CoChat
Sign Up
Cited by 3Stress Responses and CortisolMetabolomics and Mass Spectrometry StudiesEmotion and Mood Recognition

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 10 of the 10 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Uncovering the metabolic impact of acute psychological stress in young adults

Open access
Frempong, Gifty Animwaa, Goni, Guillermina, Lorenzo-Tejedor, Mónica, De la Cámara, Concepción, Lázaro, Jesús, Mangialavori Rasia, Eugenia, Aguiló, Jordi, Bailon, Raquel, Bernal, María Luisa·2026·Scientific Reports
DOI 10.1038/s41598-025-29572-4PMC PMC12800245

Published version of a preprint

Open this paper in CoChat — free accountOpen PDF

Abstract

Stress is associated with the onset of various neurological disorders, such as depression, post-traumatic stress disorder, and anxiety. Although extensively studied, the metabolic changes triggered in response to stress remain unclear. We conducted a descriptive observational study on acute stress responses in university students, combining psychometric, biochemical, and untargeted metabolomic analyses, along with machine learning predictions. In this study, forty participants underwent both relaxation and stress induction through a modified Trier Social Stress Test. Validated psychometric tests confirmed proper induction of both states. Although most biomarkers show significant changes under acute stress state, the machine learning predictive model identified salivary α-amylase and the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory-state (STAI-s) as potential stress markers. Additionally, several metabolic pathways, including steroid hormone biosynthesis, glycerophospholipid metabolism, linoleic acid metabolism, tyrosine metabolism, and aminoacyl-tRNA biosynthesis, presented alterations under acute mental stress. Our findings highlight the impact of acute mental stress on multiple metabolic pathways directly implicated in stress-related disorders. These findings advance the understanding of the adverse effects systematically associated with stress and provide evidence supporting the potential role of salivary α-amylase and STAI-s as stress markers. Yet, they should be regarded as important hypothesis generators. However, further studies are needed for final validation.

Overview

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1038/s41598-025-29572-4

Cites

10 of 10 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Verification

Claims the paper makes

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Self-check

Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.

The self-check needs the paper’s full text.

