Cited by 221Substance Abuse Treatment and OutcomesNeurotransmitter Receptor Influence on BehaviorPsychometric Methodologies and Testing

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Challenges in the manipulation, assessment and interpretation of craving relevant variables

Tiffany, Stephen T., Carter, Brian L., Singleton, Edward G.·2000·Addiction

DOI 10.1046/j.1360-0443.95.8s2.7.x

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Abstract

The nature of drug craving and its role in the addictive process is a contentious issue in the addiction sciences. There are numerous disputes regarding the definition, assessment, manipulation and interpretation of craving, and progress toward resolving the enigmas of craving confronts numerous conceptual and methodological challenges. Greater attention to certain fundamental principles of measurement and manipulation should generate immediate and substantial improvements in efforts to understand and control alcohol craving. This paper provides suggestions for enhancing the measurement of self‐reported alcohol craving and improving the manipulation of alcohol craving under controlled laboratory conditions. With regard to measurement, single‐item scales commonly employed in craving research tend to be handicapped by limited reliability and validity. Multi‐item craving scales are more likely to provide the accuracy required to accurately discriminate between different levels of craving across individuals or across different settings. Conceptual and practical considerations for the selection of multi‐item craving instruments are discussed. With regard to the manipulation of alcohol craving in the laboratory, recent meta‐analyses suggest that alcohol craving effects in such research may be relatively weaker than craving effects found in similar research with other addicts. Therefore, laboratory‐based investigations into the nature of alcohol craving should utilize procedures and assessments that are particularly sensitive to the detection of alcohol craving. This paper offers methodological recommendations for enhancing the magnitude of alcohol craving effects generated in laboratory research.

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Authors: Tiffany, S. T., Carter, B. L., & Singleton, E. G.
Affiliations: Purdue University West Lafayette (US)
Johns Hopkins University (US)
ORCID: Tiffany, Stephen T.
Singleton, Edward G.
Venue: Addiction
Publisher: Wiley
Published: 2000-08
Volume: 95
Issue: 8s2
Pages: 177-187
ISSN: 0965-2140 (ISSN-L)
1360-0443
DOI: 10.1046/j.1360-0443.95.8s2.7.x
OpenAlex: W2082357982
Cited by: 221
References: 0
Citations by year: 2026: 3 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 11 · 2022: 2 · 2021: 9 · 2020: 6 · 2019: 5 · 2018: 3 · 2017: 5 · 2016: 8 · 2015: 16 · 2014: 5 · 2013: 13 · 2012: 13
FWCI: 3.99
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Licence: onlinelibrary.wiley.com/termsAndConditions#vor (vor, 640 d)
Locations: Addiction (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Substance Abuse Treatment and Outcomes
Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior
Social Sciences › Decision Sciences › Management Science and Operations Research › Psychometric Methodologies and Testing
Keywords: alcohol craving, craving measurement, single-item scale, scale reliability and validity
MeSH terms: Humans, Surveys and Questionnaires, Research Design, Reproducibility of Results, Behavior, Addictive, Alcohol-Related Disorders

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Challenges in the manipulation, assessment and interpretation of craving relevant variables

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