Top-down Dendritic Input Increases the Gain of Layer 5 Pyramidal Neurons
Open accessAbstract
The cerebral cortex is organized so that an important component of feedback input from higher to lower cortical areas arrives at the distal apical tufts of pyramidal neurons. Yet, distal inputs are predicted to have much less impact on firing than proximal inputs. Here we show that even weak asynchronous dendritic input to the distal tuft region can significantly increase the gain of layer 5 pyramidal neurons and thereby the output of columns in the primary somatosensory cortex of the rat. Noisy currents injected in ramps at different dendritic locations showed that the initial slope of the frequency-current (f/I) relationship increases with the distance of the current injection from the soma. The increase was due to the interaction of dendritic depolarization with back-propagating APs which activated dendritic calcium conductances. Gain increases were accompanied by a change of firing mode from isolated spikes to bursting where the timing of bursts coded the presence of coincident somatic and dendritic inputs. We propose that this dendritic gain modulation and the timing of bursts may serve to associate top-down and bottom-up input on different time scales.
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
Inputs to dendrites non-linearly engage active dendritic processes, increasing I/O gain in pyramidal neurons.
“For example, inputs to dendrites non-linearly engage active dendritic processes, increasing I/O gain in pyramidal neurons94.”
From Mechanisms underlying gain modulation in the cortex (2020) · cites this paper as [94]
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Cites
Distributed hierarchical processing in the primate cerebral cortex
Felleman, D. J., & Van Essen, D. C. (1991) · Cerebral Cortex · doi:10.1093/cercor/1.1.1 · Cited by 7,783 · see citing works
Chaos in Neuronal Networks with Balanced Excitatory and Inhibitory Activity
van Vreeswijk, C., & Sompolinsky, H. (1996) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.274.5293.1724 · Cited by 1,831 · see citing works
Softky, W., & Koch, C. (1993) · The Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.13-01-00334.1993 · Cited by 1,689 · see citing works
Natural waking and sleep states: a view from inside neocortical neurons
Steriade, M., Timofeev, I., & Grenier, F. (2001) · Journal of Neurophysiology · doi:10.1152/jn.2001.85.5.1969 · Cited by 1,296 · see citing works
Noise, neural codes and cortical organization
Shadlen, M. N., & Newsome, W. T. (1994) · Current Opinion in Neurobiology · doi:10.1016/0959-4388(94)90059-0 · Cited by 1,240 · see citing works
Influence of dendritic structure on firing pattern in model neocortical neurons
Mainen, Z. F., & Sejnowski, T. J. (1996) · Nature · doi:10.1038/382363a0 · Cited by 1,231 · see citing works
A new cellular mechanism for coupling inputs arriving at different cortical layers
Larkum, M. E., Zhu, J. J., & Sakmann, B. (1999) · Nature · doi:10.1038/18686 · Cited by 1,180 · see citing works
Self-citationIntroduction to Theoretical Neurobiology
Tuckwell, H. C. (1988) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/cbo9780511623202 · Cited by 1,174 · see citing works
Laminar origins and terminations of cortical connections of the occipital lobe in the rhesus monkey
Rockland, K. S., & Pandya, D. Ν. (1979) · Brain Research · doi:10.1016/0006-8993(79)90485-2 · Cited by 1,076 · see citing works
Gain Modulation from Background Synaptic Input
Chance, F. S., Abbott, L. F., & Reyes, A. D. (2002) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/s0896-6273(02)00820-6 · Cited by 1,012 · see citing works
Pyramidal Neuron as Two-Layer Neural Network
Poirazi, P., Brannon, T., & Mel, B. W. (2003) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/s0896-6273(03)00149-1 · Cited by 792 · see citing works
Feedforward, horizontal, and feedback processing in the visual cortex
Lamme, V. A. F., Supèr, H., & Spekreijse, H. (1998) · Current Opinion in Neurobiology · doi:10.1016/s0959-4388(98)80042-1 · Cited by 624 · see citing works
