Three groups of interneurons account for nearly 100% of neocortical GABAergic neurons

Rudy, Bernardo; Fishell, Gordon; Lee, SooHyun; Hjerling‐Leffler, Jens

doi:10.1002/dneu.20853

Cited by 1,420Neuroscience and Neuropharmacology ResearchNeurogenesis and neuroplasticity mechanismsNeural dynamics and brain function

Three groups of interneurons account for nearly 100% of neocortical GABAergic neurons

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Rudy, Bernardo, Fishell, Gordon, Lee, SooHyun, Hjerling‐Leffler, Jens·2011·Developmental Neurobiology

DOI 10.1002/dneu.20853PMC PMC3556905

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Abstract

An understanding of the diversity of cortical GABAergic interneurons is critical to understand the function of the cerebral cortex. Recent data suggest that neurons expressing three markers, the Ca2+-binding protein parvalbumin (PV), the neuropeptide somatostatin (SST), and the ionotropic serotonin receptor 5HT3a (5HT3aR) account for nearly 100% of neocortical interneurons. Interneurons expressing each of these markers have a different embryological origin. Each group includes several types of interneurons that differ in morphological and electrophysiological properties and likely have different functions in the cortical circuit. The PV group accounts for ∼40% of GABAergic neurons and includes fast spiking basket cells and chandelier cells. The SST group, which represents ∼30% of GABAergic neurons, includes the Martinotti cells and a set of neurons that specifically target layerIV. The 5HT3aR group, which also accounts for ∼30% of the total interneuronal population, is heterogeneous and includes all of the neurons that express the neuropeptide VIP, as well as an equally numerous subgroup of neurons that do not express VIP and includes neurogliaform cells. The universal modulation of these neurons by serotonin and acetylcholine via ionotropic receptors suggests that they might be involved in shaping cortical circuits during specific brain states and behavioral contexts.

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Both VIP-positive and VIP-negative CCK+ basket cells express 5HT3aR and form synapses on the soma of pyramidal cells and other interneurons, with regular or burst spiking.
“Both types of CCK+ interneurons express 5HT3aR”
From Development and Functional Diversification of Cortical Interneurons (2018) · cites this paper as Rudy et al., 2011
A third, very heterogeneous class of cortical interneurons expresses the serotonin receptor 5HT3aR.
“A third, very heterogeneous, class of cortical interneurons express the serotonin receptor 5HT3aR”
From Development and Functional Diversification of Cortical Interneurons (2018) · cites this paper as Rudy et al., 2011
The MGE and CGE produce non-overlapping types of cortical interneurons.
“The MGE and CGE are known to produce non-overlapping types of cortical interneurons16.”
From Developmental diversification of cortical inhibitory interneurons (2018) · cites this paper as [16]
Major subclasses, types and their hierarchical relationships are largely consistent with previous studies.
“The major subclasses, types and their hierarchical relationships are largely consistent with previous studies7,24,25.”
From The diversity of GABAergic neurons and neural communication elements (2019) · cites this paper as [25]
The CGE produces approximately 30% of neocortical and hippocampal interneurons.
“The CGE produces ~30% of neocortical and hippocampal interneurons”
From Hippocampal GABAergic Inhibitory Interneurons (2017) · cites this paper as [966]

