazzolato, G., Maiorino, M., Bon, G. B., & Sevanian, A. (1998) · Free Radical Biology and Medicine · doi:10.1016/s0891-5849(98)00044-6 · Cited by 172 · see citing works
Richard, M., Guiraud, P., Meo, J., & Favier, A. E. (1992) · Journal of Chromatography B Biomedical Sciences and Applications · doi:10.1016/0378-4347(92)80593-f · Cited by 139 · see citing works
Dietrich, M., Block, G., Hudes, M. L., Morrow, J. D., Norkus, E. P., Traber, M. G., Cross, C. E., & Packer, L. (2002) · PubMed · Cited by 132 · see citing works
Self-citationPlasma F2-Isoprostanes and Coronary Artery Calcification: The CARDIA Study
Gross, M., Steffes, M. W., Jacobs, D. R., Yu, X., Lewis, L., Lewis, C. E., & Loria, C. M. (2004) · Clinical Chemistry · doi:10.1373/clinchem.2004.037630 · Cited by 127 · see citing works
An improved method for the measurement of malondialdehyde in biological samples
Li, X., & Chow, C. K. (1994) · Lipids · doi:10.1007/bf02537094 · Cited by 93 · see citing works
Postprandial peaks as a risk factor for cardiovascular disease: epidemiological perspectives.
Bonora, E. (2002) · PubMed · Cited by 90 · see citing works
Dietrich, M., Block, G., Benowitz, N. L., Morrow, J. D., Hudes, M. L., Jacob, P., Norkus, E. P., & Packer, L. (2003) · Nutrition and Cancer · doi:10.1207/s15327914nc4502_06 · Cited by 75 · see citing works
Self-citationSolid-Phase Extraction in Malondialdehyde Analysis
Suttnar, J., Čermák, J., & Dyr, J. E. (1997) · Analytical Biochemistry · doi:10.1006/abio.1997.2157 · Cited by 74 · see citing works
Şahin, Ü., Unlu, M., F. Özgüner, Sütçü, R., Akkaya, A., & Delibaş, N. (2001) · Journal of Basic and Clinical Physiology and Pharmacology · doi:10.1515/jbcpp.2001.12.1.59 · Cited by 41 · see citing works
Antiobesity pharmacotherapy in the management of Type 2 diabetes
Scheen, A. J., & Lef�bvre, P. J. (2000) · Diabetes/Metabolism Research and Reviews · doi:10.1002/(sici)1520-7560(200003/04)16:2 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
Brand-Miller, J. C., Holt, S. H., & Petocz, P. (2003) · American Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1093/ajcn/77.4.994a · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Plasma concentrations of lipid peroxidation products in children with acute leukaemia.
Singh, V., Ghalaut, P. S., Kharb, S., et al. (2001) · PubMed · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Mendosa, R. (2003) · American Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1093/ajcn/77.4.994 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Salas-Huetos, A., Bulló, M., & Salas-Salvadó, J. (2017) · Human Reproduction Update · doi:10.1093/humupd/dmx006 · Cited by 491 · see citing works
Inflammation and cardiovascular disease: From mechanisms to therapeutics
Alfaddagh, A., Martin, S. S., Leucker, T. M., Michos, E. D., Blaha, M. J., Lowenstein, C. J., Jones, S. R., & Toth, P. P. (2020) · American Journal of Preventive Cardiology · doi:10.1016/j.ajpc.2020.100130 · Cited by 473 · see citing works
Willcox, D. C., Willcox, B. J., Todoriki, H., & Suzuki, M. (2009) · Journal of the American College of Nutrition · doi:10.1080/07315724.2009.10718117 · Cited by 311 · see citing works
Woelber, J. P., Bremer, K., Vach, K., König, D., Hellwig, E., Ratka-Krüger, P., Al-Ahmad, A., & Tennert, C. (2017) · BMC Oral Health · doi:10.1186/s12903-016-0257-1 · Cited by 216 · see citing works
Dickinson, S., Hancock, D. P., Petocz, P., Ceriello, A., & Brand-Miller, J. (2008) · The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1093/ajcn/87.5.1188 · Cited by 184 · see citing works
Barrea, L., Marzullo, P., Muscogiuri, G., Di Somma, C., Scacchi, M., Orio, F., Aimaretti, G., Colao, A., & Savastano, S. (2018) · Nutrition Research Reviews · doi:10.1017/s0954422418000136 · Cited by 171 · see citing works
Mirrahimi, A., de Souza, R. J., Chiavaroli, L., Sievenpiper, J. L., Beyene, J., Hanley, A. J., Augustin, L. S. A., Kendall, C. W. C., & Jenkins, D. J. A. (2012) · Journal of the American Heart Association · doi:10.1161/jaha.112.000752 · Cited by 161 · see citing works
“Because no studies have a time frame shorter than 6 years, it is not possible to determine whether the effect is early, possibly from alterations in clotting factors,(60) or later due to reduction in the rate of atheroma formation secondary to oxidative damage.(61) An earlier meta-analysis that assessed the effect of…”
BackgroundScribner, K. B., Pawlak, D. B., Aubin, C. M., Majzoub, J. A., & Ludwig, D. S. (2008) · American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism · doi:10.1152/ajpendo.90487.2008 · Cited by 66 · see citing works
Botero, D., Ebbeling, C. B., Blumberg, J. B., Ribaya‐Mercado, J. D., Creager, M. A., Swain, J. F., Feldman, H. A., & Ludwig, D. S. (2009) · Obesity · doi:10.1038/oby.2009.203 · Cited by 60 · see citing works
“(36) who identified associations between dietary GI and markers of oxidative stress among 292 healthy adults.”
BackgroundControlling the delivery of glucose in foods
Zhang, G., Ao, Z., & Hamaker, B. R. (2009) · Designing Functional Foods · doi:10.1533/9781845696603.3.547 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
- Authors
- Hu, Y., Block, G., Norkus, E. P., Morrow, J. D., Dietrich, M., & Hudes, M.
- Affiliations
- Tufts University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Block, Gladys
- Venue
- The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2006-07
- Volume
- 84
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 70-76
- ISSN
- 0002-9165 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W1895811286
- Cited by
- 154
- References
- 42
- Citations by year
- 2026: 7 · 2025: 6 · 2024: 8 · 2023: 6 · 2022: 4 · 2021: 6 · 2020: 8 · 2019: 9 · 2018: 6 · 2017: 7 · 2016: 8 · 2015: 5 · 2014: 11 · 2013: 6 · 2012: 14
- FWCI
- 5.84
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- American Journal of Clinical Nutrition (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute on Drug Abuse (DA9561)
- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (P30ES001896, P30-ES01896)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Biochemistry › Antioxidant Activity and Oxidative Stress
- Health Sciences › Nursing › Nutrition and Dietetics › Food composition and properties
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Nutritional Studies and Diet
- Keywords
- glycemic index, glycemic load, oxidative stress, lipid peroxidation, malondialdehyde, F2-isoprostanes, free radical generation, hyperglycemia, body mass index, low glycemic index diet
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Cross-Sectional Studies, Dietary Carbohydrates, Dose-Response Relationship, Drug, Female, Humans, Male, Malondialdehyde, Middle Aged, Surveys and Questionnaires, Regression Analysis, Smoking, Tobacco Smoke Pollution, Lipid Peroxidation, Cohort Studies, Body Mass Index, Multivariate Analysis, Oxidative Stress, F2-Isoprostanes, Glycemic Index
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
