Born to run: control of transcription elongation by RNA polymerase II
Abstract
The dynamic regulation of transcription elongation by RNA polymerase II (Pol II) is an integral part of the implementation of gene expression programmes during development. In most metazoans, the majority of transcribed genes exhibit transient pausing of Pol II at promoter-proximal regions, and the release of Pol II into gene bodies is controlled by many regulatory factors that respond to environmental and developmental cues. Misregulation of the elongation stage of transcription is implicated in cancer and other human diseases, suggesting that mechanistic understanding of transcription elongation control is therapeutically relevant. In this Review, we discuss the features, establishment and maintenance of Pol II pausing, the transition into productive elongation, the control of transcription elongation by enhancers and by factors of other cellular processes, such as topoisomerases and poly(ADP-ribose) polymerases (PARPs), and the potential of therapeutic targeting of the elongation stage of transcription by Pol II.
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RNA Pol II promoter-proximal pausing is an early regulatory step that controls expression of most metazoan genes.
“For example, RNA Pol II promoter‐proximal pausing, which has received increasing attention in the transcription field since the late 90s, was shown to be an early regulatory step that controls expression of most metazoan genes (for excellent reviews on this step, see (Jonkers & Lis, 2015; Chen et al, 2018)).”
From RNA polymerase II speed: a key player in controlling and adapting transcriptome composition (2021) · cites this paper as Chen et al, 2018
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Structural insights into transcription initiation by RNA polymerase II
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Nucleosome fragility reveals novel functional states of chromatin and poises genes for activationPreprint
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CDK9 inhibitors define elongation checkpoints at both ends of RNA polymerase II–transcribed genes
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The DNA damage response to transcription stress
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“…RNA Pol II promoter-proximal pausing, which has received increasing attention in the transcription field since the late 90s, was shown to be an early regulatory step that controls expression of most metazoan genes (for excellent reviews on this step, see (Jonkers & Lis, 2015; Chen et al , 2018)).”
Enhancer selectivity in space and time: from enhancer–promoter interactions to promoter activation
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CDK13 cooperates with CDK12 to control global RNA polymerase II processivity
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Targeting Processive Transcription Elongation via SEC Disruption for MYC-Induced Cancer Therapy
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Self-citationA CSB-PAF1C axis restores processive transcription elongation after DNA damage repair
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Hypoxia-inducible factor in cancer: from pathway regulation to therapeutic opportunity
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- Authors
- Chen, F. X., Smith, E. R., & Shilatifard, A.
- Affiliations
- Northwestern University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Shilatifard, Ali
- Venue
- Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology
- Published
- 2018-05-08
- Volume
- 19
- Issue
- 7
- Pages
- 464-478
- ISSN
- 1471-0072 (ISSN-L)
- 1471-0080
- OpenAlex
- W2802479546
- Cited by
- 447
- References
- 272
- Citations by year
- 2026: 51 · 2025: 54 · 2024: 53 · 2023: 59 · 2022: 68 · 2021: 64 · 2020: 56 · 2019: 28 · 2018: 14
- FWCI
- 4.05
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Licence
- www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
- Locations
- Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Cancer Institute (R01CA214035, R50CA211428)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Genomics and Chromatin Dynamics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Chromatin Remodeling and Cancer
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › RNA Research and Splicing
- Keywords
- transcription elongation, RNA polymerase II, promoter-proximal pausing, enhancers, topoisomerases, poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase, gene expression regulation, cancer
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Humans, Isomerases, Promoter Regions, Genetic, RNA Polymerase II, Transcription, Genetic
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
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