Citations

Cites

Flagged first, then by citations

Research works printed but not linked: 84

  1. Chrousos, G. P. Stress and disorders of the stress system. Nat. Rev. Endocrinol. 5, 374–381. https://doi.org/10.1038/nrendo.2009.106 (2009). · DOI · Paper page
  2. Chrousos, G. P. & Gold, P. W. The concepts of stress and stress system disorders. Overview of physical and behavioral homeostasis. JAMA 267, 1244–1252. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.1992.03480090092034 (1992). · DOI · Paper page
  3. Resick, P. A. 2001 Classifying reactions to stress and trauma in Stress and Trauma 1–28 in Clinical Psychology: A Modular Course (Psychology Press, Taylor and Francis Group). https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315820125 · DOI
  4. Su, C. et al. Measurement and quantification of stress in the decision process: A model-based systematic review. Intell. Comput. 3, 0090. https://doi.org/10.34133/icomputing.0090 (2024). · DOI
  5. Xin, Y. et al. The relationship between personality and the response to acute psychological stress. Sci. Rep. 7, 16906. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-017-17053-2 (2017). · DOI
  6. Iqbal, T. et al. A review of biophysiological and biochemical indicators of stress for connected and preventive healthcare. Diagnostics 11, 556. https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics11030556 (2021). · DOI
  7. Lazarus, R. S. From psychological stress to the emotions: A history of changing outlooks. Annu. Rev. Psychol. 44, 1–22. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.ps.44.020193.000245 (1993). · DOI · Paper page
  8. Tamashiro, K. L., Sakai, R. R., Shively, C. A., Karatsoreos, I. N. & Reagan, L. P. Chronic stress, metabolism, and metabolic syndrome. Stress 14, 468–474. https://doi.org/10.3109/10253890.2011.606341 (2011). · DOI
  9. Pfeifer, L. S., Heyers, K., Ocklenburg, S. & Wolf, O. T. Stress research during the COVID-19 pandemic and beyond. Neurosci. Biobehav. Rev. 131, 581–596. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.NEUBIOREV.2021.09.045 (2021). · DOI
  10. Santabárbara, J. et al. Prevalence of anxiety in the COVID-19 pandemic: An updated meta-analysis of community-based studies. Prog. Neuropsychopharmacol. Biol. Psychiatry 109, 110207. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.PNPBP.2020.110207 (2021). · DOI
  11. Keus Van De Poll, M. et al. Preventing sickness absence among employees with common mental disorders or stress-related symptoms at work: A cluster randomized controlled trial of a problem-solving-based intervention conducted by the occupational health services. Occup. Environ. Med. 77, 454–461. https://doi.org/10.1136/OEMED-2019-106353 (2020). · DOI
  12. Bergström, G. et al. Preventing sickness absenteeism among employees with common mental disorders or stress-related symptoms at work: Design of a cluster randomized controlled trial of a problem-solving based intervention versus care-as-usual conducted at the occupational health services. BMC Public Health 17, 436. https://doi.org/10.1186/S12889-017-4329-1 (2017). · DOI
  13. Kim, E. J. & Kim, J. J. Neurocognitive effects of stress: A metaparadigm perspective. Mol. Psychiatry 28, 2750–2763. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41380-023-01986-4 (2023). · DOI
  14. Thompson, D. J. et al. Stress and cortisol in disaster evacuees: An exploratory study on associations with social protective factors. Appl. Psychophysiol. Biofeedback 40, 33–44. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10484-015-9270-4 (2015). · DOI
  15. Goyal, A., Singh, S., Vir, D. & Pershad, D. Automation of stress recognition using subjective or objective measures. Psychol. Stud. 61, 348–364. https://doi.org/10.1007/S12646-016-0379-1 (2016). · DOI
  16. Arza, A. et al. Measuring acute stress response through physiological signals: Toward a quantitative assessment of stress. Med. Biol. Eng. Comput. 57, 271–287. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11517-018-1879-z (2019). · DOI · Paper page
  17. Khoulji, S. et al. Psychological and physiological profiles in oncology caregivers: A multivariable cross-sectional study. Transac. Mach. Learn. Artif. Intell. 5, 547–557 (2017).
  18. Katan, M. & Christ-Crain, M. The stress hormone copeptin: A new prognostic biomarker in acute illness. Swiss Med. Wkly. 140, 11–15. https://doi.org/10.4414/smw.2010.13101 (2010). · DOI
  19. Lorenzo-Tejedor, M. et al. Direct infusion electrospray mass spectrometry as a new noninvasive tool for serum metabolomics in induced-stress subjects. Eur. J. Psychiatry 29, 259–275. https://doi.org/10.4321/S0213-61632015000400004 (2015). · DOI
