The cGAS–STING pathway as a therapeutic target in inflammatory diseases

Cyclic GMP-AMP Synthase Is a Cytosolic DNA Sensor That Activates the Type I Interferon Pathway

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Mechanisms underlying inflammation in neurodegeneration

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STING is an endoplasmic reticulum adaptor that facilitates innate immune signalling

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Naturally occurring p16Ink4a-positive cells shorten healthy lifespan

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STING regulates intracellular DNA-mediated, type I interferon-dependent innate immunity

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Cyclic GMP-AMP Is an Endogenous Second Messenger in Innate Immune Signaling by Cytosolic DNA

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The role of senescent cells in ageing

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A diverse range of gene products are effectors of the type I interferon antiviral response

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Senolytics improve physical function and increase lifespan in old age

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STING-Dependent Cytosolic DNA Sensing Promotes Radiation-Induced Type I Interferon-Dependent Antitumor Immunity in Immunogenic Tumors

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Mitochondrial DNA stress primes the antiviral innate immune response

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Phosphorylation of innate immune adaptor proteins MAVS, STING, and TRIF induces IRF3 activation

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cGAS surveillance of micronuclei links genome instability to innate immunity

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CGAS produces a 2′-5′-linked cyclic dinucleotide second messenger that activates STING.

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Chromosomal instability drives metastasis through a cytosolic DNA response

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Neutrophil extracellular traps enriched in oxidized mitochondrial DNA are interferogenic and contribute to lupus-like disease

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Mitotic progression following DNA damage enables pattern recognition within micronuclei

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Activated STING in a Vascular and Pulmonary Syndrome

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Cytoplasmic chromatin triggers inflammation in senescence and cancer

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Senescent cells: an emerging target for diseases of ageing

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Trex1 prevents cell-intrinsic initiation of autoimmunity

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Autophagy induction via STING trafficking is a primordial function of the cGAS pathway

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L1 drives IFN in senescent cells and promotes age-associated inflammation

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Innate immune sensing of cytosolic chromatin fragments through cGAS promotes senescence

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Targeting STING with covalent small-molecule inhibitors

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Cyclic GMP-AMP Containing Mixed Phosphodiester Linkages Is An Endogenous High-Affinity Ligand for STING

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Cyclic [G(2′,5′)pA(3′,5′)p] is the metazoan second messenger produced by DNA-activated cyclic GMP-AMP synthase.

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Structural basis of STING binding with and phosphorylation by TBK1

Zhang, C., Shang, G., Gui, X., Zhang, X., Bai, X.-C., & Chen, Z. J. (2019) · Nature · doi:10.1038/s41586-019-1000-2 · Cited by 1,095

DNA-induced liquid phase condensation of cGAS activates innate immune signaling

Du, M., & Chen, Z. J. (2018) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.aat1022 · Cited by 1,089

cGAS in action: Expanding roles in immunity and inflammation

Ablasser, A., & Chen, Z. J. (2019) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.aat8657 · Cited by 1,077

BAK/BAX macropores facilitate mitochondrial herniation and mtDNA efflux during apoptosis

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TDP-43 Triggers Mitochondrial DNA Release via mPTP to Activate cGAS/STING in ALS

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cGAS is essential for cellular senescence

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Recognition of Cytosolic DNA Activates an IRF3-Dependent Innate Immune Response

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Effect of friction on oxidative graphite intercalation and high-quality graphene formation

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Apoptotic Caspases Suppress mtDNA-Induced STING-Mediated Type I IFN Production

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Carcinoma–astrocyte gap junctions promote brain metastasis by cGAMP transfer

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Aicardi–Goutières syndrome and the type I interferonopathies

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Structural mechanism of cytosolic DNA sensing by cGAS

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Design of amidobenzimidazole STING receptor agonists with systemic activity

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Atg9a controls dsDNA-driven dynamic translocation of STING and the innate immune response

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Apoptotic Caspases Prevent the Induction of Type I Interferons by Mitochondrial DNA

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Cryo-EM structures of STING reveal its mechanism of activation by cyclic GMP–AMP

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VDAC oligomers form mitochondrial pores to release mtDNA fragments and promote lupus-like disease

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The innate immune DNA Sensor cGAS produces a noncanonical cyclic dinucleotide that activates human STING.