Dendritic spikes as a mechanism for cooperative long-term potentiation
Golding, N. L., Staff, N. P., & Spruston, N. (2002) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature00854 · Cited by 623 · see citing works
Action potential initiation and propagation in rat neocortical pyramidal neurons
Stuart, G. J., Schiller, J., & Sakmann, B. J. (1997) · The Journal of Physiology · doi:10.1111/j.1469-7793.1997.617ba.x · Cited by 585 · see citing works
Theoretical Significance of Dendritic Trees for Neuronal Input-Output Relations (1964)
Rall, W. (1994) · The MIT Press eBooks · doi:10.7551/mitpress/6743.003.0015 · Cited by 572 · see citing works
Comparison of discharge variability in vitro and in vivo in cat visual cortex neurons
Holt, G. R., Softky, W. R., Christof Koch, A., & Douglas, R. J. (1996) · Journal of Neurophysiology · doi:10.1152/jn.1996.75.5.1806 · Cited by 526 · see citing works
Calcium action potentials restricted to distal apical dendrites of rat neocortical pyramidal neurons
Schiller, J., Schiller, Y., Stuart, G. J., & Sakmann, B. J. (1997) · The Journal of Physiology · doi:10.1111/j.1469-7793.1997.605ba.x · Cited by 519 · see citing works
Intrinsic and network rhythmogenesis in a reduced traub model for CA3 neurons
Pinsky, P. F., & Rinzel, J. (1994) · Journal of Computational Neuroscience · doi:10.1007/bf00962717 · Cited by 513 · see citing works
Amplification of EPSPs by axosomatic sodium channels in neocortical pyramidal neurons
Stuart, G. J., & Sakmann, B. (1995) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/0896-6273(95)90095-0 · Cited by 434 · see citing works
Larkum, M. E., Zhu, J., & Sakmann, B. J. (2001) · The Journal of Physiology · doi:10.1111/j.1469-7793.2001.0447a.x · Cited by 419 · see citing works
Self-citationIntrinsic and network rhythmogenesis in a reduced traub model for CA3 neurons
Pinsky, P. F., & Rinzel's, J. (1995) · Journal of Computational Neuroscience · doi:10.1007/bf00961439 · Cited by 410 · see citing works
Dependence of EPSP Efficacy on Synapse Location in Neocortical Pyramidal Neurons
Williams, S. R., & Stuart, G. J. (2002) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1067903 · Cited by 378 · see citing works
Dendritic coincidence detection of EPSPs and action potentials
Stuart, G. J., & Häusser, M. (2001) · Nature Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/82910 · Cited by 354 · see citing works
Fritschy, J., Weinmann, O., Wenzel, A., & Benke, D. (1998) · The Journal of Comparative Neurology · doi:10.1002/(sici)1096-9861(19980112)390:2 · Cited by 321 · see citing works
Schwindt, P. C., & Crill, W. E. (1995) · Journal of Neurophysiology · doi:10.1152/jn.1995.74.5.2220 · Cited by 305 · see citing works
Mechanisms and consequences of action potential burst firing in rat neocortical pyramidal neurons
Williams, S. R., & Stuart, G. J. (1999) · The Journal of Physiology · doi:10.1111/j.1469-7793.1999.00467.x · Cited by 298 · see citing works
Areas Involved in Encoding and Applying Directional Expectations to Moving Objects
Shulman, G. L., Ollinger, J. M., Akbudak, E., Conturo, T. E., Snyder, A. Z., Petersen, S. E., & Corbetta, M. (1999) · The Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.19-21-09480.1999 · Cited by 298 · see citing works
Effects of Attention on the Reliability of Individual Neurons in Monkey Visual Cortex
McAdams, C. J., & Maunsell, J. H. R. (1999) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/s0896-6273(01)80034-9 · Cited by 286 · see citing works
Berger, T. K., Larkum, M. E., & Lüscher, H. (2001) · Journal of Neurophysiology · doi:10.1152/jn.2001.85.2.855 · Cited by 286 · see citing works
Self-citationAriav, G., Poleg-Polsky, A., & Schiller, J. (2003) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.23-21-07750.2003 · Cited by 276 · see citing works
Salinas, E., & B, T. J. S. A. (2001) · The Neuroscientist · doi:10.1177/107385840100700512 · Cited by 264 · see citing works
Llinás, R. R., Leznik, E., & Urbano, F. J. (2002) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.012604899 · Cited by 262 · see citing works
