Cited by 447Genomics and Chromatin DynamicsChromatin Remodeling and CancerRNA Research and Splicing

Born to run: control of transcription elongation by RNA polymerase II

Chen, Fei Xavier, Smith, Edwin R., Shilatifard, Ali·2018·Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology

Abstract

The dynamic regulation of transcription elongation by RNA polymerase II (Pol II) is an integral part of the implementation of gene expression programmes during development. In most metazoans, the majority of transcribed genes exhibit transient pausing of Pol II at promoter-proximal regions, and the release of Pol II into gene bodies is controlled by many regulatory factors that respond to environmental and developmental cues. Misregulation of the elongation stage of transcription is implicated in cancer and other human diseases, suggesting that mechanistic understanding of transcription elongation control is therapeutically relevant. In this Review, we discuss the features, establishment and maintenance of Pol II pausing, the transition into productive elongation, the control of transcription elongation by enhancers and by factors of other cellular processes, such as topoisomerases and poly(ADP-ribose) polymerases (PARPs), and the potential of therapeutic targeting of the elongation stage of transcription by Pol II.

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Crossref · 10.1038/s41580-018-0010-5

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  • RNA Pol II promoter-proximal pausing is an early regulatory step that controls expression of most metazoan genes.

    “For example, RNA Pol II promoter‐proximal pausing, which has received increasing attention in the transcription field since the late 90s, was shown to be an early regulatory step that controls expression of most metazoan genes (for excellent reviews on this step, see (Jonkers & Lis, 2015; Chen et al, 2018)).”

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Authors
Chen, F. X., Smith, E. R., & Shilatifard, A.
Affiliations
Northwestern University (US)
Corresponding author
Shilatifard, Ali
Venue
Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology
Published
2018-05-08
Volume
19
Issue
7
Pages
464-478
ISSN
  • 1471-0072 (ISSN-L)
  • 1471-0080
OpenAlex
W2802479546
Cited by
447
References
272
Citations by year
2026: 51 · 2025: 54 · 2024: 53 · 2023: 59 · 2022: 68 · 2021: 64 · 2020: 56 · 2019: 28 · 2018: 14
FWCI
4.05
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Locations
  • Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders
National Cancer Institute (R01CA214035, R50CA211428)
Topics
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Genomics and Chromatin Dynamics
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Chromatin Remodeling and Cancer
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › RNA Research and Splicing
Keywords
transcription elongation, RNA polymerase II, promoter-proximal pausing, enhancers, topoisomerases, poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase, gene expression regulation, cancer
MeSH terms
Animals, Humans, Isomerases, Promoter Regions, Genetic, RNA Polymerase II, Transcription, Genetic

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