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Activation of STING requires palmitoylation at the Golgi

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Mutations in the gene encoding the 3′-5′ DNA exonuclease TREX1 are associated with systemic lupus erythematosus

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DNA damage primes the type I interferon system via the cytosolic DNA sensor STING to promote anti-microbial innate immunity

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Cyclic Dinucleotides Trigger ULK1 (ATG1) Phosphorylation of STING to Prevent Sustained Innate Immune Signaling

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Activation of cyclic GMP-AMP synthase by self-DNA causes autoimmune diseases

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Cell intrinsic immunity spreads to bystander cells via the intercellular transfer of cGAMP

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Cyclic GMP-AMP Synthase Is Activated by Double-Stranded DNA-Induced Oligomerization

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Nuclear cGAS suppresses DNA repair and promotes tumorigenesis

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STING Activation by Translocation from the ER Is Associated with Infection and Autoinflammatory Disease

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The DNA Inflammasome in Human Myeloid Cells Is Initiated by a STING-Cell Death Program Upstream of NLRP3

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Structure-Function Analysis of STING Activation by c[G(2′,5′)pA(3′,5′)p] and Targeting by Antiviral DMXAA

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IRF3 and type I interferons fuel a fatal response to myocardial infarction

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T cells with dysfunctional mitochondria induce multimorbidity and premature senescence

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Inherited STING-activating mutation underlies a familial inflammatory syndrome with lupus-like manifestations

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Mitochondrial inner membrane permeabilisation enables mtDNA release during apoptosis

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Hydrolysis of 2′3′-cGAMP by ENPP1 and design of nonhydrolyzable analogs

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Lysosome-mediated processing of chromatin in senescence

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DNA released from dying host cells mediates aluminum adjuvant activity

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Cyclic GMP–AMP signalling protects bacteria against viral infection

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STING manifests self DNA-dependent inflammatory disease

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cGAS senses long and HMGB/TFAM-bound U-turn DNA by forming protein-DNA ladders

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Autoimmunity Initiates in Nonhematopoietic Cells and Progresses via Lymphocytes in an Interferon-Dependent Autoimmune Disease

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TBK1 and IKKε Act Redundantly to Mediate STING-Induced NF-κB Responses in Myeloid Cells

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The Cytosolic DNA Sensor cGAS Forms an Oligomeric Complex with DNA and Undergoes Switch-like Conformational Changes in the Activation Loop

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Signalling strength determines proapoptotic functions of STING

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Host STING-dependent MDSC mobilization drives extrinsic radiation resistance

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LINE1 Derepression in aged wild-type and SIRT6-deficient mice drives inflammation

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Attenuation of cGAS‐STING signaling is mediated by a p62/SQSTM1‐dependent autophagy pathway activated by TBK1

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Oxidative Damage of DNA Confers Resistance to Cytosolic Nuclease TREX1 Degradation and Potentiates STING-Dependent Immune Sensing

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Limited Mitochondrial Permeabilization Causes DNA Damage and Genomic Instability in the Absence of Cell Death

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Chronic polyarthritis caused by mammalian DNA that escapes from degradation in macrophages

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SAMHD1 acts at stalled replication forks to prevent interferon induction

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STING-IRF3 pathway links endoplasmic reticulum stress with hepatocyte apoptosis in early alcoholic liver disease

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A conserved PLPLRT/SD motif of STING mediates the recruitment and activation of TBK1

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Inflammation-driven carcinogenesis is mediated through STING