Synaptic physiology of horizontal afferents to layer I in slices of rat SI neocortex
Cauller, L., & Connors, B. W. (1994) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.14-02-00751.1994 · Cited by 252 · see citing works
Larkum, M. E., & Zhu, J. (2002) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.22-16-06991.2002 · Cited by 249 · see citing works
Self-citationGain control of firing rate by shunting inhibition: Roles of synaptic noise and dendritic saturation
Prescott, S. A., & De Koninck, Y. (2003) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.0337591100 · Cited by 226 · see citing works
Pike, F. G., Meredith, R. M., Olding, A. W. A., & Paulsen, O. (1999) · The Journal of Physiology · doi:10.1111/j.1469-7793.1999.0571p.x · Cited by 226 · see citing works
Layer I of primary sensory neocortex: where top-down converges upon bottom-up
Cauller, L. (1995) · Behavioural Brain Research · doi:10.1016/0166-4328(95)00032-1 · Cited by 225 · see citing works
Sub-millisecond coincidence detection in active dendritic trees
Softky, W. R. (1994) · Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/0306-4522(94)90154-6 · Cited by 211 · see citing works
The information efficacy of a synapse
London, M., Schreibman, A., Häusser, M., Larkum, M. E., & Segev, I. (2002) · Nature Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nn826 · Cited by 161 · see citing works
Self-citationDifferent Balance of Excitation and Inhibition in Forward and Feedback Circuits of Rat Visual Cortex
Shao, Z., & Burkhalter, A. (1996) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.16-22-07353.1996 · Cited by 143 · see citing works
Integrating Top-Down and Bottom-Up Sensory Processing by Somato-Dendritic Interactions
Siegel, M., Kording, K. P., & Peter König, B. (2000) · Journal of Computational Neuroscience · doi:10.1023/a:1008973215925 · Cited by 117 · see citing works
Learning with two sites of synaptic integration
Kording, K. P., & Peter König, B. (2000) · Network Computation in Neural Systems · doi:10.1088/0954-898x_11_1_302 · Cited by 105 · see citing works
Extrastriate feedback to primary visual cortex in primates: a quantitative analysis of connectivity
Budd, J. M. L. (1998) · Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series B: Biological Sciences · doi:10.1098/rspb.1998.0396 · Cited by 99 · see citing works
A Fast-Conducting, Stochastic Integrative Mode for Neocortical NeuronsInVivo
Rudolph, M., & Alain Destexhe, A. (2003) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.23-06-02466.2003 · Cited by 96 · see citing works
Somatosensory Thalamus of the Rat
Diamond, M. (1995) · Cerebral cortex · doi:10.1007/978-1-4757-9616-2_4 · Cited by 79 · see citing works
Burst Firing and Modulation of Functional Connectivity in Cat Striate Cortex
Snider, R. K., Kabara, J. F., Roig, B. R., & Bonds, A. B. (1998) · Journal of Neurophysiology · doi:10.1152/jn.1998.80.2.730 · Cited by 78 · see citing works
Apical tuft input efficacy in layer 5 pyramidal cells from rat visual cortex
Rhodes, P. A., & Llinás, R. R. (2001) · The Journal of Physiology · doi:10.1111/j.1469-7793.2001.00167.x · Cited by 56 · see citing works
Boosting of neuronal firing evoked with asynchronous and synchronous inputs to the dendrite
Oviedo, H. V., & Reyes, A. D. (2002) · Nature Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nn807 · Cited by 56 · see citing works
Timing and Precision of Spike Initiation in Layer V Pyramidal Cells of the Rat Somatosensory Cortex
Berger, T. (2003) · Cerebral Cortex · doi:10.1093/cercor/13.3.274 · Cited by 53 · see citing works
Oakley, J. C., Schwindt, P. C., & Crill, W. E. (2001) · Journal of Neurophysiology · doi:10.1152/jn.2001.86.1.514 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
Functional implications of dendritic voltage-dependent conductances
Crill, W. E. (1999) · Journal of Physiology-Paris · doi:10.1016/s0928-4257(99)80132-6 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Cortico-hippocampal communication by way of parallel parahippocampal-subicular pathways.
