Spatially resolved cell atlas of the mouse primary motor cortex by MERFISH
Open accessAbstract
A mammalian brain is composed of numerous cell types organized in an intricate manner to form functional neural circuits. Single-cell RNA sequencing allows systematic identification of cell types based on their gene expression profiles and has revealed many distinct cell populations in the brain 1,2 . Single-cell epigenomic profiling 3,4 further provides information on gene-regulatory signatures of different cell types. Understanding how different cell types contribute to brain function, however, requires knowledge of their spatial organization and connectivity, which is not preserved in sequencing-based methods that involve cell dissociation. Here we used a single-cell transcriptome-imaging method, multiplexed error-robust fluorescence in situ hybridization (MERFISH) 5 , to generate a molecularly defined and spatially resolved cell atlas of the mouse primary motor cortex. We profiled approximately 300,000 cells in the mouse primary motor cortex and its adjacent areas, identified 95 neuronal and non-neuronal cell clusters, and revealed a complex spatial map in which not only excitatory but also most inhibitory neuronal clusters adopted laminar organizations. Intratelencephalic neurons formed a largely continuous gradient along the cortical depth axis, in which the gene expression of individual cells correlated with their cortical depths. Furthermore, we integrated MERFISH with retrograde labelling to probe projection targets of neurons of the mouse primary motor cortex and found that their cortical projections formed a complex network in which individual neuronal clusters project to multiple target regions and individual target regions receive inputs from multiple neuronal clusters.
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IT t-types did not form distinct groups for each cortical layer; instead, soma depth and RNA expression varied continuously along a one-dimensional manifold.
“However, we found that IT t-types did not form distinct groups for each cortical layer; instead, the soma depth and RNA expression varied continuously along a one-dimensional manifold (Fig. 4d), in agreement with parallel findings based on a spatial transcriptomics approach34.”
From Phenotypic variation of transcriptomic cell types in mouse motor cortex (2021) · cites this paper as [34]
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- Authors
- Zhang, M., Eichhorn, S. W., Zingg, B., Yao, Z., Cotter, K., Zeng, H., Dong, H., & Zhuang, X.
- Affiliations
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute (US)
- University of Southern California (US)
- Allen Institute for Brain Science (US)
- Corresponding author
- Zhuang, Xiaowei
- ORCID
- Venue
- Nature
- Published
- 2021-10-06
- Volume
- 598
- Issue
- 7879
- Pages
- 137-143
- ISSN
- 0028-0836 (ISSN-L)
- 1476-4687
- PMC
- PMC8494645
- OpenAlex
- W3203364159
- Cited by
- 498
- References
- 58
- Citations by year
- 2026: 96 · 2025: 124 · 2024: 138 · 2023: 80 · 2022: 48 · 2021: 10 · 2020: 2
- FWCI
- 22.29
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Locations
- Nature (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Digital Access to Scholarship at Harvard (DASH) (Harvard University) (acceptedVersion)
- RePEc: Research Papers in Economics (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute
- Harvard University
- National Institutes of Health
- National Institute of Mental Health (U19MH114821, U19MH114830)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Single-cell and spatial transcriptomics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Biophysics › Cell Image Analysis Techniques
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neuroscience and Neuropharmacology Research
- Keywords
- primary motor cortex, cell atlas, MERFISH, spatial transcriptomics, neuronal cell types, cortical lamination, intratelencephalic neurons, retrograde tracing, mouse brain
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Atlases as Topic, Glutamates, Male, Mice, Inbred C57BL, Motor Cortex, Neurons, Organ Specificity, In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence, Gene Expression Profiling, Mice, Single-Cell Analysis, GABAergic Neurons, Transcriptome
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