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Assessment of interferon-related biomarkers in Aicardi-Goutières syndrome associated with mutations in TREX1, RNASEH2A, RNASEH2B, RNASEH2C, SAMHD1, and ADAR: a case-control study

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STING directly activates autophagy to tune the innate immune response

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Autophagic cell death restricts chromosomal instability during replicative crisis

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STING Polymer Structure Reveals Mechanisms for Activation, Hyperactivation, and Inhibition

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The Cytoplasmic DNA Sensor cGAS Promotes Mitotic Cell Death

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Blockade of the Phagocytic Receptor MerTK on Tumor-Associated Macrophages Enhances P2X7R-Dependent STING Activation by Tumor-Derived cGAMP

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Structure of Human cGAS Reveals a Conserved Family of Second-Messenger Enzymes in Innate Immunity

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The Ca2+ sensor STIM1 regulates the type I interferon response by retaining the signaling adaptor STING at the endoplasmic reticulum

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Dengue virus NS2B protein targets cGAS for degradation and prevents mitochondrial DNA sensing during infection

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STING-mediated inflammation in Kupffer cells contributes to progression of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis

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COPA mutations impair ER-Golgi transport and cause hereditary autoimmune-mediated lung disease and arthritis

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Small molecule inhibition of cGAS reduces interferon expression in primary macrophages from autoimmune mice

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Structure of the Human cGAS–DNA Complex Reveals Enhanced Control of Immune Surveillance

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Cutting Edge: cGAS Is Required for Lethal Autoimmune Disease in the Trex1-Deficient Mouse Model of Aicardi–Goutières Syndrome

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SLC19A1 transports immunoreactive cyclic dinucleotides.

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Interferon-Independent Activities of Mammalian STING Mediate Antiviral Response and Tumor Immune Evasion

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STING cyclic dinucleotide sensing originated in bacteria

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Cutting Edge: Activation of STING in T Cells Induces Type I IFN Responses and Cell Death

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Lethal anemia caused by interferon-β produced in mouse embryos carrying undigested DNA

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An Activity-Guided Map of Electrophile-Cysteine Interactions in Primary Human T Cells

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Transmission of innate immune signaling by packaging of cGAMP in viral particles

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Regulation of cGAS- and RLR-mediated immunity to nucleic acids

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Apoptotic Caspases Suppress Type I Interferon Production via the Cleavage of cGAS, MAVS, and IRF3

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Trafficking-Mediated STING Degradation Requires Sorting to Acidified Endolysosomes and Can Be Targeted to Enhance Anti-tumor Response

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LC3-Associated Phagocytosis in Myeloid Cells Promotes Tumor Immune Tolerance

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SLC19A1 is an importer of the immunotransmitter cGAMP.

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Modeling of TREX1-dependent autoimmune disease using human stem cells highlights L1 accumulation as a source of neuroinflammation

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Interleukin-1β Induces mtDNA Release to Activate Innate Immune Signaling via cGAS-STING

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cGAS is activated by DNA in a length‐dependent manner

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Structure of STING bound to cyclic di-GMP reveals the mechanism of cyclic dinucleotide recognition by the immune system

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Agonist-Mediated Activation of STING Induces Apoptosis in Malignant B Cells

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Apoptosis-derived membrane vesicles drive the cGAS–STING pathway and enhance type I IFN production in systemic lupus erythematosus

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Nitro-fatty acids are formed in response to virus infection and are potent inhibitors of STING palmitoylation and signaling

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Familial chilblain lupus due to a gain-of-function mutation in STING

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Intrinsic antiproliferative activity of the innate sensor STING in T lymphocytes

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Development of human cGAS-specific small-molecule inhibitors for repression of dsDNA-triggered interferon expression

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Tight nuclear tethering of cGAS is essential for preventing autoreactivity

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Cancer-Cell-Intrinsic cGAS Expression Mediates Tumor Immunogenicity

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C9orf72 in myeloid cells suppresses STING-induced inflammation