Lavenex (2000) · Pure Amsterdam UMC · doi:10.1002/1098-1063(2000)10:4 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
Research works printed but not linked: 1
- Abeles M (1994) Firing rates and well-timed events. In: Models of neural networks II (Domany E, Schulten K, van Hemmen JL, eds), ch. 3. New York: Springer-Verlag.
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Pyramidal neurons: dendritic structure and synaptic integration
Spruston, N. (2008) · Nature Reviews Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nrn2286 · Cited by 1,688 · see citing works
The subcellular organization of neocortical excitatory connections
Petreanu, L., Mao, T., Sternson, S. M., & Svoboda, K. (2009) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature07709 · Cited by 1,047 · see citing works
Consciousness without a cerebral cortex: A challenge for neuroscience and medicine
Merker, B. (2007) · Behavioral and Brain Sciences · doi:10.1017/s0140525x07000891 · Cited by 868 · see citing works
Predictions not commands: Active inference in the motor system
Adams, R. A., Shipp, S., & Friston, K. J. (2013) · Brain Structure and Function · doi:10.1007/s00429-012-0475-5 · Cited by 765 · see citing works
A cellular mechanism for cortical associations: an organizing principle for the cerebral cortex
Larkum, M. (2013) · Trends in Neurosciences · doi:10.1016/j.tins.2012.11.006 · Cited by 755 · see citing works
Self-citationUncertainty and stress: Why it causes diseases and how it is mastered by the brain
Peters, A., McEwen, B. S., & Friston, K. (2017) · Progress in Neurobiology · doi:10.1016/j.pneurobio.2017.05.004 · Cited by 652 · see citing works
Correlation between neural spike trains increases with firing rate
de la Rocha, J., Doiron, B., Shea-Brown, E., Josić, K., & Reyes, A. (2007) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature06028 · Cited by 644 · see citing works
A review of predictive coding algorithms
Spratling, M. W. (2017) · Brain and Cognition · doi:10.1016/j.bandc.2015.11.003 · Cited by 437 · see citing works
Silver, R. A. (2010) · Nature Reviews Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nrn2864 · Cited by 481 · see citing works
Rapid Neocortical Dynamics: Cellular and Network Mechanisms
Haider, B., & McCormick, D. A. (2009) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2009.04.008 · Cited by 441 · see citing works
Nonlinear dynamic causal models for fMRI
Stephan, K. E., Kasper, L., Harrison, L. M., Daunizeau, J., den Ouden, H. E. M., Breakspear, M., & Friston, K. J. (2008) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2008.04.262 · Cited by 416 · see citing works
Dendritic encoding of sensory stimuli controlled by deep cortical interneurons
Murayama, M., Pérez-Garci, E., Nevian, T., Bock, T., Senn, W., & Larkum, M. E. (2009) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature07663 · Cited by 369 · see citing works
Self-citationActivity in motor-sensory projections reveals distributed coding in somatosensation
Petreanu, L., Gutnisky, D. A., Huber, D., Xu, N.-L., O’Connor, D. H., Tian, L., Looger, L., & Svoboda, K. (2012) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature11321 · Cited by 347 · see citing works
Dynamic causal modelling: A critical review of the biophysical and statistical foundations
Daunizeau, J., David, O., & Stephan, K. E. (2011) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2009.11.062 · Cited by 331 · see citing works
Mechanisms underlying gain modulation in the cortex
Ferguson, K. A., & Cardin, J. A. (2020) · Nature Reviews Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/s41583-019-0253-y · Cited by 327 · see citing works
