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Cited by 897MicroRNA in disease regulationPlant Molecular Biology ResearchRNA Research and Splicing

microRNAs in action: biogenesis, function and regulation

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Shang, Renfu, Lee, Seungjae, Senavirathne, Gayan, Lai, Eric C.·2023·Nature Reviews Genetics
DOI 10.1038/s41576-023-00611-yPMC PMC11087887
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Abstract

Ever since microRNAs (miRNAs) were first recognized as an extensive gene family >20 years ago, a broad community of researchers was drawn to investigate the universe of small regulatory RNAs. Although core features of miRNA biogenesis and function were revealed early on, recent years continue to uncover fundamental information on the structural and molecular dynamics of core miRNA machinery, how miRNA substrates and targets are selected from the transcriptome, new avenues for multilevel regulation of miRNA biogenesis and mechanisms for miRNA turnover. Many of these latest insights were enabled by recent technological advances, including massively parallel assays, cryogenic electron microscopy, single-molecule imaging and CRISPR-Cas9 screening. Here, we summarize the current understanding of miRNA biogenesis, function and regulation, and outline challenges to address in the future.

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  • The canonical microRNA biogenesis pathway involves two sequential processing events catalyzed by RNase III enzymes: Drosha/DGCR8 cleaves primary microRNA transcripts to produce precursor microRNAs, which are exported to the cytoplasm where Dicer processes them into mature microRNAs.

    “The canonical microRNA biogenesis pathway involves two sequential processing events catalyzed by RNase III enzymes. In the nucleus, the microprocessor complex involving Drosha/DGCR8 cleaves primary microRNA transcripts (pri-miRs) to produce precursor microRNAs (pre-miRs), which are exported to the cytoplasm, where Dicer processes them into mature microRNAs that are eventually loaded into the RNA-”

    From ESRP2–microRNA-122 axis promotes the postnatal onset of liver polyploidization and maturation (2025) · cites this paper as Shang et al. 2023

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Cited by

Sorted by citations

Authors
Shang, R., Lee, S., Senavirathne, G., & Lai, E. C.
Affiliations
Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center (US)
Corresponding author
Lai, Eric C.
ORCID
Venue
Nature Reviews Genetics
Publisher
Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Published
2023-06-28
Volume
24
Issue
12
Pages
816-833
ISSN
  • 1471-0056 (ISSN-L)
  • 1471-0064
DOI
10.1038/s41576-023-00611-y
PMC
PMC11087887
OpenAlex
W4382400397
Cited by
897
References
6
Citations by year
2026: 241 · 2025: 396 · 2024: 233 · 2023: 27
FWCI
28.50
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
Locations
  • Nature Reviews Genetics (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
Funders
  • New York State Stem Cell Science (C32559GG)
  • National Institutes of Health (CA008748, R01-GM083300, 2r01gm083300-18)
  • National Cancer Institute (P30CA008748)
  • National Institute of General Medical Sciences (R01-GM083300)
Topics
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Cancer Research › MicroRNA in disease regulation
  • Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Plant Science › Plant Molecular Biology Research
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › RNA Research and Splicing
Keywords
microRNA, microRNA biogenesis, microRNA function, microRNA regulation, small regulatory RNAs, microRNA processing, CRISPR-Cas9 screen, cryo-electron microscopy, single-molecule imaging
MeSH terms
MicroRNAs, Transcriptome

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