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Transfer of cGAMP into Bystander Cells via LRRC8 Volume-Regulated Anion Channels Augments STING-Mediated Interferon Responses and Anti-viral Immunity

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Evaluation of the TREX1 gene in a large multi-ancestral lupus cohort

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cGAS drives noncanonical-inflammasome activation in age-related macular degeneration

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STING-dependent sensing of self-DNA drives silica-induced lung inflammation

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Inhibition of double‐strand DNA‐sensing cGAS ameliorates brain injury after ischemic stroke

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Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms of Human STING Can Affect Innate Immune Response to Cyclic Dinucleotides

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Evolutionary Origins of cGAS-STING Signaling

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The Cyclopeptide Astin C Specifically Inhibits the Innate Immune CDN Sensor STING

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Non-canonical NF-κB Antagonizes STING Sensor-Mediated DNA Sensing in Radiotherapy

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cGAS-mediated stabilization of IFI16 promotes innate signaling during herpes simplex virus infection

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Cytosolic DNA Sensing Promotes Macrophage Transformation and Governs Myocardial Ischemic Injury

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Structural mechanism of cGAS inhibition by the nucleosome

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Viruses transfer the antiviral second messenger cGAMP between cells

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The molecular basis of tight nuclear tethering and inactivation of cGAS

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Ancient Origin of cGAS-STING Reveals Mechanism of Universal 2′,3′ cGAMP Signaling

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The N-Terminal Domain of cGAS Determines Preferential Association with Centromeric DNA and Innate Immune Activation in the Nucleus

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Structural basis for sequestration and autoinhibition of cGAS by chromatin

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Challenges and Opportunities in the Clinical Development of STING Agonists for Cancer Immunotherapy

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Ribonuclease H2 mutations induce a cGAS/STING‐dependent innate immune response

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RNase H2 catalytic core Aicardi-Goutières syndrome–related mutant invokes cGAS–STING innate immune-sensing pathway in mice

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Crystal structures of STING protein reveal basis for recognition of cyclic di-GMP

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Cutting Edge: Antimalarial Drugs Inhibit IFN-β Production through Blockade of Cyclic GMP-AMP Synthase–DNA Interaction

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Structural basis for the inhibition of cGAS by nucleosomes

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Repetitive Elements in Mammalian Telomeres Suppress Bacterial DNA-Induced Immune Activation

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Type I interferon-mediated autoinflammation due to DNase II deficiency

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Structural basis of nucleosome-dependent cGAS inhibition

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Modular Architecture of the STING C-Terminal Tail Allows Interferon and NF-κB Signaling Adaptation

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Mutations in COPA lead to abnormal trafficking of STING to the Golgi and interferon signaling

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STING Signaling Promotes Inflammation in Experimental Acute Pancreatitis

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The structural basis for the sensing and binding of cyclic di-GMP by STING

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Human cGAS catalytic domain has an additional DNA-binding interface that enhances enzymatic activity and liquid-phase condensation

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A defect in COPI-mediated transport of STING causes immune dysregulation in COPA syndrome

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STING-associated vasculopathy develops independently of IRF3 in mice

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BAF restricts cGAS on nuclear DNA to prevent innate immune activation

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Disease-associated mutations identify a novel region in human STING necessary for the control of type I interferon signaling

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Expression of Cyclic GMP‐AMP Synthase in Patients With Systemic Lupus Erythematosus

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Copa Syndrome: a Novel Autosomal Dominant Immune Dysregulatory Disease

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Intracellular Nucleic Acid Sensing Triggers Necroptosis through Synergistic Type I IFN and TNF Signaling

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Expression of Long Interspersed Nuclear Element 1 Retroelements and Induction of Type I Interferon in Patients With Systemic Autoimmune Disease

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Extrinsic Phagocyte-Dependent STING Signaling Dictates the Immunogenicity of Dying Cells