The Cellular Basis of GABA <sub>B</sub> -Mediated Interhemispheric Inhibition
Palmer, L. M., Schulz, J. M., Murphy, S. C., Ledergerber, D., Murayama, M., & Larkum, M. E. (2012) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1217276 · Cited by 284 · see citing works
Self-citationNeural coding during active somatosensation revealed using illusory touch
O'Connor, D. H., Hires, S. A., Guo, Z. V., Li, N., Yu, J., Sun, Q.-Q., Huber, D., & Svoboda, K. (2013) · Nature Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nn.3419 · Cited by 252 · see citing works
Distinct Roles of the Cortical Layers of Area V1 in Figure-Ground Segregation
Self, M. W., van Kerkoerle, T., Supèr, H., & Roelfsema, P. R. (2013) · Current Biology · doi:10.1016/j.cub.2013.09.013 · Cited by 249 · see citing works
Perirhinal input to neocortical layer 1 controls learning
Doron, G., Shin, J. N., Takahashi, N., Drüke, M., Bocklisch, C., Skenderi, S., de Mont, L., Toumazou, M., Ledderose, J., Brecht, M., et al. (2020) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.aaz3136 · Cited by 160 · see citing works
Self-citationReconciling predictive coding and biased competition models of cortical function
Spratling, M. W. (2008) · Frontiers in Computational Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/neuro.10.004.2008 · Cited by 153 · see citing works
Zikopoulos, B., & Barbas, H. (2007) · Reviews in the Neurosciences · doi:10.1515/revneuro.2007.18.6.417 · Cited by 156 · see citing works
A dendritic disinhibitory circuit mechanism for pathway-specific gating
Yang, G. R., Murray, J. D., & Wang, X.-J. (2016) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/ncomms12815 · Cited by 148 · see citing works
Higgs, M. H., Slee, S. J., & Spain, W. J. (2006) · The Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.1792-06.2006 · Cited by 124 · see citing works
Deterministic Multiplicative Gain Control with Active Dendrites
Mehaffey, W. H., Doiron, B., Maler, L., & Turner, R. W. (2005) · The Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.2682-05.2005 · Cited by 120 · see citing works
Parallel driving and modulatory pathways link the prefrontal cortex and thalamus
Zikopoulos, B., & Barbas, H. (2007) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0000848 · Cited by 114 · see citing works
Burst Firing Synchronizes Prefrontal and Anterior Cingulate Cortex during Attentional Control
Womelsdorf, T., Ardid, S., Everling, S., & Valiante, T. A. (2014) · Current Biology · doi:10.1016/j.cub.2014.09.046 · Cited by 113 · see citing works
Forward and backward connections in the brain: a DCM study of functional asymmetries
Chen, C. C., Henson, R. N., Stephan, K. E., Kilner, J. M., & Friston, K. J. (2009) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2008.12.041 · Cited by 109 · see citing works
Thalamic contributions to the state and contents of consciousness
Whyte, C. J., Redinbaugh, M. J., Shine, J. M., & Saalmann, Y. B. (2024) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2024.04.019 · Cited by 105 · see citing works
Merker, B. (2013) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2013.00501 · Cited by 92 · see citing works
Cortico-cortical feedback engages active dendrites in visual cortex
Fişek, M., Herrmann, D., Egea-Weiss, A., Cloves, M., Bauer, L., Lee, T.-Y., Russell, L. E., & Häusser, M. (2023) · Nature · doi:10.1038/s41586-023-06007-6 · Cited by 80 · see citing works
The effects of arousal on apical amplification and conscious state
Phillips, W. A., Larkum, M. E., Harley, C. W., & Silverstein, S. M. (2016) · Neuroscience of Consciousness · doi:10.1093/nc/niw015 · Cited by 75 · see citing works
Self-citationApical drive-A cellular mechanism of dreaming?
