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Anxious to see you: Neuroendocrine mechanisms of social vigilance and anxiety during adolescence

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Wright, Emily C., Hostinar, Camelia E., Trainor, Brian C.·2020·European Journal of Neuroscience
DOI 10.1111/ejn.14628PMC PMC7255921
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Abstract

Social vigilance is a behavioral strategy commonly used in adverse or changing social environments. In animals, a combination of avoidance and vigilance allows an individual to evade potentially dangerous confrontations while monitoring the social environment to identify favorable changes. However, prolonged use of this behavioral strategy in humans is associated with increased risk of anxiety disorders, a major burden for human health. Elucidating the mechanisms of social vigilance in animals could provide important clues for new treatment strategies for social anxiety. Importantly, during adolescence the prevalence of social anxiety increases significantly. We hypothesize that many of the actions typically characterized as anxiety behaviors begin to emerge during this time as strategies for navigating more complex social structures. Here, we consider how the social environment and the pubertal transition shape neural circuits that modulate social vigilance, focusing on the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis and prefrontal cortex. The emergence of gonadal hormone secretion during adolescence has important effects on the function and structure of these circuits, and may play a role in the emergence of a notable sex difference in anxiety rates across adolescence. However, the significance of these changes in the context of anxiety is still uncertain, as not enough studies are sufficiently powered to evaluate sex as a biological variable. We conclude that greater integration between human and animal models will aid the development of more effective strategies for treating social anxiety.

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  • Sex differences in stress sensitivity emerge at puberty in humans and other animals, coinciding with an increased incidence of anxiety in women.

    “Sex differences in stress sensitivity emerge at puberty in both humans (63, 64) and other animals (20–22), coinciding with an increased incidence of anxiety in women (10, 12, 14, 15).”

    From Sexual differentiation of neural mechanisms of stress sensitivity during puberty (2023) · cites this paper as [64]

    The Introduction (page not supplied) says that sex differences in social-anxiety prevalence emerge during human adolescence and discusses pubertal changes that may affect susceptibility. It does not establish that sex differences in stress sensitivity emerge specifically at puberty in both humans and other animals; the Conclusions (page not supplied) describe adolescent sex differences in animal models as an understudied area. (LLM, conf=0.83)

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Cited by

Sorted by citations

Authors
Wright, E. C., Hostinar, C. E., & Trainor, B. C.
Affiliations
University of California, Davis (US)
Corresponding author
Trainor, Brian C.
ORCID
Venue
European Journal of Neuroscience
Publisher
Wiley
Published
2019-12-20
Volume
52
Issue
1
Pages
2516-2529
ISSN
  • 0953-816X (ISSN-L)
  • 1460-9568
DOI
10.1111/ejn.14628
PMC
PMC7255921
OpenAlex
W2989674455
Cited by
55
References
33
Citations by year
2026: 16 · 2025: 8 · 2024: 5 · 2023: 6 · 2022: 9 · 2021: 6 · 2020: 2 · 2019: 2 · 2017: 1
FWCI
5.97
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
onlinelibrary.wiley.com/termsAndConditions#vor (vor)
Locations
  • European Journal of Neuroscience (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
  • eScholarship (California Digital Library) (submittedVersion)
Funders
National Institutes of Health (R01 MH103322)
Topics
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Neuroendocrine regulation and behavior
  • Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior
  • Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Memory and Neural Mechanisms
Keywords
social vigilance, social anxiety, adolescence, pubertal transition, bed nucleus of the stria terminalis, prefrontal cortex, neuroendocrine mechanisms, gonadal hormones, sex differences in anxiety, avoidance behavior, social environment, anxiety disorders
MeSH terms
Adolescent, Animals, Anxiety, Anxiety Disorders, Fear, Female, Humans, Male, Septal Nuclei, Sex Characteristics, Prefrontal Cortex

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