  20. Shi, B. et al. A 1H-NMR plasma metabonomic study of acute and chronic stress models of depression in rats. Behav. Brain Res. 241, 86–91. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbr.2012.11.036 (2013). · DOI
  21. Fiehn, O. Metabolomics—The link between genotypes and phenotypes. Plant Mol. Biol. 48, 155–171. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1013713905833 (2002). · DOI · Paper page
  22. Garzón Rey, J. M. et al. An approach to an acute emotional stress reference scale. Rev. Neurol. 64, 529. https://doi.org/10.33588/rn.6412.2016509 (2017). · DOI
  23. García Pagès, E. et al. Psychosomatic response to acute emotional stress in healthy students. Front. Physiol. 13, 960118. https://doi.org/10.3389/FPHYS.2022.960118 (2023). · DOI
  24. García Villar, J. & Quintana-Domeque, C. Income and body mass index in Europe. Econ. Hum. Biol. 7, 73–83. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.EHB.2009.01.006 (2009). · DOI
  25. Gromski, P. S. et al. A tutorial review: Metabolomics and partial least squares-discriminant analysis- a marriage of convenience or a shotgun wedding. Anal. Chim. Acta 879, 10–23. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aca.2015.02.012 (2015). · DOI
  26. Pang, Z. et al. MetaboAnalyst 5.0: Narrowing the gap between raw spectra and functional insights. Nucleic Acids Res. 49, W388–W396. https://doi.org/10.1093/NAR/GKAB382 (2021). · DOI
  27. Spanakis, E. K., Wand, G. S., Ji, N. & Golden, S. H. Association of HPA axis hormones with copeptin after psychological stress differs by sex. Psychoneuroendocrinology 63, 254–261. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.PSYNEUEN.2015.10.009 (2016). · DOI
  28. Siegenthaler, J., Walti, C., Urwyler, S. A., Schuetz, P. & Christ-Crain, M. Copeptin concentrations during psychological stress: The PsyCo study. Eur. J. Endocrinol. 171, 737–742. https://doi.org/10.1530/EJE-14-0405 (2014). · DOI
  29. Noushad, S. et al. Physiological biomarkers of chronic stress: A systematic review. Int. J. Health Sci. 15, 46–59 (2021).
  30. Viau, V. & Meaney, M. J. Testosterone-dependent variations in plasma and intrapituitary corticosteroid binding globulin and stress hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal activity in the male rat. J. Endocrinol. 181, 223–231. https://doi.org/10.1677/JOE.0.1810223 (2004). · DOI
  31. Bosch, J. A., Veerman, E. C., de Geus, E. J. & Proctor, G. B. α-Amylase as a reliable and convenient measure of sympathetic activity: Don’t start salivating just yet!. Psychoneuroendocrinology 36, 449–453. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psyneuen.2010.12.019 (2011). · DOI · Paper page
  32. Singh, S. et al. Preclinical investigations of therapeutic markers associated with acute and chronic restraint stress: A nuclear magnetic resonance based contrast metabolic approach. Nanotheranostics 7, 91–101. https://doi.org/10.7150/NTNO.76294 (2023). · DOI
  33. Morgan, L. et al. Saliva metabolome alterations after acute stress. Sci. Rep. 12, 18470. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-23136-6 (2022). · DOI
  34. Noerman, S. et al. Plasma lipid profile associates with the improvement of psychological well-being in individuals with perceived stress symptoms. Sci. Rep. 10, 2143. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-59051-x (2020). · DOI
  35. Bozelli, J. C., Azher, S. & Epand, R. M. Plasmalogens and chronic inflammatory diseases. Front. Physiol. 12, 730829. https://doi.org/10.3389/FPHYS.2021.730829 (2021). · DOI
  36. Hamazaki, K. et al. Effect of omega-3 fatty acid-containing phospholipids on blood catecholamine concentrations in healthy volunteers: A randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind trial. Nutrition 21, 705–710. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.NUT.2004.07.020 (2005). · DOI
  37. Lin, L. L. et al. cPLA2 is phosphorylated and activated by MAP kinase. Cell 72, 269–278. https://doi.org/10.1016/0092-8674(93)90666-E (1993). · DOI
  38. Dennis, E. A., Cao, J., Hsu, Y. H., Magrioti, V. & Kokotos, G. Phospholipase A2 enzymes: physical structure, biological function, disease implication, chemical inhibition, and therapeutic intervention. Chem. Rev. 111, 6130–6185. https://doi.org/10.1021/CR200085W (2011). · DOI
  39. Liu, P. et al. The mechanisms of lysophosphatidylcholine in the development of diseases. Life Sci. 247, 117443. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.LFS.2020.117443 (2020). · DOI · Paper page
  40. Adams, P. B., Lawson, S., Sanigorski, A. & Sinclair, A. J. Arachidonic acid to eicosapentaenoic acid ratio in blood correlates positively with clinical symptoms of depression. Lipids 31, S157–S161. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02637069 (1996). · DOI