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cGAS-mediated induction of type I interferon due to inborn errors of histone pre-mRNA processing

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Discovery of a Novel cGAMP Competitive Ligand of the Inactive Form of STING

Siu, T., Altman, M. D., Baltus, G. A., Childers, M., Ellis, J. M., Günaydin, H., Hatch, H., Ho, T., Jewell, J. P., Lacey, B. M., et al. (2018) · ACS Medicinal Chemistry Letters · doi:10.1021/acsmedchemlett.8b00466 · Cited by 189

STEEP mediates STING ER exit and activation of signaling

Zhang, B., Nandakumar, R., Reinert, L. S., Huang, J., Laustsen, A., Gao, Z., Sun, C.-L., Jensen, S. B., Troldborg, A., Assil, S., et al. (2020) · Nature Immunology · doi:10.1038/s41590-020-0730-5 · Cited by 184

The Mechanism for Type I Interferon Induction by Mycobacterium tuberculosis is Bacterial Strain-Dependent

Wiens, K. E., & Ernst, J. (2016) · PLoS Pathogens · doi:10.1371/journal.ppat.1005809 · Cited by 176

Netting Neutrophils Activate Autoreactive B Cells in Lupus

Gestermann, N., Domizio, J. D., Lande, R., Demaria, O., Frasca, L., Feldmeyer, L., Lucca, J. D., & Gilliet, M. F. (2018) · The Journal of Immunology · doi:10.4049/jimmunol.1700778 · Cited by 176

Interferon-independent STING signaling promotes resistance to HSV-1 in vivo

Yamashiro, L. H., Wilson, S. C., Morrison, H. M., Karalis, V., Chung, J.-Y., Chen, K. J., Bateup, H. S., SZPARA, M. L., Lee, A. Y., Cox, J. S., et al. (2020) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-020-17156-x · Cited by 176

Discovery of PF-06928215 as a high affinity inhibitor of cGAS enabled by a novel fluorescence polarization assay

Hall, J., Brault, A. L., Vincent, F., Weng, S., Wang, H., Dumlao, D. S., AULABAUGH, A. E., Aivazian, D., Castro, D., Chen, M., et al. (2017) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0184843 · Cited by 174

Suppression of systemic autoimmunity by the innate immune adaptor STING

Sharma, S., Campbell, A. M., Chan, J., Schattgen, S., Orlowski, G. M., Nayar, R., Huyler, A. H., Nündel, K., Mohan, C., Berg, L. J., et al. (2015) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1420217112 · Cited by 172

STING-mediated type-I interferons contribute to the neuroinflammatory process and detrimental effects following traumatic brain injury

Abdullah, A. D. I., Zhang, M., Frugier, T., Bedoui, S., Taylor, J. M., & Crack, P. J. (2018) · Journal of Neuroinflammation · doi:10.1186/s12974-018-1354-7 · Cited by 171

Cutting Edge: STING Mediates Protection against Colorectal Tumorigenesis by Governing the Magnitude of Intestinal Inflammation

Zhu, Q., Man, S. M., Gurung, P., Liu, Z., Vogel, P., Lamkanfi, M., & Kanneganti, T. (2014) · The Journal of Immunology · doi:10.4049/jimmunol.1402051 · Cited by 157

Cyclic GMP-AMP synthase promotes the inflammatory and autophagy responses in Huntington disease

Sharma, M., Rajendrarao, S., Shahani, N., Ramírez-Jarquín, U. N., & Subramaniam, S. (2020) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.2002144117 · Cited by 155

Beyond DNA binding - a review of the potential mechanisms mediating quinacrine's therapeutic activities in parasitic infections, inflammation, and cancers

Ehsanian, R., Waes, C. V., & Feller, S. M. (2011) · Cell Communication and Signaling · doi:10.1186/1478-811x-9-13 · Cited by 150

