Disruptive effects of repeated stress on basolateral amygdala neurons and fear behavior across the estrous cycle in rats
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Stress is a precipitating factor in depression and anxiety disorders. Patients with these disorders often show amygdala abnormalities. The basolateral amygdala (BLA) is integral in mood and emotion, and is sensitive to stress. While much is known about effects of stress on BLA neuron activity and morphology in males, less is known in females. We tested whether repeated stress exerts distinct effects on BLA in vivo neuronal activity and morphology of Golgi-stained BLA neurons [lateral (LAT) and basal (BA) nuclei] in adult female rats. Repeated restraint stress increased BLA neuronal firing and caused hypertrophy of BLA neurons in males, while it decreased LAT and BA neuronal firing and caused hypotrophy of neurons in the LAT of females. BLA neuronal activity and function, such as fear conditioning, shifts across the estrous cycle. Repeated stress disrupted this pattern of BLA activity and fear expression over the estrous cycle. The disruptive effects of stress on the pattern of BLA function across estrous may produce behavior that is non-optimal for a specific phase of the estrous cycle. The contrasting effects of stress may contribute to sex differences in the effects of stress on mood and psychiatric disorders.
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The BLA is generally hyperactive following chronic stress.
“The stress-induced attenuation of BLA→DMS activity was surprising because the BLA is, generally, hyperactive following chronic stress54–61 (c.f.62).”
From A dual-pathway architecture for stress to disrupt agency and promote habit (2025) · cites this paper as [62]
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A dual-pathway architecture for stress to disrupt agency and promote habit
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- Authors
- Blume, S. R., Padival, M., Urban, J. H., & Rosenkranz, J. A.
- Affiliations
- Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science (US)
- Corresponding author
- Rosenkranz, J. Amiel
- Venue
- Scientific Reports
- Published
- 2019-08-23
- Volume
- 9
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 12292-12292
- ISSN
- 2045-2322 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC6707149
- OpenAlex
- W2969882378
- Cited by
- 71
- References
- 97
- Citations by year
- 2026: 6 · 2025: 7 · 2024: 12 · 2023: 10 · 2022: 9 · 2021: 17 · 2020: 9 · 2019: 1
- FWCI
- 5.88
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Locations
- Scientific Reports (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | Office of Extramural Research, National Institutes of Health (R01MH084970, R01MH100536)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Behavioral Neuroscience › Stress Responses and Cortisol
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Memory and Neural Mechanisms
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neuroscience and Neuropharmacology Research
- Keywords
- repeated restraint stress, basolateral amygdala, estrous cycle, sex differences, neuronal firing, neuronal morphology, neuronal hypertrophy, fear conditioning, fear behavior, anxiety, depression, female rats
- MeSH terms
- Action Potentials, Animals, Behavior, Animal, Conditioning, Classical, Endocrine System, Extinction, Psychological, Fear, Female, Golgi Apparatus, Male, Neurons, Stress, Psychological, Rats, Sprague-Dawley, Estrous Cycle, Dendritic Spines, Basolateral Nuclear Complex
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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