Cited by 520Single-cell and spatial transcriptomicsCRISPR and Genetic EngineeringGenomics and Phylogenetic Studies

Multiplexed detection of proteins, transcriptomes, clonotypes and CRISPR perturbations in single cells

Open access
Mimitou, Eleni P., Cheng, Anthony, Montalbano, Antonino, Hao, Stephanie, Stoeckius, Marlon, Legut, Mateusz, Roush, Timothy, Herrera, Alberto +6 more·2019·Nature Methods

Abstract

Multimodal single-cell assays provide high-resolution snapshots of complex cell populations, but are mostly limited to transcriptome plus an additional modality. Here, we describe expanded CRISPR-compatible cellular indexing of transcriptomes and epitopes by sequencing (ECCITE-seq) for the high-throughput characterization of at least five modalities of information from each single cell. We demonstrate application of ECCITE-seq to multimodal CRISPR screens with robust direct single-guide RNA capture and to clonotype-aware multimodal phenotyping of cancer samples. ECCITE-seq combines the single-cell analysis of multiple modalities, for example transcriptome, immune cell receptors, cell surface proteins and single-guide RNAs.

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1038/s41592-019-0392-0

Cites

45 of 45 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Nothing to recompute.

Claims the paper makes

0 of 17 cited sources checked · 0 supported · 0 flagged

  • Findingcitation

    CITE-seq antibodies against human or mouse CD29 labeled cells according to species of origin.

    “CITE-seq antibodies directed against human or mouse CD29 label cells according to their species of origin [II], illustrating the ability of ECCITE-seq to detect differentially expressed proteins within a sample.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim
  • Findingnone given

    ECCITE-seq enables direct and robust capture of sgRNAs from existing guide libraries and commonly used pooled-cloning vectors for Perturb-seq, CRISPR-seq or CROP-seq experiments.

    “Importantly, we further adapt the system to enable direct and robust capture of sgRNAs from existing guide libraries and commonly used vectors compatible with pooled cloning, for use in Perturb-seq / CRISPR-seq / CROP-seq type experiments.”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim
  • Findingown data

    Guide detection proportions in the K562 screen matched genomic DNA-based detection.

    “We leveraged the Cell Hashing feature to remove cell doublets and observed very high rates of guide capture (confident detection of guide sequences in 98.3% of cells), in proportions consistent with genomic DNA-based detection (Fig. 1d and Supplementary Fig. 1d).”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim
  • Findingown data

    TCR α/β and TCR γ/δ clonotypes were detected in PBMC and lymphoma cell clusters.

    “Clonotypes for TCR α/β (following 10× protocol) and TCR γ/δ (custom adaptation, see methods) were detected in the PBMC and lymphoma cell clusters [III].”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim
  • Findingown data

    Guide tags captured directly from sgRNA molecules were detected specifically and robustly only in mouse cells.

    “Finally, guide tags, derived directly from sgRNA molecules were specifically and robustly detected only in mouse cells [IV].”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim
  • May combine two claims. 10
  • Classified as probably not a substantial claim. 1
  • May combine two claims.

    Findingown data

    Human-specific cell hashtags separated the three human samples, and their distribution matched transcriptome-based clustering.

    “Cell hashtags specific to human cells were used to distinguish the three human samples, and the hashtag distribution was consistent with transcriptome-based clustering (Fig.1c, [I]).”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim
  • May combine two claims.

    Findingown data

    A mixture of human and mouse cells carrying different non-targeting sgRNAs was clearly separated by transcriptome, surface protein and sgRNA measurements, showing the method's specificity.

    “A mixture of human and mouse cells transduced with different sets of non-targeting sgRNAs was well resolved by transcriptome, surface protein and sgRNA content, demonstrating the specificity of this approach (Fig. 1b, Supplementary Fig. 1a, Supplementary Tables 1,2).”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim
  • May combine two claims.

    Findingown data

    Most markers were enriched at both protein and RNA levels in expected clusters, matching earlier 3' CITE-seq results.

    “The majority of markers showed enrichmentat the level of both protein and RNA (not shown) in expected clusters, consistent with our previous 3’ CITE-seq results7.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked
    • cites [7] Hill, A. J. et al. Nat. Methods 15, 271–274 (2018).