Antimalarial Drugs as Immune Modulators: New Mechanisms for Old Drugs

An, J., Minie, M., Sasaki, T., Woodward, J. J., & Elkon, K. B. (2016) · Annual Review of Medicine · doi:10.1146/annurev-med-043015-123453 · Cited by 149

Mitochondrial DNA stress signalling protects the nuclear genome

Wu, Z., Oeck, S., West, A. P., Mangalhara, K. C., Sainz, A. G., Newman, L. E., Zhang, X.-O., Wu, L., Yan, Q., Bosenberg, M., et al. (2019) · Nature Metabolism · doi:10.1038/s42255-019-0150-8 · Cited by 147

TMEM173 variants and potential importance to human biology and disease

Patel, S., & Jin, L. (2018) · Genes and Immunity · doi:10.1038/s41435-018-0029-9 · Cited by 146

Suramin Potently Inhibits cGAMP Synthase, cGAS, in THP1 Cells to Modulate IFN-β Levels

Wang, M., Sooreshjani, M. A., Mikek, C. G., Opoku‐Temeng, C., & Sintim, H. O. (2018) · Future Medicinal Chemistry · doi:10.4155/fmc-2017-0322 · Cited by 144

Hierarchy of clinical manifestations in SAVI N153S and V154M mouse models

Motwani, M., Pawaria, S., Bernier, J., Moses, S., Henry, K. L., Fang, T., Burkly, L. C., Marshak‐Rothstein, A., & Fitzgerald, K. A. (2019) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1818281116 · Cited by 144

Self-Awareness: Nucleic Acid–Driven Inflammation and the Type I Interferonopathies

Uggenti, C., Lepelley, A., & Crow, Y. J. (2019) · Annual Review of Immunology · doi:10.1146/annurev-immunol-042718-041257 · Cited by 142

Inhibition of Cyclic GMP ‐ AMP Synthase Using a Novel Antimalarial Drug Derivative in Trex1 ‐Deficient Mice

An, J., Woodward, J. J., Lai, W., Minie, M., Sun, X., Tanaka, L., Snyder, J. M., Sasaki, T., & Elkon, K. B. (2018) · Arthritis & Rheumatology · doi:10.1002/art.40559 · Cited by 135

Chronic neurodegeneration induces type I interferon synthesis via STING, shaping microglial phenotype and accelerating disease progression

Nazmi, A., Field, R. H., Griffin, É. W., Haugh, O., Hennessy, E., Cox, D. J., dos Reis, R. R., Tortorelli, L. S., Murray, C., López-Rodríguez, A. B., et al. (2019) · Glia · doi:10.1002/glia.23592 · Cited by 133

ALK is a therapeutic target for lethal sepsis

Zeng, L., Kang, R., Zhu, S., Wang, X., Cao, L., Wang, H., Billiar, T. R., Jiang, J., & Tang, D. (2017) · Science Translational Medicine · doi:10.1126/scitranslmed.aan5689 · Cited by 126

Pro-inflammation Associated with a Gain-of-Function Mutation (R284S) in the Innate Immune Sensor STING

Konno, H., Chinn, I. K., Hong, D. N., Orange, J. S., Lupski, J. R., Mendoza, A., Pedroza, L. A., & Barber, G. N. (2018) · Cell Reports · doi:10.1016/j.celrep.2018.03.115 · Cited by 118

A Mutation Outside the Dimerization Domain Causing Atypical STING-Associated Vasculopathy With Onset in Infancy

Saldanha, R. G., Balka, K. R., Davidson, S., Wainstein, B. K., Wong, M., Macintosh, R., Loo, C. K. C., Weber, M. A., Kamath, V., CIRCA, et al. (2018) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2018.01535 · Cited by 117

Synthetic oligodeoxynucleotides containing suppressive TTAGGG motifs inhibit AIM2 inflammasome activation

Kaminski, J. J., Schattgen, S. A., Tzeng, T.-C., Bode, C., Klinman, D. M., & Fitzgerald, K. A. (2013) · The Journal of Immunology · doi:10.4049/jimmunol.1300530 · Cited by 112