  41. Choque, B., Catheline, D., Rioux, V. & Legrand, P. Linoleic acid: Between doubts and certainties. Biochimie 96, 14–21. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biochi.2013.07.012 (2014). · DOI
  42. Katan, M. B., Zock, P. L. & Mensink, R. P. Effects of fats and fatty acids on blood lipids in humans: An overview. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 60, 1017S-1022S. https://doi.org/10.1093/ajcn/60.6.1017S (1994). · DOI
  43. Wang, Q., Zhang, H., Jin, Q. & Wang, X. Effects of dietary linoleic acid on blood lipid profiles: A systematic review and meta-analysis of 40 randomized controlled trials. Foods 12, 2129. https://doi.org/10.3390/FOODS12112129/S1 (2023). · DOI
  44. Church, D. D., Ferrando, A. A., Gwin, J. A., Wolfe, R. R. & Pasiakos, S. M. Mitigation of muscle loss in stressed physiology: Military relevance. Nutrients 11, 1703. https://doi.org/10.3390/NU11081703 (2019). · DOI
  45. Kvetňanský, R., Pacák, K., Sabban, E. L., Kopin, I. J. & Goldstein, D. S. Stressor specificity of peripheral catecholaminergic activation. Adv. Pharmacol. 42, 556–560. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1054-3589(08)60811-X (1997). · DOI
  46. Kvetnansky, R., Lu, X. & Ziegler, M. G. Stress-triggered changes in peripheral catecholaminergic systems. Adv. Pharmacol. 68, 359–397. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-411512-5.00017-8 (2013). · DOI
  47. James, G. D. & Brown, D. E. The biological stress response and lifestyle: Catecholamines and blood pressure. Annu. Rev. Anthropol. 26, 313–335 (1997). · DOI
  48. Carter, J. R. & Goldstein, D. S. Sympathoneural and adrenomedullary responses to mental stress. Compr. Physiol. 5, 119–146. https://doi.org/10.1002/CPHY.C140030 (2015). · DOI
  49. Channer, B. et al. Dopamine, immunity, and disease. Pharmacol. Rev. 75, 62–158. https://doi.org/10.1124/PHARMREV.122.000618 (2023). · DOI
  50. Moore, S. C., Vaz de Castro, P. A., Yaqub, D., Jose, P. A. & Armando, I. Anti-inflammatory effects of peripheral dopamine. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 24, 13816. https://doi.org/10.3390/IJMS241813816 (2023). · DOI
  51. Goldstein, D. S. Catecholamines and stress. Endocr. Regul. 37, 69–80 (2003).
  52. Marinelli, M. Dopaminergic Reward Pathways and Effects of Stress. In Stress and Addiction (ed. al’Absi, M.) 41–83 (Elsevier, 2007). · DOI
  53. Baik, J. H. Stress and the dopaminergic reward system. Exp. Mol. Med. 52, 1879–1890. https://doi.org/10.1038/S12276-020-00532-4 (2020). · DOI
  54. Levine, S. & Muneyyirci-Delale, O. Stress-induced hyperprolactinemia: Pathophysiology and clinical approach. Obstet. Gynecol. Int. 1, 9253083. https://doi.org/10.1155/2018/9253083 (2018). · DOI
  55. Jaroenporn, S. et al. Physiological roles of prolactin in the adrenocortical response to acute restraint stress. Endocr. J. 54, 703–711. https://doi.org/10.1507/ENDOCRJ.K07-003 (2007). · DOI
  56. Faron-Górecka, A. et al. The Involvement of prolactin in stress-related disorders. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 20, 3257. https://doi.org/10.3390/IJERPH20043257 (2023). · DOI
  57. Ruiz-Herrera, X. et al. Prolactin promotes adipose tissue fitness and insulin sensitivity in obese males. Endocrinology 158, 56–68. https://doi.org/10.1210/EN.2016-1444 (2017). · DOI · Paper page
  58. Ochoa-Amaya, J. E. et al. Acute and chronic stress and the inflammatory response in hyperprolactinemic rats. NeuroImmunoModulation 17, 386–395. https://doi.org/10.1159/000292063 (2010). · DOI
  59. Song, J. et al. Prolactin mediates effects of chronic psychological stress on induction of fibrofatty cells in the heart. Am. J. Transl. Res. 8, 644–652 (2016).
  60. Dennerstein, L. et al. Progesterone and the premenstrual syndrome: A double blind crossover trial. Br. Med. J. (Clin. Res. Ed.) 290, 1617. https://doi.org/10.1136/BMJ.290.6482.1617 (1985). · DOI
  61. Wirth, M. M., Meier, E. A., Fredrickson, B. L. & Schultheiss, O. C. Relationship between salivary cortisol and progesterone levels in humans. Biol. Psychol. 74, 104–107. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.BIOPSYCHO.2006.06.007 (2007). · DOI
  62. Maes, M., Christophe, A., Bosmans, E., Lin, A. & Neels, H. In humans, serum polyunsaturated fatty acid levels predict the response of proinflammatory cytokines to psychologic stress. Biol. Psychiatry 47, 910–920. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0006-3223(99)00268-1 (2000). · DOI · Paper page
  63. Zhang, X. S. et al. Caprylic acid improves lipid metabolism, suppresses the inflammatory response and activates the ABCA1/p-JAK2/p-STAT3 signaling pathway in C57BL/6J mice and RAW264.7 cells. Biomed. Environ. Sci. 35, 95–106. https://doi.org/10.3967/BES2022.014 (2022). · DOI
