Cited by 2,238Antioxidant Activity and Oxidative StressRedox biology and oxidative stressFree Radicals and Antioxidants

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Measuring reactive species and oxidative damage in vivo and in cell culture: how should you do it and what do the results mean?

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Halliwell, Barry, Whiteman, Matthew·2004·British Journal of Pharmacology

DOI 10.1038/sj.bjp.0705776PMC PMC1574951

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Abstract

Free radicals and other reactive species (RS) are thought to play an important role in many human diseases. Establishing their precise role requires the ability to measure them and the oxidative damage that they cause. This article first reviews what is meant by the terms free radical, RS, antioxidant, oxidative damage and oxidative stress. It then critically examines methods used to trap RS, including spin trapping and aromatic hydroxylation, with a particular emphasis on those methods applicable to human studies. Methods used to measure oxidative damage to DNA, lipids and proteins and methods used to detect RS in cell culture, especially the various fluorescent "probes" of RS, are also critically reviewed. The emphasis throughout is on the caution that is needed in applying these methods in view of possible errors and artifacts in interpreting the results.

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Authors: Halliwell, B., & Whiteman, M.
Affiliations: National University of Singapore (SG)
ORCID: Halliwell, Barry
Whiteman, Matthew
Venue: British Journal of Pharmacology
Publisher: Wiley
Published: 2004-05
Volume: 142
Issue: 2
Pages: 231-255
ISSN: 0007-1188 (ISSN-L)
1476-5381
DOI: 10.1038/sj.bjp.0705776
PMC: PMC1574951
OpenAlex: W1977913875
Cited by: 2,238
References: 385
Citations by year: 2026: 47 · 2025: 51 · 2024: 77 · 2023: 78 · 2022: 92 · 2021: 103 · 2020: 127 · 2019: 106 · 2018: 110 · 2017: 113 · 2016: 123 · 2015: 129 · 2014: 134 · 2013: 141 · 2012: 134
FWCI: 6.98
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: green
www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
Licence: onlinelibrary.wiley.com/termsAndConditions#vor (vor, 1734 d)
Locations: British Journal of Pharmacology (publishedVersion)
PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
National University of Singapore (submittedVersion)
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Biochemistry (medical) › Antioxidant Activity and Oxidative Stress
Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Redox biology and oxidative stress
Physical Sciences › Chemistry › Organic Chemistry › Free Radicals and Antioxidants
Keywords: reactive species, free radicals, oxidative stress, oxidative damage, antioxidants, spin trapping, aromatic hydroxylation, fluorescent probes, DNA damage, lipid peroxidation, protein oxidation, in vivo measurement, cell culture, measurement artifacts
MeSH terms: Animals, Electron Spin Resonance Spectroscopy, Humans, Predictive Value of Tests, Spectrometry, Fluorescence, Reactive Oxygen Species, Oxidative Stress, Cell Culture Techniques

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Measuring reactive species and oxidative damage in vivo and in cell culture: how should you do it and what do the results mean?

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