Applications of machine learning in drug discovery and development
Open accessAbstract
Drug discovery and development pipelines are long, complex and depend on numerous factors. Machine learning (ML) approaches provide a set of tools that can improve discovery and decision making for well-specified questions with abundant, high-quality data. Opportunities to apply ML occur in all stages of drug discovery. Examples include target validation, identification of prognostic biomarkers and analysis of digital pathology data in clinical trials. Applications have ranged in context and methodology, with some approaches yielding accurate predictions and insights. The challenges of applying ML lie primarily with the lack of interpretability and repeatability of ML-generated results, which may limit their application. In all areas, systematic and comprehensive high-dimensional data still need to be generated. With ongoing efforts to tackle these issues, as well as increasing awareness of the factors needed to validate ML approaches, the application of ML can promote data-driven decision making and has the potential to speed up the process and reduce failure rates in drug discovery and development.
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The field of drug discovery is a pertinent example, with many tasks that could leverage multidimensional data including target identification and validation, prediction of drug interactions and prediction of side effects.
“The field of drug discovery is a pertinent example, with many tasks that could leverage multidimensional data including target identification and validation, prediction of drug interactions and prediction of side effects 177”
From Multimodal biomedical AI (2022) · cites this paper as [177]
The Target identification and validation section says multidimensional data can be used with ML to predict and validate drug targets. The Outlook also describes the potential to aid decisions about therapies’ side effects. The passages found do not establish prediction of drug interactions as a task, so that example is unsupported by our copy. (LLM, conf=0.84)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe impact of big data and AI in drug discovery continues to attract significant interest from investors, industrial and academic scientists, and legislators.
“The impact of big data and AI in drug discovery, the subject of a 2020 review in this journal (4), continues to attract significant interest: Investors (5, 6), industrial (7, 8) and academic scientists (9, 10), and legislators (https://bit.ly/40LRAip) discuss the impact of AI for drug discovery (AI4DD).”
From Artificial Intelligence for Drug Discovery: Are We There Yet? (2024) · cites this paper as [7]
One key challenge of using AI in drug discovery is the availability of suitable data.
“One of the key challenges is the availability of suitable data [40].”
From The role of AI in drug discovery: challenges, opportunities, and strategies (2023) · cites this paper as [40]
The ever-growing nature of chemical matter (in contrast to the finite number of genes) demands computational methods to provide a first estimate of the biological properties of compounds.
“The ever-growing nature of chemical matter (in contrast to the finite number of genes) demands computational methods to provide a first estimate of the biological properties of compounds41.”
From Bioactivity descriptors for uncharacterized chemical compounds (2021) · cites this paper as [41]
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- Authors
- Vamathevan, J., Clark, D., Czodrowski, P., Dunham, I., Ferran, E., Lee, G., Li, B., Madabhushi, A., Shah, P., Spitzer, M., & Zhao, S.
- Affiliations
- European Bioinformatics Institute (GB)
- TU Dortmund University (DE)
- Bristol-Myers Squibb (United States) (US)
- Louis Stokes Cleveland VA Medical Center (US)
- Merck Healthcare KGaA, Darmstadt (Germany) (DE)
- Pfizer (United States) (US)
- Corresponding author
- Vamathevan, Jessica
- ORCID
- Venue
- Nature Reviews Drug Discovery
- Published
- 2019-04-11
- Volume
- 18
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 463-477
- ISSN
- 1474-1776 (ISSN-L)
- 1474-1784
- PMC
- PMC6552674
- OpenAlex
- W2937307539
- Cited by
- 3,228
- References
- 115
- Citations by year
- 2026: 665 · 2025: 616 · 2024: 576 · 2023: 461 · 2022: 362 · 2021: 316 · 2020: 182 · 2019: 44 · 2013: 1 · 2012: 1
- FWCI
- 18.79
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Licence
- www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
- Locations
- Nature Reviews Drug Discovery (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs (I01 BX004121)
- National Cancer Institute (U24CA199374, R01CA216579, R01CA208236, R01CA202752, R01CA220581)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Computational Theory and Mathematics › Computational Drug Discovery Methods
- Physical Sciences › Materials Science › Materials Chemistry › Machine Learning in Materials Science
- Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Artificial Intelligence › Machine Learning in Healthcare
- Keywords
- machine learning, drug discovery, drug development, target validation, prognostic factors, digital pathology, clinical trials, interpretability, data-driven decision making, high-dimensional data
- MeSH terms
- Machine Learning, Animals, Humans, Drug Design, Neural Networks, Computer, Drug Discovery
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