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Laminar specificity of functional input to distinct types of inhibitory cortical neurons
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Mouse cortical inhibitory neuron type that coexpresses somatostatin and calretinin
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Stress-induced activation of nitric oxide-producing neurons in the rat brain
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Serotonin 3A Receptor Subtype as an Early and Protracted Marker of Cortical Interneuron Subpopulations
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Gabbott PL Dickie BG Vaid RR Headlam AJ Bacon SJ Local-circuit neurones in the medial prefrontal cortex (areas 25, 32 and 24b) in the rat: Morphology and quantitative distribution J Comp Neurol 1997 377 465 499 9007187
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Shared and distinct transcriptomic cell types across neocortical areas
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Single-Cell Multi-omic Integration Compares and Contrasts Features of Brain Cell Identity
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Cortical interneurons that specialize in disinhibitory control
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Interneuron cell types are fit to function
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A Cortical Circuit for Gain Control by Behavioral State
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“One interesting feature of VIP neurons is that they express serotonin receptor 5HT3a receptor (Lee et al., 2010; Rudy et al., 2011).”
Background
Hippocampal GABAergic Inhibitory Interneurons
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Adolescence as a neurobiological critical period for the development of higher-order cognition
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Epigenomic Signatures of Neuronal Diversity in the Mammalian Brain
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A disinhibitory circuit mediates motor integration in the somatosensory cortex
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Development and Functional Diversification of Cortical Interneurons
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“…with the observation that MGE-derived interneurons adopt their laminar distribution following an ‘‘inside-out’’ sequence that correlates with their birthdate, similar to pyramidal cells (Fairén et al., 1986; Miller, 1985; Pla et al., 2006; Rymar and Sadikot, 2007; Valcanis and Tan, 2003).”
Division and subtraction by distinct cortical inhibitory networks in vivo
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A viral strategy for targeting and manipulating interneurons across vertebrate species
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Spatially resolved cell atlas of the mouse primary motor cortex by MERFISH
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Developmental diversification of cortical inhibitory interneurons
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Npas4 regulates excitatory-inhibitory balance within neural circuits through cell-type-specific gene programs
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“Balance within Neural Circuits through”
Brain-wide Maps Reveal Stereotyped Cell-Type-Based Cortical Architecture and Subcortical Sexual Dimorphism
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Phenotypic variation of transcriptomic cell types in mouse motor cortex
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“For decades, neurons have been classified into types by their anatomical and physiological characteristics, and more recently by molecular markers 1,2,12,13 .”
Cortical GABAergic Dysfunction in Stress and Depression: New Insights for Therapeutic Interventions
Fogaça, M. V., & Duman, R. S. (2019) · Frontiers in Cellular Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fncel.2019.00087 · Cited by 396 · see citing works
Generating Neuronal Diversity in the Mammalian Cerebral Cortex
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Integrated multimodal cell atlas of Alzheimer’s disease
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Neocortical Somatostatin-Expressing GABAergic Interneurons Disinhibit the Thalamorecipient Layer 4
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Innovations present in the primate interneuron repertoire
Krienen, F. M., Goldman, M., Zhang, Q., C. H. del Rosario, R., Florio, M., Machold, R., Saunders, A., Levandowski, K., Zaniewski, H., Schuman, B., et al. (2020) · Nature · doi:10.1038/s41586-020-2781-z · Cited by 381 · see citing works
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Innovations in Primate Interneuron Repertoire
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Strategies and Tools for Combinatorial Targeting of GABAergic Neurons in Mouse Cerebral Cortex
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Cell-Type-Specific Activity in Prefrontal Cortex during Goal-Directed Behavior
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Somatostatin-Positive Gamma-Aminobutyric Acid Interneuron Deficits in Depression: Cortical Microcircuit and Therapeutic Perspectives
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Barrel cortex function
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“Together with the PV and SST neurons, 5HT3aR cells have been reported to capture virtually 100% of cortical GABAergic neurons (Lee et al., 2010; Rudy et al., 2011).”
Background
Distinct inhibitory circuits orchestrate cortical beta and gamma band oscillations
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Subcortical origins of human and monkey neocortical interneurons
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Oxytocin modulates female sociosexual behavior through a specific class of prefrontal cortical interneurons
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Cell-Type-Based Analysis of MicroRNA Profiles in the Mouse Brain
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Heterogeneity within classical cell types is the rule: lessons from hippocampal pyramidal neurons
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Inhibitory Interneurons Regulate Temporal Precision and Correlations in Cortical Circuits
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The mediodorsal thalamus drives feedforward inhibition in the anterior cingulate cortex via parvalbumin interneurons
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Early somatostatin interneuron connectivity mediates the maturation of deep layer cortical circuits
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The diversity of GABAergic neurons and neural communication elements
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Characterizing VIP neurons in the barrel cortex of VIPcre/tdTomato mice reveals layer-specific differences
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Mechanisms of Inhibition within the Telencephalon: “Where the Wild Things Are”
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Tasks for inhibitory interneurons in intact brain circuits
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Thalamic control of layer 1 circuits in prefrontal cortex
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Distinct Roles of Parvalbumin- and Somatostatin-Expressing Interneurons in Working Memory
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An emerging circuit pharmacology of GABAA receptors
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Authors: Rudy, B., Fishell, G., Lee, S., & Hjerling‐Leffler, J.
Affiliations: New York University (US)
Corresponding author: Rudy, Bernardo
ORCID: Rudy, Bernardo
Hjerling‐Leffler, Jens
Venue: Developmental Neurobiology
Publisher: Wiley
Published: 2010-12-11
Volume: 71
Issue: 1
Pages: 45-61
ISSN: 1932-8451 (ISSN-L)
1932-846X
DOI: 10.1002/dneu.20853
PMC: PMC3556905
OpenAlex: W1970719523
Cited by: 1,420
References: 123
Citations by year: 2026: 67 · 2025: 91 · 2024: 111 · 2023: 111 · 2022: 114 · 2021: 131 · 2020: 120 · 2019: 147 · 2018: 97 · 2017: 118 · 2016: 86 · 2015: 70 · 2014: 64 · 2013: 53 · 2012: 29
FWCI: 2.65
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: green
www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
Licence: onlinelibrary.wiley.com/termsAndConditions#vor (vor)
Locations: Developmental Neurobiology (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
Funders: National Institutes of Health (5r01ns030989-22)
National Institute of Mental Health (R01MH068469, R01MH071679, R37MH071679)
National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (R01-NS030989, R01NS045217, R01NS032993, R01NS039007, F32NS076316, R01NS081297)
Topics: Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neuroscience and Neuropharmacology Research
Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Developmental Neuroscience › Neurogenesis and neuroplasticity mechanisms
Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural dynamics and brain function
Keywords: GABAergic interneurons, neocortex, parvalbumin, somatostatin, VIP, basket cells, chandelier cells, Martinotti cells, layer 4, neurogliaform cells, embryonic origin, cortical circuits, serotonin modulation, ligand-gated ion channels
MeSH terms: Animals, Cell Count, gamma-Aminobutyric Acid, Humans, Interneurons, Nerve Net, Neural Pathways, Neocortex

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Three groups of interneurons account for nearly 100% of neocortical GABAergic neurons

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