Cited by 71Genomics and Chromatin DynamicsCancer-related molecular mechanisms researchRNA Research and Splicing

Enhancer RNA: Biogenesis, function, and regulation

Ye, Rong, Cao, Changchang, Xue, Yuanchao·2020·Essays in Biochemistry

Abstract

Enhancers are noncoding DNA elements that are present upstream or downstream of a gene to control its spatial and temporal expression. Specific histone modifications, such as monomethylation on histone H3 lysine 4 (H3K4me1) and H3K27ac, have been widely used to assign enhancer regions in mammalian genomes. In recent years, emerging evidence suggests that active enhancers are bidirectionally transcribed to produce enhancer RNAs (eRNAs). This finding not only adds a new reliable feature to define enhancers but also raises a fundamental question of how eRNAs function to activate transcription. Although some believe that eRNAs are merely transcriptional byproducts, many studies have demonstrated that eRNAs execute crucial tasks in regulating chromatin conformation and transcription activation. In this review, we summarize the current understanding of eRNAs from their biogenesis, functions, and regulation to their pathological significance. Additionally, we discuss the challenges and possible mechanisms of eRNAs in regulated transcription.

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Crossref · 10.1042/ebc20200014

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94 of 94 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

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  • Specific expression profiles point toward increasing levels of monomethylation in the case of H3 and repressing levels of H3K4me3 marks.

    “Specific expression profiles have pointed towards increasing levels of monomethylation in the case of H3 and repressing levels of H3K4me3 marks.”
  • Enhancers are related to p300/CBP, as coactivators have been found as a component in the chromatin.

    “In this sense, enhancers have been related to p300/CBP, as coactivators have been found as a component in the chromatin.”

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Authors
Ye, R., Cao, C., & Xue, Y.
Affiliations
Chinese Academy of Sciences (CN)
Corresponding author
Xue, Yuanchao
Venue
Essays in Biochemistry
Published
2020-12
Volume
64
Issue
6
Pages
883-894
ISSN
  • 0071-1365 (ISSN-L)
  • 1744-1358
OpenAlex
W3092177456
Cited by
71
References
96
Citations by year
2026: 10 · 2025: 12 · 2024: 14 · 2023: 15 · 2022: 13 · 2021: 6 · 2020: 1
FWCI
0.84
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Locations
  • Essays in Biochemistry (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Genomics and Chromatin Dynamics
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Cancer Research › Cancer-related molecular mechanisms research
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › RNA Research and Splicing
Keywords
enhancer RNA, enhancers, bidirectional transcription, histone modifications, H3K4me1, H3K27ac, chromatin conformation, transcriptional activation, gene expression regulation
MeSH terms
Animals, Chromatin, Enhancer Elements, Genetic, Gene Expression Regulation, Histones, Humans, Methylation, Promoter Regions, Genetic, RNA, RNA Polymerase II, Transcription, Genetic, Transcriptional Activation, Chromatin Assembly and Disassembly, Epigenesis, Genetic

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