Stress, Inflammation, and Defense of Homeostasis
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Inflammation is traditionally considered a defense response induced by infection or injury. However, inflammation can also be induced by tissue stress and malfunction in the absence of infection or overt tissue damage. Here we discuss the relationship between homeostasis, stress responses, and inflammation. Stress responses have cell-autonomous and cell-extrinsic components, the latter contributing to tissue level adaptation to stress conditions. Inflammation can be thought of as the extreme end of a spectrum that ranges from homeostasis to stress response to bona fide inflammatory response. Inflammation can be triggered by two types of stimuli: extreme deviations of homeostasis or challenges that cause a disruption of homeostasis. This perspective may help to explain qualitative differences and functional outcomes of diverse inflammatory responses.
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Inflammation is theorized to be a unifying feature of homeostatic perturbation, providing a protective response to extreme deviations from the homeostatic set point.
“Inflammation is theorized to be a unifying feature of homeostatic perturbation: providing a protective response to extreme deviations from the homeostatic set point174,175.”
From Neural mechanisms of social homeostasis (2019) · cites this paper as [174]
Several studies found that sleep reduces neutrophil counts, although some studies did not find any changes.
“In contrast, several studies found that sleep reduces neutrophil counts (69, 112, 178, 287, 326, 338, 480, 580), although again some studies did not find any changes (67, 103, 122, 469).”
From The Sleep-Immune Crosstalk in Health and Disease (2019) · cites this paper as [112]
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- Authors
- Chovatiya, R., & Medzhitov, R.
- Affiliations
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute (US)
- Corresponding author
- Medzhitov, Ruslan
- Venue
- Molecular Cell
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2014-04
- Volume
- 54
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 281-288
- ISSN
- 1097-2765 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC4048989
- OpenAlex
- W1975024842
- Cited by
- 704
- References
- 54
- Citations by year
- 2026: 42 · 2025: 66 · 2024: 60 · 2023: 57 · 2022: 80 · 2021: 72 · 2020: 63 · 2019: 64 · 2018: 54 · 2017: 54 · 2016: 51 · 2015: 31 · 2014: 8 · 2013: 1
- FWCI
- 4.69
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Molecular Cell (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute
- Blavatnik Family Foundation
- National Institutes of Health (AI046688)
- National Institute of General Medical Sciences (T32GM007205)
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (R37AI046688, AI046688)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › Immune Response and Inflammation
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Inflammasome and immune disorders
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Cancer Research › NF-κB Signaling Pathways
- Keywords
- inflammation, homeostasis, tissue stress, stress response, tissue adaptation
- MeSH terms
- Gene Expression Regulation, HeLa Cells, Homeostasis, Humans, Inflammation, Models, Biological, Stress, Physiological
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