  64. Azcoitia, I., Barreto, G. E. & Garcia-Segura, L. M. Molecular mechanisms and cellular events involved in the neuroprotective actions of estradiol. Analysis of sex differences. Front. Neuroendocrinol. 55, 100787. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.YFRNE.2019.100787 (2019). · DOI · Paper page
  65. Engler-Chiurazzi, E. B., Brown, C. M., Povroznik, J. M. & Simpkins, J. W. Estrogens as neuroprotectants: Estrogenic actions in the context of cognitive aging and brain injury. Prog. Neurobiol. 157, 188–211. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.PNEUROBIO.2015.12.008 (2017). · DOI
  66. Wang, X. & Kattan, M. W. cohort studies: Design, analysis, and reporting. Chest 158, S72–S78. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chest.2020.03.014 (2020). · DOI
  67. Chow, S. C., Shao, J., Wang, H. & Lokhnygina, Y. Considerations prior to sample size calculation in Sample Size Calculations in Clinical Research: Third Edition 21–38 (Taylor & Francis, 2018). · DOI
  68. Kudielka, B. M., Schommer, N. C., Hellhammer, D. H. & Kirschbaum, C. Acute HPA axis responses, heart rate, and mood changes to psychosocial stress (TSST) in humans at different times of day. Psychoneuroendocrinology 29, 983–992. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psyneuen.2003.08.009 (2004). · DOI · Paper page
  69. Linden, W. The Autogenic Training Method of JH Schultz. In Principles and Practice of Stress Management (eds Lehrer, P. M. et al.) 151–174 (The Guilford Press, 2007).
  70. Birkett, M. A. The trier social stress test protocol for inducing psychological stress. J. Vis. Exp. 56, e3238. https://doi.org/10.3791/3238 (2011). · DOI
  71. Kirschbaum, C., Pirke, K. M. & Hellhammer, D. H. The ‘trier social stress test’-a tool for investigating psychobiological stress responses in a laboratory setting. Neuropsychobiology 28, 76–81. https://doi.org/10.1159/000119004 (1993). · DOI · Paper page
  72. Pfeifer, L. S. et al. Using the online version of the trier social stress test to investigate the effect of acute stress on functional lateralization. Sci. Rep. 14, 20826. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-71668-w (2024). · DOI
  73. Remor, E. Psychometric properties of a European Spanish version of the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS). Span. J. Psychol. 9, 86–93. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1138741600006004 (2006). · DOI · Paper page
  74. Guillén, A. & Buela, G. State trait anxiety inventory factorial structure for patients diagnosed with depression. Salud Ment. 38, 293–298. https://doi.org/10.17711/SM.0185-3325.2015.040 (2015). · DOI
  75. Cohen, S., Kamarck, T. & Mermelstein, R. A global measure of perceived stress. J. Health Soc. Behav. 24, 385–396. https://doi.org/10.2307/2136404 (1983). · DOI · Paper page
  76. McCormack, H. M., Horne, D. J. & Sheather, S. Clinical applications of visual analog scales: A critical review. Psychol. Med. 18, 1007–1019. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0033291700009934 (1988). · DOI
  77. Lesage, F. X. & Berjot, S. Validity of occupational stress assessment using a visual analog scale. Occup. Med. 61, 434–436. https://doi.org/10.1093/occmed/kqr037 (2011). · DOI
  78. Spielberger, C. D. State-Trait Anxiety Inventory in The Corsini Encyclopedia of Psychology (Wiley, 2010). https://doi.org/10.1002/9780470479216.corpsy0943. · DOI · Paper page
  79. Alfaro, E., Gáamez, M. & García, N. Adabag: An R package for classification with boosting and bagging. J. Stat. Softw. 54, 1–35. https://doi.org/10.18637/JSS.V054.I02 (2013). · DOI
  80. González-Domínguez, R., Sayago, A. & Fernández-Recamales, Á. Direct infusion mass spectrometry for metabolomic phenotyping of diseases. Bioanalysis 9, 131–148. https://doi.org/10.4155/BIO-2016-0202 (2017). · DOI
  81. Haijes, H. A. et al. Direct infusion based metabolomics identifies metabolic disease in patients’ dried blood spots and plasma. Metabolites 9, 12. https://doi.org/10.3390/METABO9010012 (2019). · DOI
  82. Broadhurst, D. et al. Guidelines and considerations for the use of system suitability and quality control samples in mass spectrometry assays applied in untargeted clinical metabolomic studies. Metabolomics 14, 1–17. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11306-018-1367-3 (2018). · DOI
  83. Kanehisa, M., Furumichi, M., Sato, Y., Matsuura, Y. & Ishiguro-Watanabe, M. KEGG: Biological systems database as a model of the real world. Nucleic Acids Res. 53, D672–D677. https://doi.org/10.1093/NAR/GKAE909 (2025). · DOI
  84. Kanehisa, M. & Goto, S. KEGG: Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes. Nucleic Acids Res. 28, 27–30. https://doi.org/10.1093/NAR/28.1.27 (2000). · DOI · Paper page