Aru, J., Siclari, F., Phillips, W. A., & Storm, J. F. (2020) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2020.09.018 · Cited by 74 · see citing works
Arsiero, M., Lüscher, H.-R., Lundstrom, B. N., & Giugliano, M. (2007) · The Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.4937-06.2007 · Cited by 75 · see citing works
Effects of repeated stress on excitatory drive of basal amygdala neurons in vivo
Padival, M., Quinette, D., & Rosenkranz, J. A. (2013) · Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1038/npp.2013.74 · Cited by 75 · see citing works
Blume, S. R., Padival, M., Urban, J. H., & Rosenkranz, J. A. (2019) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-019-48683-3 · Cited by 71 · see citing works
Neocortical layer 5 subclasses: from cellular properties to roles in behavior
Moberg, S., & Takahashi, N. (2022) · Frontiers in Synaptic Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnsyn.2022.1006773 · Cited by 62 · see citing works
Cognitive functions of intracellular mechanisms for contextual amplification
Phillips, W. A. (2017) · Brain and Cognition · doi:10.1016/j.bandc.2015.09.005 · Cited by 62 · see citing works
Apical amplification—a cellular mechanism of conscious perception?
Marvan, T., Polák, M., Bachmann, T., & Phillips, W. A. (2021) · Neuroscience of Consciousness · doi:10.1093/nc/niab036 · Cited by 45 · see citing works
Guan, D., Armstrong, W. E., & Foehring, R. C. (2015) · Journal of Neurophysiology · doi:10.1152/jn.00524.2014 · Cited by 47 · see citing works
Time-dependent, layer-specific modulation of sensory responses mediated by neocortical layer 1
Shlosberg, D., Amitai, Y., & Azouz, R. (2006) · Journal of Neurophysiology · doi:10.1152/jn.00520.2006 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Reinforcement learning of linking and tracing contours in recurrent neural networks
Brosch, T., Neumann, H., & Roelfsema, P. R. (2015) · PLoS Computational Biology · doi:10.1371/journal.pcbi.1004489 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
The Cooperative Neuron: Cellular Foundations of Mental Life
Phillips, W. A. (2023) · doi:10.1093/oso/9780198876984.001.0001 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
The conductor model of consciousness, our neuromorphic twins, and the human-AI deal
Benitez, F., Pennartz, C., & Senn, W. (2023) · doi:10.31234/osf.io/gbzd6 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
- Authors
- Larkum, M. E.
- Affiliations
- University of Bern (CH)
- Corresponding author
- Larkum, M. E.
- ORCID
- Larkum, M. E.
- Venue
- Cerebral Cortex
- Publisher
- Oxford University Press (OUP)
- Published
- 2004-04-27
- Volume
- 14
- Issue
- 10
- Pages
- 1059-1070
- ISSN
- 1047-3211 (ISSN-L)
- 1460-2199
- OpenAlex
- W2160094115
- Cited by
- 366
- References
- 53
- Citations by year
- 2026: 12 · 2025: 16 · 2024: 22 · 2023: 40 · 2022: 14 · 2021: 39 · 2020: 12 · 2019: 11 · 2018: 4 · 2017: 15 · 2016: 13 · 2015: 18 · 2014: 20 · 2013: 21 · 2012: 13
- FWCI
- 6.37
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Cerebral Cortex (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- reroDoc Digital Library (submittedVersion)
- Bern Open Repository and Information System (University of Bern) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Open Access CRIS of the University of Bern
- Funders
- University of Bern
- Schweizerischer Nationalfonds zur Förderung der Wissenschaftlichen Forschung (61335)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural dynamics and brain function
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neuroscience and Neuropharmacology Research
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Ion channel regulation and function
- Keywords
- top-down feedback, layer 5 pyramidal neurons, primary somatosensory cortex, backpropagating action potentials, frequency-current relationship, burst firing, spike timing coding
- MeSH terms
- Action Potentials, Animals, Dendrites, Rats, Wistar, Pyramidal Cells, Neocortex, Rats
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