      Not checked in the free run.

  • May combine two claims.

    Findingown data

    The control sample yielded 1,606 clonotypes from 2,796 barcodes, and its top CD4+ clonotype (TRB CDR3 CASSTLQGKETQYF) made up about 1% of clonotype-associated barcodes.

    “The control sample had 1,606 detected clonotypes from 2,796 barcodes, with the top CD4+ clonotype (defined by TRB CDR3 sequence: CASSTLQGKETQYF) accounting for ~1% of recovered clonotype-associated barcodes.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim
  • May combine two claims.

    Findingown data

    Most cells had detectable CD46 protein, which collapsed in cells with detectable anti-CD46 sgRNAs but not in cells with non-targeting sgRNAs.

    “Cellular perturbations measured at transcript and protein level by ECCITE-seq reveal important features to consider, exemplified by CD46: most cells have detectable levels of protein, which collapse in cells with detectable levels of sgRNAs directed against CD46, but not in cells with non-targeting sgRNAs (Supplementary Fig. 1f).”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim
  • May combine two claims.

    Findingown data

    Target gene expression loss was readily seen at both mRNA and protein levels for ITGB1 (CD29) and CD46, and at the mRNA level for JAK1.

    “Loss of expression of target genes at the level of mRNA and protein was readily apparent for ITGB1 (the gene encoding CD29 protein) and CD46 (Fig. 1e), and similarly apparent at the mRNA level for JAK1.”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim
  • May combine two claims.

    Findingown data

    Clustering cells assigned to one guide by sgRNA counts produced 13 distinct clusters, matching the 13 guides used.

    “Clustering based on sgRNA counts of cells assigned to one guide revealed 13 distinct clusters, corresponding to the 13 guides in the experiment.”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim
  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing). May combine two claims.

    Premisecitation

    K562 cells carry a single TP53 allele whose transcript is likely degraded by nonsense-mediated decay.

    “TP53 transcript was poorly detected, consistent with K562 cells expressing a single allele of TP53 that is likely a substrate for nonsense-mediated decay27.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked
    • cites [27]

      Not checked in the free run.

  • May combine two claims.

    Interpretationreasoning

    The modular design of ECCITE-seq allows readouts of screens to be tailored, potentially enabling panels of transcripts and proteins to be interrogated in response to perturbations instead of or in addition to the transcriptome.

    “The modular nature of ECCITE-seq allows the tailoring of readouts of such screens, potentially allowing the investigator to interrogate panels of transcripts and proteins of interest in response to their perturbations in addition to, or instead of, the transcriptome.”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim
  • May combine two claims.

    Interpretationreasoning

    Many cells had undetectable CD46 mRNA even without targeting guides, probably because scRNA-seq has high dropout.

    “Many cells have undetectable levels of CD46 mRNA even in the absence of targeting guides, likely reflecting the high drop-out rates of scRNA-seq, and the increased sensitivity that comes with protein detection.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim
    • Rests on an assumption: scRNA-seq has high dropout rates, which cause many cells to have undetectable CD46 mRNA even without targeting guides.
10 of 10
  • The paper relies on this without support.

    Protein levels are generally much higher than the corresponding mRNA levels, so antibody-based protein detection is a more robust measure of gene expression than mRNA.

    “Given that protein levels are typically much higher than corresponding mRNAs, detection of proteins via antibody-derived tags (hereafter called protein tags) is a more robust measure of gene expression.”
  • The paper relies on this without support.

    scRNA-seq has high dropout rates, which cause many cells to have undetectable CD46 mRNA even without targeting guides.

    “Many cells have undetectable levels of CD46 mRNA even in the absence of targeting guides, likely reflecting the high drop-out rates of scRNA-seq, and the increased sensitivity that comes with protein detection.”
  • The paper relies on this without support.

    The 10x Genomics 5P workflow adds the cell barcode through the template switch oligo using a generic soluble poly(dT) primer for reverse transcription, which permits custom RT primers to be added for sequences of interest.