Suppressive oligodeoxynucleotides containing TTAGGG motifs inhibit cGAS activation in human monocytes

Steinhagen, F., Zillinger, T., Peukert, K., Fox, M., Thudium, M., Barchet, W., Putensen, C., Klinman, D., Latz, E., & Bode, C. (2018) · European Journal of Immunology · doi:10.1002/eji.201747338 · Cited by 112

Roles of the cGAS-STING Pathway in Cancer Immunosurveillance and Immunotherapy

Yum, S., Li, M., Frankel, A. E., & Chen, Z. J. (2019) · Annual Review of Cancer Biology · doi:10.1146/annurev-cancerbio-030518-055636 · Cited by 109

Severe combined immunodeficiency in stimulator of interferon genes (STING) V154M/wild-type mice

Bouis, D., Kirstetter, P., Arbogast, F., Lamon, D., Delgado, V., Jung, S., Ebel, C., Jacobs, H., Knapp, A., Jeremiah, N., et al. (2018) · Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology · doi:10.1016/j.jaci.2018.04.034 · Cited by 107

Cytosolic DNA sensor cGAS plays an essential pathogenetic role in pressure overload-induced heart failure

Hu, D., Cui, Y.-X., Wu, M., Li, L., Su, L., Lian, Z., & Chen, H. (2020) · American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology · doi:10.1152/ajpheart.00097.2020 · Cited by 106

cGAS and CD-NTase enzymes: structure, mechanism, and evolution

Kranzusch, P. J. (2019) · Current Opinion in Structural Biology · doi:10.1016/j.sbi.2019.08.003 · Cited by 95

STING Mediates Lupus via the Activation of Conventional Dendritic Cell Maturation and Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cell Differentiation

Thim-uam, A., Prabakaran, T., Tansakul, M., Makjaroen, J., Wongkongkathep, P., Chantaravisoot, N., Saethang, T., Leelahavanichkul, A., Benjachat, T., Paludan, S. R., et al. (2020) · iScience · doi:10.1016/j.isci.2020.101530 · Cited by 95

Discovery of Small-Molecule Cyclic GMP-AMP Synthase Inhibitors

Padilla‐Salinas, R., Sun, L., Anderson, R. L., Yang, X., Zhang, S., Chen, Z. J., & Yin, H. H. (2019) · The Journal of Organic Chemistry · doi:10.1021/acs.joc.9b02666 · Cited by 93

Hepatic gap junctions amplify alcohol liver injury by propagating cGAS-mediated IRF3 activation

Luther, J., Khan, S. K., Gala, M. K., Kedrin, D., Sridharan, G. V., Goodman, R. P., Garber, J. J., Masia, R., Diagacomo, E., Adams, D. J., et al. (2020) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1911870117 · Cited by 88

A novel STING1 variant causes a recessive form of STING-associated vasculopathy with onset in infancy (SAVI)

Lin, B., Berard, R. A., Rasheed, A. A., Al‐Adba, B., Kranzusch, P. J., Henderlight, M., Grom, A., Kahle, D., Torreggiani, S., Aue, A. G., et al. (2020) · Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology · doi:10.1016/j.jaci.2020.06.032 · Cited by 87

Accumulation of cytosolic dsDNA contributes to fibroblast-like synoviocytes-mediated rheumatoid arthritis synovial inflammation

Wang, J., Li, R., Lin, H., Qiu, Q., Lao, M., Zeng, S., Wang, C., Xu, S., Zou, Y., Shi, M., et al. (2019) · International Immunopharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.intimp.2019.105791 · Cited by 85

Structure of the C9orf72 ARF GAP complex that is haploinsufficient in ALS and FTD

Su, M.-Y., Fromm, S. A., Zoncu, R., & Hurley, J. H. (2020) · Nature · doi:10.1038/s41586-020-2633-x · Cited by 83

