The DOI matches its Crossref record; 23 of the 23 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
A computational solution for bolstering reliability of epigenetic clocks: implications for clinical trials and longitudinal tracking
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“For example, there is evidence that age-related methylation varies across different circulating immune cells 51.”
From Validation of biomarkers of aging (2024) · cites this paper as [51]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
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“Our primary analysis focused on the PC versions of the PhenoAge and GrimAge second-generation clocks and DunedinPACE, all of which show exceptional test–retest reliability in technical replicates.”
From Effect of long-term caloric restriction on DNA methylation measures of biological aging in healthy adults from the CALERIE trial (2023) · cites this paper as [25]
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“We analyzed versions of the PhenoAge and GrimAge clocks constructed from DNAm principal components (PCs) (hereafter ‘PC clocks’), which have superior technical reliability as compared with the original versions of these measures25; DunedinPACE was originally designed to have high technical reliability.”
From Effect of long-term caloric restriction on DNA methylation measures of biological aging in healthy adults from the CALERIE trial (2023) · cites this paper as [25]
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
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“A limitation of several DNAm clocks is that when residualized for chronological age, values show only moderate test–retest reliability across technical replicates.”
From Effect of long-term caloric restriction on DNA methylation measures of biological aging in healthy adults from the CALERIE trial (2023) · cites this paper as [25]
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“Importantly, we found that second-generation (generation 2+) DNAm biomarkers, such as PCGrimAge12, SystemsAge11 and DunedinPACE10, showed the strongest and most consistent responsiveness.”
From Responsiveness of epigenetic aging biomarkers to longevity interventions in humans (2026) · cites this paper as [12]
In the citing paper
“The resulting ‘PC clocks’ demonstrate exceptional test–retest reliability across technical replicates.”
From Effect of long-term caloric restriction on DNA methylation measures of biological aging in healthy adults from the CALERIE trial (2023) · cites this paper as [25]
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Citations
Cites
A guideline of selecting and reporting intraclass correlation coefficients for reliability research
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lmerTest Package: Tests in Linear Mixed Effects Models
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DNA methylation age of human tissues and cell types
Horvath, S. (2013) · Genome Biology · doi:10.1186/gb-2013-14-10-r115 · Cited by 7,075
DNA methylation arrays as surrogate measures of cell mixture distribution
Houseman, E. A., Accomando, W. P., Koestler, D. C., Christensen, B. C., Marsit, C. J., Nelson, H. H., Wiencke, J. K., & Kelsey, K. T. (2012) · BMC Bioinformatics · doi:10.1186/1471-2105-13-86 · Cited by 3,175
DNA methylation GrimAge strongly predicts lifespan and healthspan
Lu, A. T., Quach, A., Wilson, J. G., Reiner, A. P., Aviv, A., Raj, K., Hou, L., Baccarelli, A. A., Li, Y., Stewart, J. D., et al. (2019) · Aging · doi:10.18632/aging.101684 · Cited by 2,540
Self-citationKhalifa, A. A. Z., Ichikawa, M., Dai, D., Kubo, S., Black, C. S., Peri, K., McAlear, T. S., Veyron, S., Yang, S. K., Vargas, J., et al. (2020) · eLife · doi:10.7554/elife.52760 · Cited by 1,676
A data-driven approach to preprocessing Illumina 450K methylation array data
Pidsley, R., Y Wong, C. C., Volta, M., Lunnon, K., Mill, J., & Schalkwyk, L. C. (2013) · BMC Genomics · doi:10.1186/1471-2164-14-293 · Cited by 1,143 · cited 2×
“We examined 34 individuals with two scans each in cerebellum 36 .”
BackgroundMethodDNA methylation aging clocks: challenges and recommendations
Bell, C. G., Lowe, R., Adams, P. D., Baccarelli, A. A., Beck, S., Bell, J. T., Christensen, B. C., Gladyshev, V. N., Heijmans, B. T., Horvath, S., et al. (2019) · Genome Biology · doi:10.1186/s13059-019-1824-y · Cited by 1,025
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Self-citationWaziry, R., Ryan, C. P., Corcoran, D. L., Huffman, K. M., Kobor, M. S., Kothari, M., Graf, G. H., Kraus, V. B., Kraus, W. E., Lin, D. T. S., et al. (2023) · Nature Aging · doi:10.1038/s43587-022-00357-y · Cited by 217
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Responsiveness of epigenetic aging biomarkers to longevity interventions in humans
Sehgal, R., Borrus, D., Armstrong, J. F., Gonzalez, J., Kasamoto, J., Markov, Y., Priyanka, A., Smith, R., Carreras-Gallo, N., Lasky-Su, J., et al. (2026) · Nature Medicine · doi:10.1038/s41591-026-04562-9 · Cited by 31
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Metadata
- Authors
- Higgins-Chen, A. T., Thrush, K. L., Wang, Y., Minteer, C. J., Kuo, P.-L., Wang, M., Niimi, P., Sturm, G., Lin, J., Moore, A. Z., Bandinelli, S., Vinkers, C. H., Vermetten, E., Rutten, B. P. F., Geuze, E., Okhuijsen-Pfeifer, C., van der Horst, M. Z., Schreiter, S., Gutwinski, S., Luykx, J. J., Picard, M., Ferrucci, L., Crimmins, E. M., Boks, M. P., Hägg, S., Hu-Seliger, T. T., & Levine, M. E.
- Venue
- Nature Aging
- Published
- 2022-07-15
- Volume
- 2
- Issue
- 7
- Pages
- 644-661
- ISSN
- 2662-8465
- PMC
- PMC9586209
- Cited by
- 502
- References
- 23
- Language
- en
- Funders
- U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute of Mental Health (2T32MH019961-21A1)
- Yale University
- U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs
- U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute on Aging (R01AG066828, R01AG060110, U01AG009740, 1R01AG068285, 1R01AG065403, 1R01AG057912)
- Rudolf Magnus Talent Fellowship
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