    “In contrast to commonly used 3’ tag scRNA-seq methods where cell barcode information is appended to transcripts through the use of barcoded RT oligos, the 10× Genomics 5P workflow appends the barcode via TSO, using a generic, soluble poly(dT) oligo to prime RT, opening up the possibility of adding custom RT primers to sequences of interest.”
3 of 3

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

  • ECCITE-seq simultaneously measures transcriptomes, surface protein levels, and perturbations at single-cell resolution.

    “We recently introduced expanded CRISPR-compatible CITE-seq (ECCITE-seq), which simultaneously measures transcriptomes, surface protein levels, and perturbations at singlecell resolution [18].”
  • A proof-of-concept ECCITE-seq study detected protein, RNA, and guide RNAs in individual cells but was small-scale and lacked the analytical framework needed for large screens.

    “A proof-of-concept study using ECCITE-seq5 demonstrated simultaneous detection of protein, RNA, and guide RNAs in individual cells and was applied at a small scale without the analytical framework required for large scale screens.”
  • 32 datasets report scRNA-seq exclusively; the resource also includes scATAC-seq from three publications, one with simultaneous protein measurements.

    “While 32 datasets report scRNA-seq exclusively, we also include scATAC-seq from three publications, one with simultaneous protein measurements39.”

    From scPerturb: harmonized single-cell perturbation data (2024) · cites this paper as [39]

  • The authors included scATAC-seq data from three different sources: Spear-ATAC, CRISPR-sciATAC, and ASAP-seq.

    “We included scATAC-seq data from three different sources: Spear-ATAC42, CRISPR-sciATAC59 and ASAP-seq39.”

    From scPerturb: harmonized single-cell perturbation data (2024) · cites this paper as [39]

  • ECCITE-seq and Perturb-CITE-seq entail in tandem detection of transcripts, proteins, and sgRNAs.

    “ECCITE-seq [15] and Perturb-CITE-seq [16] are two paradigmatic cases that entail in tandem detection of transcripts, proteins, and sgRNAs.”

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Authors
Mimitou, E. P., Cheng, A., Montalbano, A., Hao, S., Stoeckius, M., Legut, M., Roush, T., Herrera, A., Papalexi, E., Ouyang, Z., Satija, R., Sanjana, N. E., Koralov, S. B., & Smibert, P.
Affiliations
  • New York Genome Center (US)
  • The Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine (US)
  • New York University (US)
  • University of Connecticut (US)
Corresponding author
Smibert, Peter
Venue
Nature Methods
Published
2019-04-22
Volume
16
Issue
5
Pages
409-412
ISSN
  • 1548-7091 (ISSN-L)
  • 1548-7105
OpenAlex
W2939422961
Cited by
520
References
45
Citations by year
2026: 67 · 2025: 62 · 2024: 68 · 2023: 84 · 2022: 75 · 2021: 81 · 2020: 67 · 2019: 14
FWCI
19.60
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • Nature Methods (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
  • The Mouseion at the JAXlibrary (Jackson Laboratory) (submittedVersion)
Funders
  • Hope Funds for Cancer Research
  • Chan Zuckerberg Initiative
  • New York Genome Center
  • National Institutes of Health (1dp2hg009623-01)
  • National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (R01HL125816)
  • National Human Genome Research Institute (DP2-HG-009623, DP2HG010099, R21HG009748)
  • National Cancer Institute (P30CA034196)
  • National Institute of General Medical Sciences (R35GM124998)
Topics
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Single-cell and spatial transcriptomics
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › CRISPR and Genetic Engineering
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Genomics and Phylogenetic Studies
Keywords
CRISPR screen, cell surface proteins, transcriptome, single-cell proteomics, tumor cell populations
MeSH terms
RNA, Guide, CRISPR-Cas Systems, Animals, Humans, Leukocytes, Mononuclear, Proteins, Skin Neoplasms, Tumor Cells, Cultured, Lymphoma, T-Cell, Cutaneous, Sequence Analysis, RNA, Gene Expression Profiling, NIH 3T3 Cells, Mice, Single-Cell Analysis, High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing, Transcriptome, Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats, CRISPR-Cas Systems

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