Linking Social Cognition to Learning and Memory
Open accessAbstract
Many mammals have evolved to be social creatures. In humans, the ability to learn from others' experiences is essential to survival; and from an early age, individuals are surrounded by a social environment that helps them develop a variety of skills, such as walking, talking, and avoiding danger. Similarly, in rodents, behaviors, such as food preference, exploration of novel contexts, and social approach, can be learned through social interaction. Social encounters facilitate new learning and help modify preexisting memories throughout the lifespan of an organism. Moreover, social encounters can help buffer stress or the effects of negative memories, as well as extinguish maladaptive behaviors. Given the importance of such interactions, there has been increasing work studying social learning and applying its concepts in a wide range of fields, including psychotherapy and medical sociology. The process of social learning, including its neural and behavioral mechanisms, has also been a rapidly growing field of interest in neuroscience. However, the term “social learning” has been loosely applied to a variety of psychological phenomena, often without clear definition or delineations. Therefore, this review gives a definition for specific aspects of social learning, provides an overview of previous work at the circuit, systems, and behavioral levels, and finally, introduces new findings on the social modulation of learning. We contextualize such social processes in the brain both through the role of the hippocampus and its capacity to process “social engrams” as well as through the brainwide realization of social experiences. With the integration of new technologies, such as optogenetics, chemogenetics, and calcium imaging, manipulating social engrams will likely offer a novel therapeutic target to enhance the positive buffering effects of social experiences or to inhibit fear-inducing social stimuli in models of anxiety and post-traumatic stress disorder.
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Prior experience of the unconditioned stimuli by the observer differentially impacts the effectiveness of the social transfer of fear in mice versus rats.
“For example, prior experience of the unconditioned stimuli by the observer differentially impacts the effectiveness of the social transfer of fear in mice versus rats [106].”
From Neural circuits regulating prosocial behaviors (2023) · cites this paper as [106]
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Miconazole Promotes Cooperative Ability of a Mouse Model of Alzheimer Disease
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Synaptic pruning during adolescence shapes adult social behavior in both males and females
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Cerebellum, Embodied Emotions, and Psychological Traits
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Experience-Regulated Neuronal Signaling in Maternal Behavior
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Introduction to the special issue on the ontogeny of hippocampal functions
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Inhibition of CXCR4: A perspective on miracle fruit seed for Alzheimer's disease treatment
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Social processes and social environment during development
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Mice lacking acid-sensing ion channel 2 in the medial prefrontal cortex exhibit social dominance
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Unlocking NAC’s potential ATF4 and m6A dynamics in rescuing cognitive impairments in PTSD
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High Morphine Use Disorder Susceptibility Is Predicted by Impaired Learning Ability in Mice
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Rank labels scaffold social cognitive maps in the hippocampal-entorhinal system
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Backtracking α-synuclein pathology: social deficits precede motor symptoms in Parkinson’s disease
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Social Reactivation of Fear Engrams Enhances Memory RecallPreprint
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Self-citationClinical, scientific and stakeholders’ caring about identity perturbations
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The Application and Challenge of Non-Human Primate Experimental Animals in the Field of Neuroscience
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Role of the Hippocampus in Cognition
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- Authors
- Leblanc, H., & Ramirez, S.
- Affiliations
- Boston University (US)
- ORCID
- Ramirez, Steve
- Venue
- The Journal of Neuroscience
- Publisher
- Society for Neuroscience
- Published
- 2020-11-11
- Volume
- 40
- Issue
- 46
- Pages
- 8782-8798
- ISSN
- 0270-6474 (ISSN-L)
- 1529-2401
- PMC
- PMC7659449
- OpenAlex
- W3101659541
- Cited by
- 69
- References
- 226
- Citations by year
- 2026: 6 · 2025: 20 · 2024: 18 · 2023: 7 · 2022: 14 · 2021: 4
- FWCI
- 0.84
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Journal of Neuroscience (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-sa)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- HHS | NIH | NIH Office of the Director
- McKnight Endowment Fund for Neuroscience
- Brain and Behavior Research Foundation
- Ludwig Family Foundation
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Memory and Neural Mechanisms
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Neuroendocrine regulation and behavior
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neuroscience and Neuropharmacology Research
- Keywords
- social learning, social cognition, hippocampus, memory modulation, social buffering, anxiety, post-traumatic stress disorder, social interaction
- MeSH terms
- Social Cognition, Animals, Humans, Learning, Memory, Social Behavior, Optogenetics
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