Novel TMEM173 Mutation and the Role of Disease Modifying Alleles

Keskitalo, S., Haapaniemi, E. M., Einarsdóttir, E., Rajamäki, K., Heikkilä, H., Ilander, M. M., Pöyhönen, M., Morgunova, E. Y., Hokynar, K., Lagström, S., et al. (2019) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2019.02770 · Cited by 75

STING and TRIF Contribute to Mouse Sepsis, Depending on Severity of the Disease Model

Heipertz, E. L., Harper, J., & Walker, W. E. (2016) · Shock · doi:10.1097/shk.0000000000000771 · Cited by 74

The Common R71H-G230A-R293Q Human TMEM173 Is a Null Allele

Patel, S., Blaauboer, S. M., Tucker, H. R., Mansouri, S., Ruiz-Moreno, J. S., Hamann, L., Schumann, R. R., Opitz, B., & Jin, L. (2016) · The Journal of Immunology · doi:10.4049/jimmunol.1601585 · Cited by 73

Role of neuroinflammation in neurodegeneration development

Zhang, W., Xiao, D., Mao, Q., & Xia, H. (2023) · Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy · doi:10.1038/s41392-023-01486-5 · Cited by 1,668

Microbiota–gut–brain axis and its therapeutic applications in neurodegenerative diseases

Loh, J. S., Mak, W. Q., Tan, L. K. S., Ng, C. X., Chan, H. H., Yeow, S. H., Foo, J. B., Ong, Y. S., How, C. W., & Khaw, K. Y. (2024) · Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy · doi:10.1038/s41392-024-01743-1 · Cited by 1,193

Cellular senescence and senolytics: the path to the clinic

Chaib, S., Tchkonia, T., & Kirkland, J. L. (2022) · Nature Medicine · doi:10.1038/s41591-022-01923-y · Cited by 1,134

Chronic inflammation and the hallmarks of aging

Baechle, J. J., Chen, N., Makhijani, P., Winer, S., Furman, D., & Winer, D. A. (2023) · Molecular Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.molmet.2023.101755 · Cited by 471

Tumor microenvironment signaling and therapeutics in cancer progression

Goenka, A., Khan, F., Verma, B., Sinha, P., Dmello, C. C., Jogalekar, M. P., Gangadaran, P., & Ahn, B. (2023) · Cancer Communications · doi:10.1002/cac2.12416 · Cited by 323

Self-assembled cGAMP-STINGΔTM signaling complex as a bioinspired platform for cGAMP delivery

He, Y., Hong, C., Yan, E. Z., Fletcher, S. J., Zhu, G., Yang, M., Li, Y., Sun, X., Irvine, D. J., Li, J., et al. (2020) · Science Advances · doi:10.1126/sciadv.aba7589 · Cited by 60

Prolonged activation of innate immune pathways by a polyvalent STING agonist

Li, S., Luo, M., Wang, Z., Feng, Q., Wilhelm, J., Wang, X., Li, W., Wang, J., Cholka, A., Fu, Y., et al. (2021) · Nature Biomedical Engineering · doi:10.1038/s41551-020-00675-9 · Cited by 327

STING inhibitors target the cyclic dinucleotide binding pocket

Hong, Z., Mei, J., Li, C., Bai, G., Maimaiti, M., Hu, H., Yu, W., Sun, L., Zhang, L., Cheng, D., et al. (2021) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.2105465118 · Cited by 296

In vitro STING Activation with the cGAMP-STINGΔTM Signaling Complex

He, Y., Hong, C., Irvine, D. J., et al. (2021) · BIO-PROTOCOL · doi:10.21769/bioprotoc.3905 · Cited by 4

Taking the STING out of cytosolic DNA sensing

Diner, E. J., & Vance, R. E. (2013) · Trends in Immunology · doi:10.1016/j.it.2013.10.011 · Cited by 18