Epigenetic Predictor of Age
Open accessAbstract
From the moment of conception, we begin to age. A decay of cellular structures, gene regulation, and DNA sequence ages cells and organisms. DNA methylation patterns change with increasing age and contribute to age related disease. Here we identify 88 sites in or near 80 genes for which the degree of cytosine methylation is significantly correlated with age in saliva of 34 male identical twin pairs between 21 and 55 years of age. Furthermore, we validated sites in the promoters of three genes and replicated our results in a general population sample of 31 males and 29 females between 18 and 70 years of age. The methylation of three sites--in the promoters of the EDARADD, TOM1L1, and NPTX2 genes--is linear with age over a range of five decades. Using just two cytosines from these loci, we built a regression model that explained 73% of the variance in age, and is able to predict the age of an individual with an average accuracy of 5.2 years. In forensic science, such a model could estimate the age of a person, based on a biological sample alone. Furthermore, a measurement of relevant sites in the genome could be a tool in routine medical screening to predict the risk of age-related diseases and to tailor interventions based on the epigenetic bio-age instead of the chronological age.
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Bocklandt et al. demonstrated highly accurate chronological age prediction (within about 5 years) using only about 100 saliva samples.
“The first DNA methylation clock was an elastic net model (BOX 1) built in 2011 by Bocklandt et al.53, who demonstrated highly accurate chronological age prediction (within ~5 years) using only about 100 saliva samples.”
From Measuring biological age using omics data (2022) · cites this paper as [53]
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- Authors
- Bocklandt, S., Lin, W., Sehl, M. E., Sánchez, F. J., Sinsheimer, J. S., Horvath, S., & Vilain, E.
- Affiliations
- University of California, Los Angeles (US)
- Corresponding author
- Vilain, Eric
- Venue
- PLoS ONE
- Publisher
- Public Library of Science (PLoS)
- Published
- 2011-06-22
- Volume
- 6
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- e14821
- ISSN
- 1932-6203 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC3120753
- OpenAlex
- W2080644309
- Cited by
- 1,012
- References
- 22
- Citations by year
- 2026: 56 · 2025: 71 · 2024: 83 · 2023: 92 · 2022: 95 · 2021: 108 · 2020: 87 · 2019: 64 · 2018: 52 · 2017: 65 · 2016: 58 · 2015: 63 · 2014: 43 · 2013: 40 · 2012: 30
- FWCI
- 14.97
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Locations
- PLoS ONE (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- eScholarship (California Digital Library) (submittedVersion)
- Figshare (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Epigenetics and DNA Methylation
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Telomeres, Telomerase, and Senescence
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Genetic Syndromes and Imprinting
- Keywords
- DNA methylation, age prediction, epigenetic clocks, saliva, EDARADD, NPTX2, promoter methylation, forensic age estimation, age-related disease risk
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Aging, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Models, Genetic, Saliva, Twins, Reproducibility of Results, DNA Probes, DNA Methylation, Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis, Epigenesis, Genetic, Young Adult, Genetic Loci
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