Fear extinction requires infralimbic cortex projections to the basolateral amygdala
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Abstract
Fear extinction involves the formation of a new memory trace that attenuates fear responses to a conditioned aversive memory, and extinction impairments are implicated in trauma- and stress-related disorders. Previous studies in rodents have found that the infralimbic prefrontal cortex (IL) and its glutamatergic projections to the basolateral amygdala (BLA) and basomedial amygdala (BMA) instruct the formation of fear extinction memories. However, it is unclear whether these pathways are exclusively involved in extinction, or whether other major targets of the IL, such as the nucleus accumbens (NAc) also play a role. To address this outstanding issue, the current study employed a combination of electrophysiological and chemogenetic approaches in mice to interrogate the role of IL-BLA and IL-NAc pathways in extinction. Specifically, we used patch-clamp electrophysiology coupled with retrograde tracing to examine changes in neuronal activity of the IL and prelimbic cortex (PL) projections to both the BLA and NAc following fear extinction. We found that extinction produced a significant increase in the intrinsic excitability of IL-BLA projection neurons, while extinction appeared to reverse fear-induced changes in IL-NAc projection neurons. To establish a causal counterpart to these observations, we then used a pathway-specific Designer Receptors Exclusively Activated by Designer Drugs (DREADD) strategy to selectively inhibit PFC-BLA projection neurons during extinction acquisition. Using this approach, we found that DREADD-mediated inhibition of PFC-BLA neurons during extinction acquisition impaired subsequent extinction retrieval. Taken together, our findings provide further evidence for a critical contribution of the IL-BLA neural circuit to fear extinction.
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Chemogenetic inhibition of PFC neurons projecting to the amygdala is sufficient to impair fear extinction learning.
“Chemogenetic inhibition of PFC neurons projecting to the amygdala is sufficient to impair fear extinction learning (184).”
From Psychedelics and Other Psychoplastogens for Treating Mental Illness. (2021) · cites this paper as [184]
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- Authors
- Bloodgood, D. W., Sugam, J. A., Holmes, A., & Kash, T. L.
- Affiliations
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (US)
- National Institutes of Health (US)
- Corresponding author
- Kash, Thomas L.
- Venue
- Translational Psychiatry
- Published
- 2018-03-06
- Volume
- 8
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 60-60
- ISSN
- 2158-3188 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC5838104
- OpenAlex
- W2952322062
- Cited by
- 229
- References
- 35
- Citations by year
- 2026: 10 · 2025: 33 · 2024: 26 · 2023: 39 · 2022: 28 · 2021: 30 · 2020: 30 · 2019: 23 · 2018: 10
- FWCI
- 13.85
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Locations
- Translational Psychiatry (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion)
- Minerva Access (University of Melbourne) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Funders
- National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (F31AA025835, R01AA019454, U01AA020911)
- National Institute of Mental Health (U01MH105892)
- National Institute on Drug Abuse (T32DA007244)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Memory and Neural Mechanisms
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neuroscience and Neuropharmacology Research
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior
- Keywords
- fear extinction, infralimbic cortex, basolateral amygdala, nucleus accumbens, prelimbic cortex, glutamatergic projections, intrinsic excitability, memory extinction, extinction retrieval, trauma and stress-related disorders, chemogenetic inhibition, DREADD
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Extinction, Psychological, Fear, Male, Mice, Inbred C57BL, Neural Pathways, Neurons, Nucleus Accumbens, Prefrontal Cortex, Patch-Clamp Techniques, Mice, Electrophysiological Phenomena, Basolateral Nuclear Complex
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