Metadata

Authors
Frempong, G. A., Goni, G., Lorenzo-Tejedor, M., De la Cámara, C., Lázaro, J., Mangialavori Rasia, E., Aguiló, J., Bailon, R., & Bernal, M. L.
Affiliations
  • Universidad de Zaragoza (ES)
  • Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (ES)
ORCID
Venue
Scientific Reports
Publisher
Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Published
2026-01-10
Volume
16
Issue
1
Pages
1567-1567
ISSN
2045-2322 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.1038/s41598-025-29572-4
PMC
PMC12800245
OpenAlex
W7119575705
Cited by
3
References
10
Citations by year
2026: 3
FWCI
13.82
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
Locations
  • Scientific Reports (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
  • Research Square (acceptedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
  • Zaguan (Universidad de Zaragoza) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
  • DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
Funders
  • Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (TED2021- 131106B-I00)
  • European Social Fund Plus
  • Gobierno de Aragón (T39 23R)
Topics
  • Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Behavioral Neuroscience › Stress Responses and Cortisol
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Metabolomics and Mass Spectrometry Studies
  • Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Artificial Intelligence › Emotion and Mood Recognition
Keywords
acute psychological stress, stress response, young adults, university students, salivary amylase, stress biomarkers, untargeted metabolomics, metabolic pathways, steroidogenesis, glycerophospholipid metabolism, linoleic acid metabolism, tyrosine metabolism, aminoacyl-tRNA biosynthesis, Trier Social Stress Test, stress-related disorders
MeSH terms
Machine Learning, Adolescent, Adult, Anxiety, Female, Humans, Male, Psychometrics, Saliva, Stress, Psychological, Biomarkers, Salivary alpha-Amylases, Metabolomics, Young Adult

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review